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	Ice Worm
		Ice Worms are gigantic wormlike creatures with leathery skin that ranges in color from dirty white to muddy brown.
		Ice worms can live in any arctic environment if there is enough food, and they are capable of going dormant and surviving for up to five years without eating anything.
		Ice Worms tend to control their own population - they don't reproduce unless there is an overabundance of food, and if the food gets short, they go looking for it fight with any other Worms they encounter.
	www.myrealms.net /mystical/animals/iceworm.shtml (335 words)

	The Weather Doctor Almanac March 2002
		Ice worms are unique creatures, one of the few animals to complete their life cycle solely on glacial ice.
		Far from the giant ice worms of legend or the spaghetti-strand worms of joke, true ice worms are small creatures, averaging in length from a few millimetres to a centimetre (0.10 to 0.4 inches), and a millimetre (0.04 inches) or less in diameter.
		Ice worms generally congregate in great colonies that have been estimated to contain from hundreds of thousands to tens of millions of individuals, covering as much as 12 hectares (30 acres) of the glacial surface.
	www.islandnet.com /~see/weather/almanac/arc2002/alm02mar.htm (1165 words)

	Term paper on Ice worm
		'''Ice worm''' refers to any of a number of species of worm that live in glacial ice, such as Mesenchytraeus solifugus, M. '''Ice worm''' refers to any of a number of species of worm that live in glacial ice, such as Mesenchytraeus solifugus, M.
		The British poet of the Yukon Robert W. Service wrote a poem, "Ballad of the Ice-worm Cocktail", in which a fake ice worm made of spaghetti is the subject of a bar bet.
		The small town of Cordova, Alaska has an annual Ice Worm Festival in February, in which a long imitation ice worm is paraded through the streets rather like a Chinese new year dragon dance.
	www.termpapertopic.org /ic/ice-worm.html (169 words)

	TAMU Oceanography: Lair of the "Ice Worm"
		Ice worms are a type of polychaete worm, meaning they are characterized by pairs of segmented appendages, belonging to the family Hesionidae.
		Since the worms were discovered, we have been collaborating with scientists at Louisiana State University, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Pennsylvania State University, San Francisco State University, the University of California at Davis, and the University of Virginia.
		Ice worms usually hide safely in their burrows, but disturbances expose them to possible predators such as this isopod, a deep-sea crustacean distantly related to pillbugs.
	www-ocean.tamu.edu /Quarterdeck/QD5.3/macdonald.html (1014 words)

	Chapter 4
		The difference in appearance of high densities in ice worms between glaciers was determined by the time when shade began to protect a given area from the sun, this depending on the topography of surrounding landscape.
		While this effect is not discernable by the collected data, it was immediately apparent in the field, as ice worms began to appear first in the shaded portion of dips in the snow, and spreading outward (or actually upward) as the shade spread.
		Ice worm density was not significantly correlated with springtail density, although a general positive trend is apparent in their scatterplot (Figure 17).
	www.nichols.edu /departments/Glacier/bio/chapter4.htm (2020 words)

	North Cascades Glacier Ice Worm research
		Ice worms graze on algae in the snow, as well as bacteria and anything else that is small enough to fit in their mouths (which are tiny indeed).
		Ice worms are often sighted in the glacier meltwater pools, slush, and streams found in or on top of glacier ice, even during the day.
		Ice worms feed in pools and streams, keeping one end hooked in the ice while the other end (apparently the mouth) waves back and forth in the water.
	www.nichols.edu /departments/glacier/iceworm.htm (1495 words)

	University Of Alaska, Stories
		Ice worms in Alaska were first discovered in 1887 by George Frederrick Wright, a glacier geologist and theologian.
		Ice worms propel themselves using setae, extremely small bristles that protrude from the sides of their bodies.
		Wiggling through fractured ice and snow crystals, they burrow as deep as three to six feet (one to two meters) beneath the surface of the ice.
	www.alaska.edu /opa/eInfo/index.xml?StoryID=56 (423 words)

	NIE Hot Topic
		Following mysterious circadian rhythms, the worms burrow up and down through the ice - up in the dark, down in the daylight, propelled by tiny hooks, or setae bristles, that grow from their sides.
		In addition, he said, if ice worms can live and reproduce in such unlikely spots, perhaps they are an analogue for life on other planets.
		Understanding how ice worms survive - as well as understanding their heat-loving worm cousins who live lives of more than 200 years in the boiling water near undersea hydrothermal vents - could help scientists better understand suspended animation.
	www.missoulian.com /NIE/topics/jason-020102.html (1670 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Sea Life - Fact files:
		They are small pink worms, with rows of tentacle-like hairs down their sides, which they use like oars for crawling and swimming.
		The worms live in mounds of methane ice, formed when gases (such as methane and hydrogen sulphide) seep from the seabed.
		Ice worms were only discovered in 1997 and there is still much to learn about their biology.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/blueplanet/factfiles/segmented_worms/polychaete_worms.shtml (224 words)

	Ice Worms, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Squirming around between crystals of ice and through the many interconnected channels in granular snow, ice worms generally stay near the surface of glaciers.
		Most species of ice worms rise to the surface at dusk, where as many as a hundred in one square meter can be observed.
		Ice worms eat airborne pollen grains, fern spores and the red algae that lives in snow and sometimes colors it pink.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF0/053.html (367 words)

	Students Probe Peculiar Ice Worms in Alaska's Glaciers
		Summary One of Earth's most peculiar creatures, the ice worm, is the focus of study for millions of students participating in a virtual expedition to the glaciers of Alaska.
		Learning how ice worms evolved, and what adaptations they made to survive in such extreme conditions, could lead to breakthroughs in space travel, advances in tissue preservation for organ transplants, and insight into the possibility of life on other planets.
		Ice worms in Alaska were first reported by an explorer in 1887, but they have not been the subject of scientific research until recently.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2002/01/0128_020128_iceworms.html (934 words)

	Ice Worm Habitats, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ice worms are numerous in the warmer glaciers of southeastern Alaska, British Columbia and Washington State, but they cannot tolerate temperatures much below zero.
		When I expressed amazement that ice worms could exist in the comparatively cool glaciers of the Alaska Range, glacier expert Larry Mayo of the United States Geological Survey stated that the glaciers there are not necessarily all that cold.
		Ice worms have been observed to move around in the ice at depths near two meters (six feet).
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF3/391.html (280 words)

	Ice Worms of the Klondike (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Of course, some skeptics suggested that the bartenders were actually pulling pieces of spaghetti out of blocks of ice, and in a few cases this allegation may have been correct, since many bartenders were known to pass off fake ice worms on ignorant out-of-towners who didn't know what the real thing looked like.
		As the years passed and the ice worms retreated back into their home inside the glacier, the tiny creatures became something of a legend, often depicted on local postcards.
		Every year the town of Cordova, Alaska celebrates the ice worm with a winter carnival that is held during the last week of January or the first week of February.
	www.museumofhoaxes.com /tall-tales/alaska.html (392 words)

	Glacier Ice Worms Distribution
		Is glacier ice worm distribution limited by where ice worms can crawl directly, and does the extent of the Cordilleran ice sheet explain the limits of their distribution?
		Glacier ice worms are not found on all glaciers within the area previously occupied by the Cordilleran ice sheet, but this absence could be explained by local extinctions.
		On the other hand, even if there was a pan-Cordilleran glacier ice worm population, this origin would not explain the origin of the Sisters Range populations in central Oregon, well south of the maximum extent of the Cordilleran ice sheet.
	black.clarku.edu /~phartzel/iwdistrib.htm (386 words)

	Ice worm -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ice worm refers to any of a number of species of worm that live in (Click link for more info and facts about glacial ice) glacial ice, such as (Click link for more info and facts about Mesenchytraeus solifugus) Mesenchytraeus solifugus, M.
		This may have contributed to the impression that ice worms are mythical creatures.
		Recently, (Click link for more info and facts about methane clathrate) methane clathrate deposits in the ocean floor have been found to be inhabited by (Chiefly marine annelids possessing both sexes and having paired appendages (parapodia) bearing bristles) polychaete worms of the species (Click link for more info and facts about Hesiocaeca methanicola) Hesiocaeca methanicola.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/ic/ice_worm.htm (118 words)

	My Schoolhouse Interactive Learning
		Ice worms wriggle between ice crystals near the glacier's surface, but sometimes can be found as deep as six feet.
		Therefore, ice worms are found only in glaciers near the ocean, or where the climate is warm enough for melt water to be in the ice at all times.
		The ice worm is a relative of the
	www.myschoolhouse.com /courses/O/1/6.asp (490 words)

	JASON XIII Expedition Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ice worms were given the choice between soil and ice.
		Conclusions: The ice worms were the most active on the ice at room temperature.
		Ice worms have been observed in glacial run-off streams in which water is moving rapidly.
	www.jason.org /jason13/updates/portage/portage_5febwormssci.html (423 words)

	Ice-Worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ice-Worm is a common name for Mesenchytraeus solifugus, a dark-pigmented oligochaete worm (seeANNELIDA) up to 4 cm long, found in tangled masses in the melting ice of GLACIERS in the Pacific Northwest; similar ice-worms are also reported in Greenland and Russia.
		Captain Robert F. Scott of the British Antarctic Expedition (1910-12) referred to ice-worms on the underside of spring pack ice, but these were filamentous diatoms (seeALGAE).
		Robert SERVICE wrote the "Ballad of the Ice-worm Cocktail," the subject of which was a piece of dyed spaghetti with painted eyes.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003946 (183 words)

	[No title]
		ON SURFACE OF NEREID The Flapjack is parked on the ice, the rear ramp lowered.
		The Ice Worms surge forward, across the ice, pursuing the Flapjack and its warmth.
		Behind her, Sharkey smacks a chem pack to activate it, waits until the Ice Worm is nearly on him (and the chem pack is HOT), and drops it.
	www.christymarx.com /kath/excerpts/ice.txt (3485 words)

	Luminescences
		The word "worm" has taken on a new meaning for me this year, as in "Ice Worm".
		Ice on Your Pond because the heater quit working (or you didn't think you'd need one in the first place) and things are beginning to look like the proverbial Winter Lake or Ice Cave.
		Apart from attending to mundane survival details during storms like this Canadian Ice Storm of 1998 and pondering gripping questions like Why the sky is blue and re-reading whodunits and the plant catalogs, things are pretty slow in winter.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/cottage_gardening/14600 (505 words)

	Astrobiology: The Search for Life in the Universe
		The flat, pink worms, one or two inches in length, use their appendages like oars to move around the surface of the ice as they graze for the bacteria also living there.
		The area where the ice worms live is under extremely high pressure and, at seven degrees C, very low temperatures.
		The ice worms, which are not ancient animals but are related to the common red mud worms we see after a rain, would have come along later.
	www.rps.psu.edu /0101/life.html (350 words)

	USATODAY.com - Scientists, students hunt for ice worms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) — Armed with a sophisticated ice borer, professor Daniel Shain went hunting on Byron Glacier for a scientific treasure — the tiny, fragile ice worm.
		The worms, which are found only in a coastal region extending from Washington to Alaska, spend their entire lives on ice.
		If Shain finds ice worms — and he's convinced he will because Byron hosts eight colonies — they will be placed in a plastic tray filled with ice and brought to the Begich Boggs Visitor Center in Portage, where students from schools around the world can interact with the expedition team via the Internet.
	www.usatoday.com /news/science/cold-science/2002-01-28-ice-worms.htm (581 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The discovery of dense colonies of these one-to-two-inch-long, flat, pinkish worms burrowing into a mushroom-shaped mound of methane seeping up from the sea floor raises speculation that the worms may be a new species with a pervasive and as yet unknown influence on these energy-rich gas deposits.
		The worms were observed using their two rows of oar-like appendages to move about the honeycombed, yellow and white surface of the icy mound.
		These worms are the major players in a new and unique marine ecosystem," said expedition Chief Scientist Charles Fisher, an associate professor of biology at Penn State, who discovered the methane ice worms in waters 1,800 feet deep in the submersible Johnson Sea Link with sub pilot Phil Santos of the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution.
	www.science.psu.edu /alert/iceworms.htm (620 words)

	Augusta Georgia: Technology:Studying the mysterious ice worm 02/05/02
		In theory, those creatures ought to be subsisting on the glacier's buried summer surface, insulated from winter's deadly cold while feasting on leftover algae and waiting for spring melt.
		Ice worms, threadlike annelids that live on certain coastal glaciers between south central Alaska and Washington, have never been collected in winter.
		Shain has been pursuing the enigmatic worm since the early 1990s, when he saw one described on a restaurant place mat during a trip through Alaska.
	www.augustachronicle.com /stories/020502/tec_124-5023.shtml (648 words)

	Ocean: Cold Methane
		These pink worms (now called “ice worms”) are about 1-2 inches in length, and apparently sculpt the surface of the gas hydrate by the hundreds.
		It is not yet known to what extent the worm colonies use the hydrate mounds for protection or nutrition, but they are at present the only animals known to inhabit this unique habitat.
		A team of university scientists photographed and sampled the worms living on and within mounds of methane ice on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico about 150 miles south of New Orleans.
	www.resa.net /nasa/ocean_methane.htm (1840 words)

	Symantec Security Response - W32.Witty.Worm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		If you are running a product that has the vulnerability, which the worm uses, we recommend that you apply the relevant patch as soon as possible.
		The worm selects a random location on the hard drive and overwrites it with data from memory.
		However the worm randomizes the size of the datagrams it sends, presumably in an effort to evade some IDS heuristics.
	securityresponse.symantec.com /avcenter/venc/data/w32.witty.worm.html (973 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		'''Ice worm''' refers to any of a number of species of worm that live in glacier glacial ice, such as '''''Mesenchytraeus solifugus''''', '''''Mesenchytraeus harrimani M.
		Recently, methane clathrate deposits in the ocean floor have been found to be inhabited by polychaete worms of the species '''''Hesiocaeca methanicola''''' which are often called ''Methane Ice Worms''.
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Ice worm.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Ice_worm.html (205 words)

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