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	ictineo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Ictineo I had a length of 7 meters, a beam of 2.5 meters and 3.5 meters depth.
		The Ictineo II was the first mechanically powered steam driven submarine and its intended use was to ease the harvest of coral.
		Ictineo II replica at the harbour of Barcelona; Picture from Flemming Mahler Larsen Oct. 2003.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Ictineo.html (453 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol
		The Ictineo I had a length of 7 meters, a beam of 2.5 meters and 3.5 meters depth and its intended use was to ease the harvest of coral.
		The interior most resistant wooden hull was spherical and had 7 m³ capacity whereas the external hull was a fish-shaped cylinder with elliptical section inspired by the prototype of Wilhelm Bauer that had already sailed in 1851.
		It had 14 meters length, 2 meters beam and 3 meters depth with 46 tones of displacement and 29 m³ capacity.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Ictineo (880 words)

	Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Ictineo I had a length of 7 meters beam of 2.5 meters and 3.5 meters and its intended use was to ease harvest of coral.
		The interior most resistant wooden hull was spherical and had 7 m3 capacity whereas external hull was a fish-shaped cylinder with elliptical section inspired by the prototype of Bauer that had already sailed in 1851.
		Ictineo II The Ictineo II was the first mechanically powered steam submarine launched the 2nd of October 1864.
	www.freeglossary.com /Ictineo (825 words)

	ICTINEO-II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The "ICTINEO" was launched on October 2nd, 1864.
		In the beginning it was driven by a propeller operated by sixteen men, but because of it's poor performance he decided to change the human power for a 6 HP steam engine.
		Narcis Monturiol was way ahead of his time, he also invented the double hull as well as the bulb-shaped bow, still being used today in modern vessels.
	www.historicships.com /MiscItems/ictineo.htm (240 words)

	Monturiol’s Dream - Reviewed by David Skea - Eclectica Magazine v8n1
		Sure, others had built and trialled submersible vessels, but here is a replica of the first real submarine that dived, surfaced and proceeded underwater, on its own, at depths of up to 20 metres—an event in 1867 as astounding as the landing of men on the moon some 100 years later.
		Ictineo I performed admirably as a prototype and was shown off to all until it was crushed in dockside encounter with a freighter.
		Ictineo II was seized by the major creditor, parts sold off, and the rest broken up for scrap.
	www.eclectica.org /v8n1/skea_stewart.html (919 words)

	Read about Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol and learn ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Barcelona and organized the first commercial society in Spain dedicated to the exploration of submarine navigation with the name of Monturiol, Font, Altadill y Cia.
		The first dive of his first submarine, Ictineo I, took place on September 1859 in the harbour of
		The most important invention of Monturiol was the anaerobic engine of Ictineo II together with the solution to the problem of oxygen renovation in an
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Ictineo (836 words)

	Ictineo II - World's First Steam Powered Submarine (1864) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Historical Notes: The Ictineo II is the first steam powered submarine in the world.
		Narcis Monturiol was ahead of his time and amongst other things, he invented the double hull as well as the bulb-shaped bow, still being used nowadays in modern vessels.
		In 1868 because of financial problems the Ictineo II was seized by creditors, broken up and sold as scrap metal.
	scalemodel.net /IctineoII.htm (714 words)

	Submarine History
		The Ictineo II was re-launched on 22 October 1867, and while underwater it was propelled by a one-cylinder machine set in the boat's stern.
		The Ictineo II did thirteen submersions to a depth of as much as 30 meters, with the longest one lasting for seven and a half hours beneath the Barcelona harbor.
		As an inspiration to the submarine pioneers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, no other literary figure loomed as large as Jules Verne, the “father of science-fiction” and the author in 1870 of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/sub-history4.htm (4478 words)

	Ictineo II, the world's first, real, submarine
		If you read the plaque next to the Ictineo II, the Spanish script will tell you that the submarine was originally constructed in 1862 from the plans of Narcis Monturiol I Estarriol (1819 -1886) and that the original Ictineo II actually navigated the waters in the Port of Barcelona.
		Constructed on a smaller scale than the Ictineo II, the Ictineo underwent a successful launch and testing in 1859 but then was smashed by a freighter as it was setting at the dock.
		When completed, Ictineo II was a two-walled submarine, outfitted with a steam driven engine able to operate under water.
	www.travelinginspain.com /barcelona/ictineo.htm (577 words)

	Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1858 presented his project in a scientific thesis titled The Ictineu or fish-ship.
		The Ictineu I had a length of 7 meters, a beam of 2.5 meters and 3.5 meters depth and its intended use was to ease the harvest of coral.
		Between the two hulls there were flotation tanks, a tank that supplied oxygen for breathing and illumination and an hydrogen tank that supplied an oxhidric lamp for illuminating the water depths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ictineo (904 words)

	The Alien Online - Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror News, Reviews, Articles and more...
		Monturiol turned to chemistry and devised a mixture of compounds that would be mixed to generate fresh oxygen without ruining the cabin’s atmosphere with noxious gases as a by-product.
		The Ictineo could thus sustain a number of crewmen for many hours beneath the waves, giving ample time for exploration of the depths, albeit at a somewhat leisurely pace.
		The Ictineo II is, to all intent purposes, a fully functioning modern submarine.
	www.thealienonline.net /ao_030.asp?tid=2&scid=21&iid=1733 (1192 words)

	Encyclopedia: Submarine
		The first mechanically powered submarine was the peroxide driven Ictineo II, launched in 1864 by NarcÃs Monturiol.
		Source of image Ictineo II replica at the harbour of Barcelona taken on October 2003 Author: Flemming Mahler Larsen, http://netfactory.
		Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol (September 28, 1819 - September 6, 1885) was the inventor of the mechanically driven submarine.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Submarine (9634 words)

	Ictineo submarine kit in Ship models Anfora Models Ship models at König & Kraft GbR - Specialist seller of model ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		ICTINEO II was constructed by Narcis Monturiol, an engineer born in Figueres (Girona, Spain) on September 28, 1819.
		In 1868 because of financial problems the ICTINEO was seized by creditors, broken up and sold as scrap metal.
		The stem engine was reinstalled in a paper mill and in 1958 it was definitely scrapped.
	www.sell-it-easy.de /shop_e/katalog/Ictineo_submarine_kit_Ship_models_Anfora_Models_Ship_models,391,123004069,d.html (205 words)

	The Ictineo II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Ictineo II The Ictineo II Port Vell
		Called "the New Fish" the original Ictineo was built in 1862 by Monturiol to help coral fisherman of Cadaques.
		It success interested the military minded, and an Ictineo II was built by private funding, equipped with a 10cm cannon that could fire underwater.
	www.picassosdog.com /IctineoII.htm (73 words)

	Costa Brava House
		Narcís Monturiol, born in Figueres in 1819, experimented successfully with the submersible craft which later came to be called submarines.
		The first was the Ictineo, built in 1864.
		Other names to remember are Ramon Muntaner, a medieval chronicler born in Peralada, Victor Català, pseudonym of Caterina Albert, a writer from l'Escala, Angel Planells, a painter born in Cadaqués in 1901, and Albert Boadella, the director of the Joglars theater group.
	costabrava.4mg.com (791 words)

	Ships on Stamps (Correo Submarino) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The A-1 submarine, depicted on the 2Ptas and 6Ptas stamps, was formerly named Narciso Monturiol, named after the Catalan Narciso Monturiol who constructed an early submarine called Ictineo, depicted on the Spanish stamp SG 2928.
		Moved by the tiredness and the dangers experienced by the coral fisherman on the coast of Cadaques, he devised an underwater vessel which would allow them to fish more extensively, while avoiding the consequences of repeated diving to great depths.
		The Ictineo was launched at Barcelona on the 28 June 1859, and on September 23th, it remained submerged for more then 2 hours - potential customers however, had not been convinced and Monturiol had to finally move to the recovery of shipwrecks....
	home.ict.nl /~ephilipp/stamps/submarino/submarino.html (509 words)

	georgeland: the blog :: mermaids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		One of the major problems Monturiol had was that unlike many other would-be submariners, he was not looking at potential applications of the submarine, but rather at creating sort of a platonic ideal of the submarine, one without all the glitches and safety flaws of its predecessors.
		Sadly, at that point in history, most of the potential applications were military, and even his spiffiest prototype, the Ictineo was far too expensive for the amount of damage it could conceivably do.
		Electric motors and motorized torpedoes were far in the future, let alone the interest in oceanography or marine salvage which finally produced profitable pacifist uses of submarine technology.
	ravasz.net /v-web/b2?cat=9 (603 words)

	American Scientist: A utopian's submarine.(History)(Book Review)@ HighBeam Research
		In the summer of 1859, Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol and his crew ran sea trials of the Ictineo, the world's first fully operational submarine, in the harbor waters of Barcelona.
		This untethered, double-hulled, hand-powered vessel built of copper-sheathed olive-wood staves proved capable of routinely diving to 20 meters and of navigating at that depth with a crew of up to six men.
		Thus the Ictineo was far superior to the...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc3.asp?fr=1&full=yes&docid=1G1:121498344&refid=ls_pub&skeyword=&teaser=&origurl=http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc3.asp?docid=1G1:121498344&refid=ls_pub&skeyword=&teaser= (198 words)

	Submarine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Submarines did not have a major impact on the outcome of the war, but they did portend their coming importance to naval warfare and increased interest in their use in naval warfare.
		Monturiol's wooden Ictineo II stands near Barcelona harbor
		These vessels nevertheless always have a small battery and diesel engine/generator installation for emergency use should the reactor have to be shut down.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Submarine.htm (5034 words)

	Independent, The (London): THE FRIDAY BOOK: One man's search for utopia beneath the waves
		Narcs Monturiol struggled all his working life to build the Ictineo, the first "true" submarine: one that could roam freely under water and stay down for long periods.
		He was active in the 19th- century utopian movement, mixing with revolutionaries who relished the company of a technological doer.
		Stewart's glib tone ("he was pretty much your typical utopian socialist revolutionary") may grate, and he can be careless with cliches: surely it was no "miracle" when the Ictineo surfaced after its first dive, so far as the scientific utopians were concerned.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20030829/ai_n12703083 (615 words)

	Barcelona Hostel, Barcelona Travel Guide,Residencia Australia
		Hostal Residencia Australia shares with you tips and news to make your stay in Barcelona a memorable and unique experience.
		Ictineo: That was the name of the first world´s submarine ship, designed by the catalonian engineer Narcis Monturiol between 1856 and 1860.
		This engineer, developed and tested the ship in the city port, that´s why you could see a real size reproduction of this wonderful creation at the Port Vell, near the Aquarium.
	radio.weblogs.com /0139883/2005/02/16.html (81 words)

	Famous Important Hispanic Latino Inventors Inventions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pioneering contributions to the theory and techniques of immunology, which were said to lay the basis for advances in medical areas such as cancer treatment and the detection of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
		Monturiol, a Catalonian, researched the first underwater navigation and in 1859 he drove the first fully operable submarine in the world, the "Ictineo".
		The Spanish inventor offered the US Confederacy his advanced submarine to smash the Federal blockade.
	www.bkfk.com /inventions/hispanic.asp (237 words)

	Exhibition Manual 2001 - Madrid
		There is still a long way to go in the promotion of our hobby, but, from these pages, we would like to contribute to the success of this type of events, which will eventually benefit both amateurs and experts.
		the new Spanish kit company presented its well-known models, the Ictineo II submarine and the Danube Duna tugboat, together with some innovations for this year, such as the Pilar steam gunboat, which will hit the stores in April and the motorboat for electric or internal combustion engine, which will be launched this year in October.
		Artesanía Latina, the biggest Spanish ship-modelling company, did not present any outstanding innovation, except for the launching of some kits manufactured at a different scale, but set up a very attractive stand with its products.
	www.modelismonaval.com /magazine/manual2001/manual2_2001.htm (367 words)

	Review of Sherlock Holmes in Gibraltar, by Sam Benady
		This is my favorite pastiche because ships, Doylean Ships and Sherlockian Ships are of special interest to me having built models and rendered paintings of them all.
		The Spanish 1856 submarine "Ictineo" played a major part in Benady's pastiche.
		Benady wrote this book in the true style of Sir Arthur.
	www.sherlockiana.net /books/rev/gibraltar.html (182 words)

	New Scientist Premium- Utopia under the sea - Books
		BARCELONA'S waterfront boasts an object whose stylish lines look right at home with the city's sculptures.
		But it is a piece of history, not art, and engineering history at that: a replica of the world's first proper submarine, the Ictineo II.
		Its inventor, Narcis Monturiol, was a utopian communist who believed submarines could be tools for social change.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg17924064.800.html (282 words)

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