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Topic: Iceland Gull

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	All About Birds: Iceland Gull
		A pale gull of the north Atlantic, the Iceland Gull breeds in the high Arctic and winters south of the Maritime Provinces only in small numbers.
		The Iceland Gull and the Thayer's Gull show many similarities and may be the same species.
		Snell, R. Iceland Gull (Larus glaucoides) and Thayer’s Gull (Larus thayeri).
	www.birds.cornell.edu /AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Iceland_Gull.html (227 words)

	Birds of Nova Scotia - Iceland Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Iceland Gulls generally arrive from the north in October (average 15 October, earliest 30 September).
		Thayer's Gull, Larus thayeri, once regarded as a subspecies of the Herring Gull but now recognized as being closely related to the Iceland Gull, nests in the Canadian Arctic and migrates to the Pacific coast and occasionally to inland and eastern North America.
		It resembles the Iceland Gull in body size, head shape and bill size, but adults may have darker backs than our Herring Gulls and usually do have darker eyes and wing-tips than "Kumlien's gulls." Immature Thayer's Gulls are much duskier than most young "Kumlien's gulls," with the upper wing-tips even darker.
	museum.gov.ns.ca /mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0176.htm (404 words)

	Gull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Apart from the kittiwakes, gulls are typically coastal or inland species, rarely venturing far out to sea.
		Gulls — the larger species in particular, are resourceful and highly-intelligent birds, demonstrating complex methods of communication and a highly-developed social structure.
		The taxonomy of the large white-headed gulls is particularly complicated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gull (344 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Iceland gulls have a commensal, or mutually beneficial, relationship with fishermen, who use the birds' prey-finding abilities to locate large schools of fish.
		The Iceland gull is one of the smallest of the ‘large’ gulls, rarely exceeding 55 cm in length and 600 g in weight.
		The Iceland gull breeds on the coasts of Greenland and Baffin Island.
	www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca /birds/speciesacc/Arctic/Arc_Birds/Laridae/L_glaucoides.htm (286 words)

	Iceland Gull 1st Winter
		Iceland Gull: Breeds in southern Greenland, southern Baffin Island, northwestern Quebec and on islands in northern Hudson Bay.
		Iceland Gull: Two to three buff to olive eggs with dark brown blotches are laid in a nest lined with grass, moss, and seaweed placed either on a cliff or a sandy shore.
		Iceland Gull 1st Winter: Similar to this bird is Glaucous Gull which has pink-based, not fl, bill.
	identify.whatbird.com /obj/481/_/Iceland_Gull_1st_Winter.aspx (735 words)

	All About Birds
		A pale gull of the north Atlantic, the Iceland Gull breeds in the high Arctic and winters south of the Maritime Provinces only in small numbers.
		The American race known as "Kumlien's Gull" is one of the most variable of all gulls in plumage characters, and no two seem to have the same amount of dark on the wingtips
		The Iceland Gull and the Thayer's Gull show many similarities and may be the same species.
	birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Iceland_Gull_dtl.html (478 words)

	August 2000 Mystery Birds
		The gull was photographed at Nome, Alaska, 29 June 2000 and the swallow photographed in Cupertino, Santa Clara County, California, 20 May 2000.
		On Iceland Gull the bill is short and the wings are long, so the bill appears shorter than the length of wing projecting beyond the tail.
		Iceland Gulls have a relatively larger eye with respect to their small bill.
	fog.ccsf.edu /~jmorlan/aug00.htm (744 words)

	ICELAND WORLDWIDE - Icelandic Birds
		Most importantly the ocean provides abundant opportunities for huge numbers of seabirds, so what Iceland is lacking in the number of spices is more than made up by the number of individuals, The quality of birdwatching in Iceland is great because of the high density of birds and how easily observed they are.
		The most sought after species by birdwatchers visiting Iceland are the Icelandic Gyrfalcon, the largest falcon in the world, the Red-necked Phalarope and Puffin, can all be easily found with some experience or local guiding.
		All in all birdwatching in Iceland is not just for the advanced, but a pleasant experience for everyone who enjoys nature.
	www.iww.is /pages/alife/birds/birds.html (191 words)

	Thayer's Gull Ontario Birds 17
		Gosselin concluded: Given the great variability of Kumlien's Gull, its intermediate appearance, and the intermediate position of its breeding and wintering grounds, I firmly believe that Kumlien's Gull is an intergrade population between Iceland and Thayer's.
		Interbreeding of Thayer's Gull, Larus thayeri, and Kumlien's Gull, Larus glaucoides kumlieni, on Southampton Island, Northwest Territories.
		Snell, R.R. (in prep.) Iceland Gull (Larus glaucoides).
	www.ofo.ca /ThayersOFO.htm (4086 words)

	Gulls on the Niagara River
		These are gulls, Herring Gull in size, with very dark mantles (perhaps a hybrid of Herring Gull X ??, or backcross).
		Many gulls follow the same route such that the gulls look as if they are following each other in a giant circular queue in a clock work fashion.
		At Beck, the gulls seem to follow a pattern (or two) that follows past a chain-link fence heads upstream, passes a little waterfalls, and then heads over a whirlpool, red sign, next whirlpool, etc., and then sails back downstream to repeat the loop.
	home.eznet.net /~kfox/wny/sites/niagulls.htm (575 words)

	Herring Gull (albino/leucistic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A Glaucous Gull would appear noticeably larger than a Herring Gull, although Grant states in "Gulls, A Guide to Identification" that the largest Herring Gull and the smallest Glaucous Gull may appear to be the same size.
		Glaucous Gulls have big heavy bills, and Iceland Gulls have bills that are shorter and thinner than Herring Gulls.
		Most of the other big gulls, including Glaucous and Herring, have gradually sloping foreheads, and most of the large gulls have a look that most books describe as "fierce"; they appear to always be mad.
	www.gos.org /sightings/herg.html (624 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Laridae - Iceland Gull (Larus glaucoides)
		The Glaucous Gull is larger (28 inches in length).
		Behavior: The Iceland Gull is a smaller, more graceful version of the Glaucous Gull.
		The eggs are laid in a nest lined with grass or seedweed, and the nest is placed on a cliff or sandy beach.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/gulls/Lglauc.htm (303 words)

	Kumliens_ORA
		I am also very familiar with Thayer's Gull and its variations, as it is reasonably common along the Monterey County coast where I live, and especially so at favored roosting sites at the Little Sur R. mouth and in Moss Landing harbor.
		Of course it is the variability of Thayer's Gull that causes the problem; the potential that they may be the same species (within a biological concept) doesn't help matters.
		Those of Kumlien's Iceland are variable but "typical" birds have tertials that are mostly white with bars or squiggles.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/ORA_kumliens.html (1506 words)

	Gulls
		Larus Glaucoides, Iceland Gull, Vitvingad Trut, Hvidvinget måge.
		Larus cachinnans cachinnans, Black Seaa Yellow-legged Gull, Steppemåge.
		Larus melanocephalus, Mediteranean Gull, Svarthuvad Mås, Sorthovedet måge.
	hjem.get2net.dk /bofd/gulls.htm (121 words)

	Gull Quiz
		In these first two images, note that this bird is a "white-winged gull", with a medium sized yellow bill, pronounced dark area around or at the eye, and some dark in the primaries.
		Kumlien's Iceland Gull, which would be a reasonable bird to find at this time of year (but should have a yellow eye and lighter primaries?) or Thayer's Gull which would be unusual at any time in Massachusetts (has a dark eye but the primaries should be darker?) or some hybrid or just an aberrant individual?
		From what little I understand, most (if not all?) of the Iceland Gulls we see around here are kumlien's with varying amounts of darkness to the primary tips in adult birds.
	www.larsonweb.org /birds/gullquiz.html (1221 words)

	Thayer's Gull in Denmark, surfbirds.com
		Although Thayer's Gull is generally thought of as a gull of the US west coast, there is no reason why it's regular occurrence in Western European waters should be doubted.
		The 'spanner in the works' for birders searching for Thayer's Gull in European waters is, unfortunately, the appearance of dark kumlieni Iceland gulls, the possibility of hybrids and the variability of all forms, particularly Kumlieni.
		The unresolved puzzle for many in search of Thayer's Gull in European waters is the appearance of dark kumlieni Iceland gulls, the possibility of hybrids and the variability of all forms, particularly Kumlieni.
	www.surfbirds.com /mb/Features/thayers-gull.html (1357 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for March 1-6, 2004
		As for the bleaching of immature gull's plumages in spring it may be worth reminding that there must be an individual element present since some gulls seem to bleach more than others under the same circumstances.
		As far as Thayer's, Kumlien's and Iceland Gulls are concerned the problem is that their breeding colonies are usually too inaccessible to get blood samples and it is in the breeding areas where one would prefer to sample.
		Gull fans on the other side of 'the pond' will probably find value in the paper, if only to better understand variation in our baseline species.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200403/w1 (3990 words)

	February 1, 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		They were joined by a large number of herring gulls, ring-billed gulls, and great fl backed gulls.
		The people who had told me about the Iceland gull said they'd seen three bald eagles from the boat ramp along with 4 other species of raptors (harrier, redtail, sharpshinned, rough-legged) from the same spot.
		A man in another car (maybe it was the Iceland gull man, I didn't memorize everybody I'd talked to) gestured wildly pointing at the feeder.
	world.std.com /~jegan/90201.htm (1008 words)

	Birdlife on Iceland
		On Iceland common waterfowl species belong either to the family of the ducks (including swans and geese) or to the grebe family and the closely related diver family (in America known as loons).
		Next to the birds of sea cliffs and seabirds like gulls, the coasts of Iceland are frequented by many birds which can be found along the seaside.
		When taking into account that Iceland lies far away from the mainland too, it becomes logical that both numbers of passerine species and numbers of passerine individual birds are low.
	www.iceland-nh.net /birds/background_birds.html (1651 words)

	Birds in Lincolnshire - White Winged Gulls
		The first-winter Iceland at Bagmoor January 13th 2002 (see below) was also a very pale bird but with a sharply defined two tone bill--the iris though was still dark.
		The shots of three different Glaucous Gulls (see below) all first-winters taken at Bagmoor on January 13th 2002 show some of the range of variation in plumage that is possible from a coarsely marked biscuit bird to a very pale individual.
		It may also be noteworthy that of 40 Iceland Gulls I have seen in Lincs only two have been second winter birds with two third summer, six adults and 30 first-winter or first-summer birds.
	www.lincsbirdclub.co.uk /articles/white_wing.htm (459 words)

	January 2000 Georgia Statewide RBA Transcripts
		An ICELAND GULL, the second one reported in Georgia in the past 2 weeks, is at West Point Dam, West Point.
		The Iceland was pretty active walking about among the flock of gulls, and then it and others took to the wing to feed behind the shrimp boats trawling out in the waters.
		On Monday the ICELAND GULL was again seen at South Beach by Steve Holzman, though I have no details of his sighting as to time, tide, or other behaviors.
	www.gos.org /rbas/ga2000/2000-01.html (3712 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Iceland Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A few birds may winter on the Great Lakes (A group of 5 lakes in central North America).
		It is much scarcer in Europe (The 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles) than the similar Glaucous Gull (additional info and facts about Glaucous Gull).
		The call is a "laughing" cry like Herring Gull (Large gull of the northern hemisphere), but higher pitched.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/ic/iceland_gull.htm (252 words)

	Thayer's, Iceland, and "Kumlien's" Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The traditional view is that Iceland Gull is a species composed of two subspecies: nominate glaucoides and kumlieni.
		In this view, Iceland Gull has no subspecies; only nominate glaucoides is considered Iceland Gull.
		"Kumlien's Gull" is thus a term that may be applied to any of the birds within that hybrid swarm.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Canopy/6181/kuml3.htm (129 words)

	Iceland gull - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		Iceland gull - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		It has very pale wings and white wing tips, and, like the glaucous gull, it is sometimes referred to as one of a ‘white-winged' gull.
		Birds will also occasionally be seen inland at large gull roosts on reservoirs.
	www.rspb.org.uk /birds/guide/i/icelandgull/index.asp (209 words)

	Slaty-backed Gull and Iceland Gull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Black Dog Lake, Burnsville, MN The bird identified as a possible Slaty-backed Gull was on the mudflat just east of the Black Dog power plant where it was seen at a distance of only 120 yards or so.
		Iceland Gull Black Dog Lake, Burnsville, MN First winter Iceland Gull was on the mudflat just east of the Black Dog power plant where it was seen at a distance of only 120 yards or so.
		Note the size relative to the Ring-billed Gull on the far left and the Herring Gull on the near left.
	www.cahlander.com /jpeg/1181_Special_Gull.html (271 words)

	Thayer's gull Identification tips
		Thayer's Gulls typically have brown secondaries and a brown tail band which are equal in color and duller than the body plumage.
		Iceland Gull rarely shares this, and onHerring Gull the tail band is always darker than the secondaries.
		Western Gull is quite similar in subadult plumages but has a white rump that contrasts with back in first-year plumages, a larger bill, and shows the distinctive dark back color by the second winter.
	www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov /id/htmid/h0518id.html (381 words)

	February 2004 Sightings
		A very wide range of flavors of 1st year Iceland Gulls were around for comparison, and the Thayer's was similar in overall color to the darkest of these, which I think would put it at the pale end of the Thayer's spectrum.
		It differed from the Icelands in that the primaries were much darker than the rest of the body as mentioned in the previous decription by Hector.
		Iceland Gull breakdown - I had 1 adult, 2 very different looking 2nd year birds, and various shades of 1st year ranging from ghostly pale to quite brownish.
	massbird.org /noho/0402.htm (5600 words)

	Hampton's Gull Quiz #13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Some field guides show sub-adult Iceland and Glaucous as all-white, but even with fading this level of whiteness is hard to achieve.
		The only gull that is truly pure white is the adult Ivory Gull.
		Kamchatka Gull is a another possibility to bear in mind, although they are slightly larger.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Canopy/6181/quiz13.htm (272 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for April 23-30, 2000
		It appears to be slightly larger than a California Gull when seen in the flock.
		It looks a little barrel-chested, the head looks kind of smallish in proportion to the body, the bill looks a little thickish, and the primary extension beyond the tail looks kind of shortish (could be due to primary wear).
		This one is in fact a fairly obvious GW Gull, based on the stout bill, quite long legs, and short primary projection.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200004/w4 (1255 words)

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