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	ICELAND LITERATURE
		The Icelandic Literature was created by the inhabitants of Iceland from the country's settlement in the 9th century AD to the present.
		Iceland is most famous for its medieval sagas, written between the 12th and 14th centuries.
		After Iceland's loss of independence in the 1260s, Icelandic literature declined, and from about 1400 to the 19th century hardly any literary prose was written, with the exception of a notable Icelandic translation of the Bible by 16th-century Protestant theologians.
	www.nat.is /travelguideeng/icelandic_literature.htm (1244 words)

	Faculty of Humanities - Courses in the Department of Icelandic
		Icelandic cultural life changed dramatically in the fifteenth cetnury; skaldic verse and eddic poetry went out of fashion and new genres emerged, such as rímur, religious and satirical poetry composed under imported metres.
		The subtitle of this course is Icelandic literature from the renaissance to the enlightenment.
		Intertwining of prose and poetry is one of the characteristics of Icelandic medieval sagas.
	www.hi.is /prog/catalogue/icelandic.html (7272 words)

	Icelandic literature - Encyclopedia.com
		With Iceland's loss of political independence (1261-64) came a decline in literature, although the linguistic tradition continued and the old writings were still venerated.
		The Protestant Reformation, reaching Iceland in the 16th cent., turned literary emphasis to hymns and illuminations of the Protestant faith.
		With the urbanization of Iceland's population came the rise of a working class and new patterns of life and thought.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-IcelndiLit.html (1042 words)

	July 2000 - Library of Congress Information Bulletin
		Iceland's minister of education, science and culture, Björn Bjarnason, opened the symposium, which was organized by the Library of Congress and Cornell University Library.
		The first panel examined "Sagas and the Icelandic Manuscript Tradition." The participants were Stefan Karlsson, past director of the Árni Magnússon Institute in Iceland; Rudolf Simek of the University of Bonn; and Matthew James Driscoll of the Arnamagnaean Institute at the University of Copenhagen.
		The fourth session explored "Influence of the Sagas on Modern Nordic Literature." The panelists included Jón Karl Helgason, a historian and novelist; Régis Boyer, a professor emeritus of the University of Paris-Sorbonne; and Torfi H. Tulinius of the University of Iceland.
	www.loc.gov /loc/lcib/0007/icelandic.html (1975 words)

	Icelandic Literature: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		With Iceland's loss of political independence (1261â“64) came a decline in literature, although the linguistic tradition continued and the old writings were still venerated.
		The Norse settlements...constitution of Icelandic society was made...language and literature.
		Icelandic Chronology xxxix...Some of the best fighting in literature is to be found between its...which has enriched English literature by the present work, and by...relate to the same period of Icelandic story, Njal was not written...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/icelandic_literature.jsp (2010 words)

	North Germanic
		The bulk of medieval Norse literature, and the most readable today, survives in the form of sagas, that is, prose narratives, sometimes interspersed with verse, which relate the lives of legendary or historical figures with objectivity and skillful characterization and which reflect the old Icelandic devotion to personal honor and family.
		Icelandic is a member of the North Germanic, or Scandinavian, group of the Germanic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages.
		The beginning of the modern period of the Icelandic language may be said to date from the translation of the New Testament in 1540 by Oddur Gottskálksson.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Atrium/3993/germanics/north.htm (2920 words)

	Icelandic literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As Icelandic and Old Norse are almost the same, Icelandic medieval literature is also referred to as Old Norse literature.
		Romanticism arrived in Iceland and was dominant especially during the 1830s, in the work of poets like Bjarni Thorarensen (1786-1841) and Jónas Hallgrímsson (1807-45).
		This classic Icelandic style from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were continued chiefly by Grímur Thomsen(1820-96), who wrote many eroic poems and Matthías Jochumsson (1835-1920), who wrote many plays that are considered the beginning of modern Icelandic drama, among many others.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Icelandic_literature (980 words)

	Icelandic Literature
		Iceland is one of the few countries in Europe to have maintained a thorough collection of illuminated manuscripts, as far back as the 1100s.
		Most Icelanders are able to trace their family lineage to the time of Iceland's inception as a colony for Norwegians, in 874 A.D. The usage of genealogy throughout the sagas also established rights of ownership to land, property, titles and the rights of revenge and honor.
		A saga typical of Icelandic genealogy, intrigue among families, conflict and resolution, and an overall description of the Icelandic countryside is Egil's Saga.
	www.geocities.com /iceland002001/icelandicliterature.html (528 words)

	Literature < Arts < History and Culture < Iceland.is - Gateway to Iceland
		The Icelandic Sagas, written in the 12th and 13th centuries, are among the country's most significant contributions to world culture (see on theright).
		The first modern novels in Iceland were written about the middle of the 19th century and these were followed in the early 20th century by many fine novelists, culminating in Halldór Laxness (1902-1998), who was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1955.
		Halldór Kiljan Laxness - The Icelandic Nobel Laureate
	www.iceland.is /history-and-culture/Arts/Literature (297 words)

	Vikings & their Gods - Icelandic Literature
		Because Old Norse and Icelandic are, for all practical purposes, the same language, Icelandic medieval writings are sometimes referred to as Old Norse literature.
		Iceland is most famous for its medieval sagas, written between the 12th and 14th centuries.
		Not as free as Eddic verse, it is strictly syllabic in structure and is characterized by the use of kennings: complex periphrases that at their best are beautiful metaphors, but also sometimes give skaldic poetry the effect of riddles.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/vikings/icellit.htm (524 words)

	Icelandic culture and cultural export (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Icelanders received their technical training from abroad, whether in agriculture or fisheries, which were the principal branches of the economy in the early decades of the century.
		Icelandic studies became one of the cornerstones of the university, and its first chancellor was Iceland's leading scholar in the field.
		Iceland has had a literary promotion fund for several years; its main purpose is to promote contemporary Icelandic literature abroad, in order for Icelandic books to be published in foreign languages in book form or in magazines, performed in theatres on radio or TV.
	www.einst.ee /historic/einst/cultimage/bragason.htm (4544 words)

	Icelandic Canadian Club of Toronto: Icelandic Literature & Language
		Icelandic culture is rich in its literature and language.
		Icelandic orthography is notable for its retention of two old letters which no longer exist in the English alphabet: þ (thorn) and ð (eth or edh), representing the voiceless and voiced "th" sounds as in English thin and this respectively.
		Icelandic Word Bank - One purpose of a word bank is to coordinate the terminological usage in both related and different fields; to collect terms, define and unify them to avoid the use of different names of the same concept.
	icct.info /litlang.html (1201 words)

	Rune Gild: Codex Wormianus and the First Grammatical Treatise by Philip Quadrio
		Iceland has an extensive written tradition the most well known of which is indubitable the Icelandic Saga, however there were many other forms of literature produced by Icelanders.
		A we have seen the geographical remoteness of the Icelandic colony, its development of a strong literary tradition, the fact that it was reliant on an mobile fishing and ranching economy where all factors which contributed to this development.
		The fact that Iceland was able to resist the linguistic changes that occurred in other Scandinavian lands has often been emphasized as a key factor of the preservation of such a formalized language.
	www.runegild.org /pq_icelandic_grammar.html (3498 words)

	Fiske Icelandic Collection part of national exhibit
		The Icelandic sagas rank alongside the masterpieces of western civilization, as precious a contribution to literary history as the writings of the Greeks and Romans.
		Icelanders lived in a world of feuding and vengeance, yet developed a unique form of democratic government under the rule of law.
		Gudridur's story is a remarkable piece of literature and is reflective of the dynamic role Icelandic women have played throughout that country's history.
	www.news.cornell.edu /Chronicle/00/5.4.00/Icelandic_collec.html (764 words)

	Icelandic - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Icelandic, breed of pony, used for riding, pack, and draught work.
		It was introduced to Iceland from Scandinavia and western Scotland in the 9th...
		Iceland (in Icelandic, Ísland), officially Republic of Iceland, island republic, lying just below the Arctic Circle in the North Atlantic Ocean,...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Icelandic.html (131 words)

	A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture - Book Information
		Manuscripts and Paleography: Guovarour Mar Gunnlaugsson (University of Iceland).
		Orality and Literacy in the Sagas of Icelanders: Gisli Sigurosson (University of Iceland).
		Sagas of Icelandic Prehistory: Torfi H. Tulinius (University of Iceland).
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /book.asp?ref=0631235027 (394 words)

	Icelandic Sagas
		As literature, the sagas are held in high esteem, but are relatively plain when compared to both contemporaneous and later medieval works, which, like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Beowulf, often made use of ornate verse and fancified poetry.
		Iceland itself was populated mostly by Norwegians who left their country in hopes of finding better and more abundant farming lands.
		In the early parts of the 11th century, Iceland converted to Christianity, which is described in detail in some of the Sagas, including Njal's Saga, where the title character has much to do with the decision, though such a depiction is probably mostly fictional.
	phwibbles.com /sagas (1630 words)

	Icelandic Medieval Manuscripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Snorri Sturluson was a poet and historian, born in Oddi, Iceland.
		Árni Magnússon was born in Iceland, studied in Copenhagen and became a professor at the University in Copenhagen.
		The manuscripts are preserved in the the Árni Magnússon Institute in Iceland.
	www.hi.is /~unnurv (816 words)

	Vikings & their Gods - Norwegian Literature
		The deeds, beliefs, history, and lore of the Norwegian Vikings who settled Iceland at the end of the 9th century found expression in poems, tales, and legends.
		The sagas were told by the Icelanders but were not concerned solely with Icelandic events.
		In the 13th century the religious and courtly literature of continental Europe reached Norway through translations and adaptations of homilies, legends of saints, and tales of such heroes as Arthur, Charlemagne, and Theodoric.
	www.angelfire.com /realm/shades/vikings/norwlit.htm (286 words)

	Old Icelandic Literature and Society - Cambridge University Press
		Icelanders explored their uniqueness through poetry, mythologies, metrical treatises, religious writing, and through saga, a new literary genre which textualised their history and incorporated oral traditions in a written form.
		The book shows that Icelanders often used their textual abilities to gain themselves political and intellectual advantage, not least in the period when the state's freedom came to an end.
		Sagas of Icelanders as the literary representation of a new social space Jürg Glauser; 9.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521631122 (469 words)

	Icelandic Literature - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Icelandic Literature - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Icelandic Literature, literature created by the inhabitants of Iceland from the country's settlement in the 9th century ad to the present.
		A book report is a factual account of a book’s contents.
	encarta.msn.com /Icelandic_Literature.html (129 words)

	Modern Languages and Linguistics Library
		A survey of the literatures of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden with sections by specialists in the particular literatures.
		A new history of Icelandic literature from the sagas to the beginning of the 20th century, with illustrations.
		Covers Swedish literature from the Middle Ages to the second half of the twentieth century for comparatists, students, and general readers.
	www.library.uiuc.edu /mdx/bibliogs/Scandinavian/scandlit.htm (1276 words)

	Icelandic literature — FactMonster.com
		Icelandic literature: The Twentieth Century - The Twentieth Century The 20th cent.
		Icelandic literature: Early Writings - Early Writings With Iceland's loss of political independence (1261–64) came a decline in...
		Icelandic literature: The Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries - The Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries The Protestant Reformation, reaching Iceland in the 16th...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/ent/A0824867.html (118 words)

	Icelandic Collection Policy
		As one of the three largest repositories of Old Norse and Icelandic materials in the world and the largest in the Americas, the Fiske Icelandic Collection meets the needs of local and international scholarly communities.
		In proportion to their minuscule population, Icelanders are very prolific poets and authors of fiction, with the result that the Fiske Collection devotes considerable resources to belles lettres in an attempt to mirror the reality of Icelandic literature.
		The intention is to maintain selection of government documents at a research level, and selection of works in women's studies and political, social and natural sciences pertaining to Iceland also at preferably a research level, depending on resources available.
	www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/cdicelandic.html (1138 words)

	Scandinavian Studies Web: Literature
		Icelandic Online Dictionary and Readings - both a reference tool and practice reader for Icelandic, compiled by the University of Wisconsin for its Digital Collections.
		Swedish Literature (at encyclopedia.com) - short, dictionary-length excerpts on periods and authors of Swedish literature from the beginnings to the end of the 20th century.
		Swedish Literature in the 20th Century (from sweden.se) - a readable English-language introduction to 20th-century Swedish literary history.
	www.lib.byu.edu /estu/wess/scan/nordlit.html (1076 words)

	Literature in Iceland. Icelandic literature.
		A novel about the relations between Icelanders and foreign military personnel in Iceland during World War II.
		The poems are selected and translated by Marshall Brement, former US Ambassador to Iceland.
		A fascinating selection from the writings of 15 travellers in Iceland from the late 18th to the late 19th century.
	www.randburg.com /is/vaka/literature.html (150 words)

	Web Directory » Web Directory » Arts » Literature » World Literature » Icelandic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Icelandic Sagas - Information on the Sagas, medieval Icelandic literature.
		The Sagas of Icelanders in English - Leifur Eiriksson Publishing has completed the first English translation of the entire corpus of the Sagas of Icelanders together with the forty-nine Tales connected with them.
		The Story of the Ere-Dwellers (Eyrbyggja Saga) - The Story of the Ere-Dwellers or Eyrbyggja Saga was written around the middle of the 13th century.
	www.dcpages.com /DC_ODP/?c=Arts/Literature/World_Literature/Icelandic (477 words)

	Icelandic Literature Term Papers, Essay Research Paper Help, Essays on Icelandic Literature
		Since 1998, our Icelandic Literature experts have helped students worldwide by providing the most extensive, lowest-priced service for Icelandic Literature writing and research.
		We are available to write Icelandic Literature term papers for research—24 hours a day, 7 days a week—on topics at every level of education.
		In addition to regular libraries, our professional Icelandic Literature researchers have access to online, member-only libraries that contain millions of books, journals, periodicals, magazines, and vast information on every conceivable Icelandic Literaturesubject.
	www.essaytown.com /topics/icelandic_literature_essays_papers.html (803 words)

	Icelandic World Literature Literature Arts
		The library functions include collecting and preserving all materials published in Icelandic.
		- Old Icelandic texts, primarily Eddaic and Skaldic poetry, with English translations, concordances, and commentaries.
		This Saga was written around 1245 A.D. - Texts about Icelandic sagas and Medieval Icelandic Literature.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Arts/Literature/World_Literature/Icelandic (332 words)

	literature.is
		Steinunn Sigurðardóttir sent forward a new novel in Iceland in 2005, Sólskinshestur (Sunshinehorse).
		Sigurbjörg Þrastardóttir is one of Iceland's best known poets of the younger generation.
		She has published three books of poetry, a novel and written plays.
	www.literature.is (239 words)

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