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Topic: Icebreaker Lenin

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	Nuclear icebreaker Lenin - Bellona
		In 1967, it was reloaded onto a pontoon, towed by a tug to the eastern coast of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and dumped in Tsivolki Bay.
		The icebreaker was then towed to the Zvezdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk, Archangelsk county, where the vessel remained from December 12, 1967 until May, 1970, while a new OK-900 reactor installation was being installed.
		The nuclear icebreaker Lenin is currently moored in the harbor in Murmansk, which is located 1 km from the centre of the city.
	www.bellona.org /english_import_area/international/russia/civilian_nuclear_vessels/icebreakers/30131 (1063 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Icebreaker
		Icebreakers are expensive to build and very expensive to run, whether the icebreaker is powered by gas turbines, diesel-electric powerplant or nuclear energy.
		Russian nuclear icebreaker Yamal on a 1994 joint expedition with the NSF The large, nuclear-powered, Russian icebreaker Yamal is the youngest of five in the Arktika class.
		Icebreakers are expensive to build and very expensive to run, whether the icebreaker is powered by gas turbines, or is a nuclear powered icebreaker.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Icebreaker (3453 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Soviet icebreaker Lenin
		It is categorized as a polar icebreaker and also had a helicopter landing strip in the after-part.
		During the winter of 1966-1967 Lenin suffered an accident with one of its reactors, though reliable details are not available.
		Lenin was decommissioned in 1989, because its hull had worn thin from ice friction, and is being converted into a museum ship.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Soviet-icebreaker-Lenin (577 words)

	icebreaker. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		When the icebreaker charges into the ice at full speed, its sharply inclined bow, meeting the edge of the ice, rises upon it, and the weight of the vessel causes the ice to collapse.
		Icebreakers have been widely used in the exploration of the Arctic and the Antarctic.
		The first notable icebreaker was the Pilot (1870), used to maintain communication between Kronstadt and St. Petersburg.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ic/icebreak.html (195 words)

	icebreaker - Encyclopedia.com
		icebreaker ship of special hull design and wide beam, with relatively flat bottom, designed to force its way through ice.
		The icebreaker Krasin, formerly known as the Svyatogor, was one of the first icebreakers in the world.
		ICEBREAKER Icebreaker is preparing for its official launch in the American...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-icebreak.html (976 words)

	Nuclear icebreaker Lenin - Bellona (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1967, it was reloaded onto a pontoon, towed by a tug to the eastern coast of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and dumped in Tsivolki Bay.
		The icebreaker was then towed to the Zvezdochka shipyard in Severodvinsk, Archangelsk county, where the vessel remained from December 12, 1967 until May, 1970, while a new OK-900 reactor installation was being installed.
		The nuclear icebreaker Lenin is currently moored in the harbor in Murmansk, which is located 1 km from the centre of the city.
	www.bellona.com /english_import_area/international/russia/civilian_nuclear_vessels/icebreakers/30131 (1051 words)

	Icebreaker (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Icebreakers are needed to keep trade routes open where there are either seasonal or permanent ice conditions.
		Icebreakers are expensive to build and very expensive to run, whether the icebreaker is powered by gas turbine s, or is a nuclear powered icebreaker.
		RV Polarstern This 17,300 ton polar icebreaker is operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany's leading institute for polar and marine research.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Icebreaker.html (705 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Icebreaker
		Several technological advances were introduced over the years, but it was not until the introduction of nuclear power (icebreaker Lenin, 1959) that icebreakers developed their full potentials.
		Icebreakers are expensive to build and very expensive to run, whether the icebreaker is powered by gas turbines, or is a nuclear powered icebreaker.
		Icebreakers have a round sled-like bow, however; they tend to slam into waves, which can be a risk in high seas.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Icebreaker (980 words)

	Book Review - Icebreaker: Who Started the Second World War? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lenin believed that another world war would bring about the death of capitalism in other nations.
		"Icebreaker,, was the Soviet code name for Hitler — the man who Would "break the ice "bring about another world war, and create the opportunity for the destruction of capitalism in Europe and the victory of socialism under Soviet leadership.
		The staggering defeats suffered by the Soviet army in the early stages of the war was due to the fact that Stalin had tom down many of the Soviet defense positions and had not equipped his armies facing Germany with strategic-defense plans.
	www.fff.org /freedom/1191d.asp (855 words)

	Icebreaker
		Nuclear powered icebreakers are far more powerful than their diesel powered counterparts, and have been constructed by Russia primarily to aid shipping in the frozen Arctic waterways in the north of Siberia.
		Two nuclear-powered icebreakers, NS Vaigach and NS Taimyr, have been built for shallow waters and are usually used on the river Yenisei to Dikson, where they break through the ice followed by cargo ships with lumber from Igarka and cargo ships with ore and metals from the Norilsk Company's port Dudinka.
		Arktika-class icebreakers have a double hull, with the outer hull being approximately 48 mm thick at the ice-breaking areas and 25 mm thick elsewhere.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Icebreaker.html (2710 words)

	Definition of Nuclear powered icebreaker
		The nuclear powered icebreakers were constructed for the purpose of increasing the shipping along the northern coast of Siberia in waters covered by ice for long periods of time.
		In addition to these, the new nuclear-powered icebreaker, the NS Ural, was launched at the shipyard of St. Petersburg November 1993 and delivered at Murmansk during 1994.
		The nuclear-powered icebreakers NS Vaigach and NS Taimyr have been built for shallow waters and are usually used on the river Jenitsej to Dikson, where they break through the ice followed by cargo ships with lumber from Igarka and cargo ships with ore and metals from the Norilsk Company's port Dudinka.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Nuclear_powered_icebreaker (829 words)

	Icebreaker
		The ``Icebreaker'' is the metaphor of Hitler's role prescribed by Stalin.
		Lenin (and Stalin) understood that communism could not survive in one country, let alone a backward agrarian one like Soviet Russia.
		Lenin signed the Brest-Litovsk peace and ceded enormous territories to the Germans because (i) they wanted the war to continue in the west, and (ii) they needed all their strength for the bloody and tragic Civil War in Russia.
	www.gotterdammerung.org /books/reviews/i/icebreaker.html (539 words)

	Nuclear powered fleet: About the fleet: The history of Russian civil nuclear powered fleet
		In October (14-25), 1961 a group of explorers of "SP-10" polar station disembarked from the "Lenin" icebreaker on an ice-floe in the district of Wrangel Island.
		The radiation safety of the nuclear reactor of the icebreaker for both the crew and the environment was confirmed.
		The potential of the icebreaking fleet is proved by the fact that the visit of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin to Murmansk region in April 2000 started with his ascending aboard the "Rossija" nuclear powered icebreaker.
	atomic.msco.ru /cgi-bin/common.cgi?lang=eng&skin=menu1&fn=history (1876 words)

	Icebreaker -- Who Started the Second World War? (review) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Icebreaker Suvorov takes a close look at the origins and development of World War II in Europe, and in particular the background to Hitler's "Operation Barbarossa" attack against the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941.
		Lenin gave a clear-cut answer to this question in 1916: as a result of the second imperialist war...
		Lenin and the other Soviet leaders intended that more republics would be added to the USSR until it encompassed the entire globe.
	www.patriot.dk /icebreaker.html (3217 words)

	Historic Naval Ships Visitors Guide - Icebreaker Krasin
		In the 1920s, she rescued the icebreaker Lenin and a German passenger ship Monte Servantes that had collided with an iceberg and been holed.
		Early in war, the icebreaker crossed the Pacific and passed through the Panama Canal to the east coast of the United States for repairs.
		She is the only icebreaker maritime museum commemorating the Arctic convoys.
	www.hnsa.org /ships/krasin.htm (251 words)

	Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project \| History \| 20th Century Icebreakers
		Naval Commander Makarov is credited with the construction of the Yermak, the first true icebreaker, which reached 81°21'N north of Spitsbergen on her maiden voyage in 1899, and 83°06'N nearly 40 years later.
		This icebreaker operated for many years in the Arctic and was a crucial component in the development of the Northern Sea Route (Northeast Passage).
		The Polar class icebreakers Polar Star and Polar Sea were commissioned in 1976, and continue to serve in the Arctic.
	www.whoi.edu /science/PO/beaufortgyre/history/history_icebreakers.html (684 words)

	State Support to Nuclear Powered Icebreaker Cut Off.
		The purpose of the nuclear icebreakers, which have being built since 1959, was to contribute to the large-scale development and industrialisation of the northern regions of the Soviet Union, whereby the icebreakers would break through the ice to facilitate the passage of cargo ships.
		The first nuclear icebreaker Lenin was taken out of service in 1989, whereas the second-generation icebreaker Sibir was taken out of operation in 1993.
		Icebreaker Arktika is undergoing repairs aimed at extending the lifetime of its nuclear installation up to 175,000 hours (prior practice suggested the lifetime of 100,000 hours).
	nuclearno.com /text.asp?5226 (1158 words)

	AllRefer.com - icebreaker (Naval And Nautical Affairs) - Encyclopedia
		When the icebreaker charges into the ice at full speed, its sharply inclined bow, meeting the edge of the ice, rises upon it, and the weight of the vessel causes the ice to collapse.
		A well-designed icebreaker is able to force its way through ice up to 35-ft (10.7-m) thick.
		Icebreakers have been widely used in the exploration of the Arctic and the Antarctic.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/icebreak.html (249 words)

	Original Artwork: A.M. Aksamit: Icebreaker "Lenin"
		Yet, at the outset of the twentieth century, the Arctic remained inaccessible to reliable water transport.
		Soon, the Lenin became a symbol of the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
		Though the arctic conditions are severe, the Lenin, with its reinforced hull, sophisticated navigational equipment, and advanced communications gear, can withstand the most frigid and dangerous arctic conditions.
	www.unicover.com /EF4VIEWK.HTM (436 words)

	Repairs completed on nuclear icebreaker Lenin - Pravda.Ru
		Repairs on the nuclear icebreaker Lenin, which is being converted into a museum, have been completed, this correspondent was told on Monday at the press-service of the Murmansk shipping company.
		The nuclear-powered ship Lenin, the firstling of the nuclear ice-breaking fleet, has left the dock of Atomflot enterprise and is now moored at a quay.
		The nuclear icebreaker Lenin hit the water on December 5, 1957.
	english.pravda.ru /culture/2002/12/16/40859.html (427 words)

	Nuclear-powered Ships
		The icebreaker Lenin was the world's first nuclear-powered surface vessel (20,000 dwt) and remained in service for 30 years, though new reactors were fitted in 1970.
		For use in shallow waters such as estuaries and rivers, two shallow-draft Taymyr-class icebreakers of 18,260 dwt with one reactor delivering 35 MW were built in Finland and then fitted with their nuclear steam supply system in Russia.
		A more powerful icebreaker of 110 MW net and 55,600 dwt is planned, with further dual-draught ones of 32,400 dwt and 60 MW power at propellers.
	www.uic.com.au /nip32.htm (1944 words)

	Pravda.RU:Repairs completed on nuclear icebreaker Lenin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Repairs on the nuclear icebreaker Lenin, which is being converted into a museum, have been completed, this correspondent was told on Monday at the press-service of the Murmansk shipping company.
		The nuclear-powered ship Lenin, the firstling of the nuclear ice-breaking fleet, has left the dock of Atomflot enterprise and is now moored at a quay.
		The nuclear icebreaker Lenin hit the water on December 5, 1957.
	newsfromrussia.com /culture/2002/12/16/40859_.html (212 words)

	www.rian.ru
		In 1959, the world's first nuclear-powered icebreaker, the Lenin (44,000 horsepower), was commissioned and the navigation period increased from one and a half to seven months a year.
		Large linear icebreakers - the Arktika, Sibir, Rossiya and others - could give their captains more than 75,000 hp and accomplish missions in the harsh conditions of the ice-covered sea, far away from ports for a long time.
		Apart from the Lenin, seven nuclear-powered icebreakers and oceanic nuclear lighter carriers and container ships were built between 1975 and 1992.
	en.rian.ru /analysis/20050531/40449829-print.html (833 words)

	Soviet icebreaker Lenin at AllExperts
		The nuclear powered icebreaker Lenin was the first nuclear surface ship in the world.
		It is categorized as a polar icebreaker and also had a helicopter landing pad aft.
		The repairs should enable the icebreaker to remain afloat at the pier for 40 more years.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/so/soviet_icebreaker_lenin.htm (314 words)

	[No title]
		The last icebreaker of the second generation, called 50 Let Pobedy, was launched in 1994 at the Baltic shipyard in St.Petersburg;...
		Though nuclear power was not adopted, the numbers of major icebreakers in the Coast Guard burgeoned in 1965 and 1966, as the result of an agreement with the U.S. Navy.
		The Icebreakers took several of their frustrations on the Stingrays by beating them 5-3 at the Show Place Arena.Adam Young scored the first goal at 14:73 of the 1st period, Denny Felsner wasted no time scoring 1:24 later.
	www.lycos.com /info/icebreakers.html (503 words)

	Icebreaker Lenin - TheBestLinks.com - Nuclear reactor, Steam turbine, Murmansk, Electric motor, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Icebreaker Lenin, Nuclear reactor, Steam turbine, Murmansk, Electric motor, Ice...
		Icebreaker Lenin was the first nuclear surface ship in the world.
		It is categorized as a polar ice breaker.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Icebreaker_Lenin.html (144 words)

	Icebreaker
		The MT Mastera and MT Tempera are two vessels using this new technology.
		The purpose is usually not to provide navigation channels, rather, to prevent ice dams from forming on bridge structures, thus damaging them and causing local flooding.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ic/Icebreaker.htm (904 words)

	Icebreaker: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rap Singing as an Icebreaker for Large Classes E. Rae Harcum The College of William and...instructor is not reasonably comfortable with rapping, another icebreaker should be considered.
		The Deep Freeze: Wildlife Photographer Louise Murray Hitches a Ride on a Russian Icebreaker and Embarks on a Rare Trip North of the Arctic Circle to the Frozen Outpost of Franz Josef Land
		...rectify this situation is the Royal Navy icebreaker HMS Endurance, which spends seven months...aside by the bow of the Royal Navys icebreaker, HMS Endurance, as it plunges gracefully...Breaking through Endurance is a Class 1 icebreaker, with a rounded hull that helps it to...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/icebreaker.jsp?l=I&p=1 (1441 words)

	Think-Israel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There is no question that the existence of an atomic icebreaker implies the existence of atoms.
		However, this shouldn't lead you to conclude that the designers and builders of the Lenin acted on a hunch, without really knowing, but hoping with all their hearts, that everything around them was made of atoms; because if it wasn't, their creation would never be able to sail out of the shipyard.
		Not only it, just like the icebreaker, is made out of atoms, but it also has the frightening capacity of reducing to atoms everything within an impressive radius around ground zero.
	www.think-israel.org /lieberberg.icebreaker.html (2116 words)

	Life time for nuclear icebreakers prolonged
		The life time for nuclear icebreaker Arktika is extended so it can operate in the Arctic for several years more.
		This icebreaker is currently being under reconstruction to become a museum of the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet.
		There is little hope for commissioning of nuclear icebreakers of a new generation.
	bellona.org /english_import_area/international/russia/icebreakers/16825 (376 words)

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