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Topic: Idaho ground squirrel

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Spermophilus

Sciuridae

Hawaiian honeycreeper

Scientific classification

Spermophilus brunneus

	Southern Idaho ground squirrel Fact Sheet
		The granitic sands and clays of the Weiser River Basin are thought to influence the southern Idaho ground squirrel's lighter coloration, while the deeper reddish-colored northerns are found in higher-elevation areas with shallow reddish soils of basaltic origin.
		Research suggests that the squirrels prefer areas with a high percentage of native cover such as big sagebrush, bitterbrush and a variety of native forbs and grasses; however, some nonnative features may enhance their survival such as alfalfa fields, haystacks or fence lines.
		When squirrels emerge from their burrows, they begin breeding; young are born about three weeks later and emerge from the nest burrow in about 50 days.
	www.fws.gov /idahoes/Fact/SIGS.html (445 words)

	ground squirrel - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In some regions the ground squirrel is called gopher, a name more commonly applied to burrowing rodents of a different family.
		Ground squirrels are classified in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, class Mammalia, order Rodentia, family Sciuridae.
		A stochastic population model for the Northern Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-groundsq.html (650 words)

	[No title]
		In contrast, the southern Idaho ground squirrel occurs at elevations ranging from 669 to 973 m (2,200 to 3,200 ft) in the low rolling hills and valleys along the Payette River in Gem, Payette, and Washington counties of western Idaho (Yensen 1991).
		Nearly all of the meadow habitats utilized by northern Idaho ground squirrels are bordered by coniferous forests of Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) and/or Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir).
		The northern Idaho ground squirrel will consume the roots, bulbs, leaf stems, and flower heads of another 45 to 50 plant species that are major components of the diet during key periods of the spring and summer.
	www.eswr.com /f0450.txt (7427 words)

	Cornell News:Why squirrels need fire
		The Northern Idaho ground squirrel depends on the fat-rich seeds of native bunch grass to sustain it through seven or eight months of hibernation.
		Within a year, the Idaho ground squirrels around Anderson's residence were reproducing like rabbits and doubling their weight during the summer months, just like hibernating animals are supposed to.
		Sherman and Gavin quickly pinpointed the cause of the population explosion: Seed-starved squirrels were eating kibble the rancher left outdoors for his herding dogs, as well as spilled oats from horse feed.
	www.news.cornell.edu /releases/May99/squirrel.fire.hrs.web.html (1218 words)

	Idaho Ground Squirrel
		The Idaho Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus) is divided into two types: The Northern Idaho Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus), and the Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus endemicus).
		Ground squirrels are distinguished by their cheek pouches, which open into their mouths.
		When not hibernating, the Idaho Ground Squirrel spends much of its time foraging and needs to eat large amounts of seeds, leaves, and vegetation to store up fat to sustain them during their long sleep.
	www.unitedstatesfauna.com /idahogroundsquirrel.php (444 words)

	AllRefer - Wildlife & Animals: Townsend's Ground Squirrel \| Spermophilus townsendii > Species: [19682] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In southeastern Idaho, 68 percent of Townsend's ground squirrel burrows were in sand, 28 percent in silt, and 4 percent in clay [19].
		Since Townsend's ground squirrels are aestivating in their burrows at that time, wildfire probably has no direct effect on them [11,28].
		The ecology of Townsend's ground squirrel, Spermophilus townsendii mollis.
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/animals/mammal/spto/all.html (2494 words)

	Interior Activity & Accomplishments
		Idaho is home to the largest contiguous wilderness area in the continental U.S., and major wildfires over the past several years have burned much of these lands.
		President George W. Bush's Healthy Forests Initiative is critical to Idaho's wilderness areas and rangelands because of the destructive erosion and stream degradation that occurs from fire and is threatening the habitat of the endangered salmon and steelhead.
		Idaho will continue to benefit both in the Snake, Salmon and northern Idaho river watersheds from the ongoing recovery efforts for Chinook salmon and steelhead trout, several species among others that are the subject of recovery programs in the Columbia River drainage system.
	www.nbc.gov /accomplishments/report.cfm?states=ID (5630 words)

	The Why Files \| This squirrel loves a good fire
		The Northern Idaho ground squirrel, marked with a short-acting dye, is slightly larger than a chipmunk.
		As Sherman joined forces with Thomas Gavin, a conservation biologist at Cornell, they observed that the overall population of the Idaho ground squirrel was declining, and individual populations were disappearing entirely.
		The 12 squirrels present last year have grown to 26, which are packing on the pounds.
	whyfiles.org /shorties/058fire_ecorest (1151 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Idaho Ground Squirrel
		The Idaho Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus) is a species of the largest genus of ground squirrel.
		The Northern subspecies is found in Valley and Adams counties, in about two dozen isolated demes (population groups) occurring at an elevation of between 1150-1550 meters (3775-5075 feet).
		The Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel can be found in an area about 30 by 70 kilometers (48 by 113 miles) extending from Emmett, Idaho, northwest to Weiser, Idaho and the surrounding area of Squaw Butte, Midvale Hill, and Henley Basin in Gem, Payette, and Washington counties.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Idaho_ground_squirrel (332 words)

	Nongame Wildlife Program - Research Projects
		The Idaho Ground Squirrel has 2 subspecies, the northern Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus) and the southern Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus endemicus).
		The southern Idaho ground squirrel (SIDGS) is listed as a federal candidate species and a state "species of special concern".
		Southern Idaho ground squirrel populations declined abruptly throughout the species' range from about 40,000 in 1985 to between 2,000 and 4,500 individuals now.
	fishandgame.idaho.gov /cms/wildlife/nongame/projects.cfm (618 words)

	CNN - Squirrel survival: Let forest burn - May 13, 1999
		Without lightning-sparked fires, which naturally occur every 10 to 12 years, a few non-native plant species have taken over the Payette forest of northern Idaho and populations of one species of ground squirrel are slowly starving, say biologists based at Cornell University and in Idaho.
		Squirrel populations as close as two miles apart are no longer mixing in the Payette forests.
		The researchers are advocating the use of controlled, "cool" fires to burn off non-native vegetation and underbrush that blocks the ground squirrels' movement from one population patch to others.
	www.cnn.com /NATURE/9905/13/squirrels.enn/index.html (571 words)

	ground squirrel control, Ground Squirrel Control, GROUND SQUIRREL CONTROL, ground squirrel control, Ground Squirrel ...
		Ground squirrels have chosen to dig their homes and though they can still climb trees quite well, they don't live there.
		Ground squirrels can become a problem in the yard and around the home when their burrows lead to flooding.
		Interestingly, ground squirrels seem to find these sets quickly when our strong smelling lure is used but they also seem to like the protective feeling of the garbage pail cover since it provides a false sense of security they like.
	www.bugspray.com /article/groundsquirrel.html (3897 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel Candidate Conservation Agreement With Assurances
		The intent of the Agreement is to conserve southern Idaho ground squirrels by protecting and enhancing ground squirrel habitat and populations, and reintroducing ground squirrels into currently unoccupied suitable habitat, in a manner that is consistent with Soulen Livestock's farming and ranching operations.
		Southern Idaho ground squirrels are largely dependent on private lands: 85 percent of the occupied ground squirrel sites are located on private lands, mostly ranches and farms; 12 percent are under federal management by the Bureau of Land Management; and 3 percent of the sites are on lands managed by the Idaho Department of Lands.
		On these unsurveyed lands, both individual ground squirrels and their habitat will be protected from land use activities that may have adverse effects at any sites identified in the future as occupied by southern Idaho ground squirrels, or sites identified by the agencies as reintroduction/translocation sites.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2002/March/Day-21/i6810.htm (1199 words)

	Dr. Eric Yensen - ACI Biology Department
		"Ground squirrels, cheatgrass, and the death of an ecosystem." Idaho Academy of Sciences, Symposium on the Snake River Plain.
		Genetic population structure of the northern Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus).
		Biochemical differentiation in the Idaho ground squirrel, Spermophilus brunneus.
	www.albertson.edu /academics/biology/faculty/eyensen.asp?mainID=2&subID=11 (1753 words)

	The Northern Idaho Ground Squirrel Safe Harbor Agreement - Environmental Defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By 1998 the total northern Idaho ground squirrel population was estimated to be only 700 animals, and more recent information indicates it could be as low as 300 to 400 individuals.
		If the northern Idaho ground squirrel population expands beyond the 5 acres currently occupied on the Mack property, FWS may translocate those individuals to bolster other declining populations of the species.
		In return for management actions to increase the number of northern Idaho ground squirrels on their land, the Macks will not incur additional Endangered Species Act responsibilities requiring them to protect squirrels outside of the currently inhabited 5-acre area.
	www.environmentaldefense.org /article.cfm?ContentID=138 (386 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel Programmatic Candidate Conservation Agreement With Assurances and ...
		The intent of the Agreement is to conserve southern Idaho ground squirrels (SIGS) by protecting and enhancing SIGS habitat and populations, and reintroducing SIGS into currently unoccupied suitable habitat, in a manner that is consistent with the non-Federal landowner's land use activities and the Agreement.
		On October 30, 2001, the Service formally identified the southern Idaho ground squirrel as a candidate for listing under the ESA (66 FR SIGS are currently found within an approximately 1,046,569-acre area comprised of lower elevation shrub/steppe habitat in the Weiser and Payette river basins in southwest Idaho.
		SIGS are largely dependent on private lands: 85 percent of the occupied ground squirrel sites are located on private lands, mostly ranches and farms; 12 percent are under federal management by the Bureau of Land Management; and 3 percent of the sites are on lands managed by the Idaho Department of Lands.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/2004/May/Day-07/e10426.htm (1121 words)

	[No title]
		, M.S. Genetic diversity and divergence in fragmented populations of the Idaho ground squirrel.
		My master’s research at UI focuses on the effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetics of the Idaho ground squirrel, a declining species that occurs only in a few counties in west-central Idaho.
		The northern subspecies of Idaho ground squirrel is federally listed as threatened, and the southern subspecies is a candidate for listing.
	www.cnr.uidaho.edu /rachlowlab (1777 words)

	North American Mammals: Spermophilus brunneus
		Conservation Status: The Idaho ground squirrel is endangered; the subspecies Spermophilus brunneus brunneus, the northern Idaho ground squirrel, is critically endangered and the subspecies S.
		brunneus endemicus, the southern Idaho ground squirrel, is vulnerable.
		The Idaho Ground Squirrel is the only mammal endemic to Idaho.
	www.mnh.si.edu /mna/image_info.cfm?species_id=353 (183 words)

	ground squirrel — Infoplease.com
		squirrel - squirrel, name for small or medium-sized rodents of the family Sciuridae, found throughout the...
		(Abstracts from the Symposium on Conservation Biology of Ground Squirrels and the Shrub-Steppe......
		Demography of a population collapse: the Northern Idaho ground squirrel (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus).
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0821948.html (440 words)

	SR.com: Judge wants response on three rare species
		The ruling refers to the Tahoe yellow cress, Southern Idaho ground squirrel and sand dune lizard.
		The ruling by U.S. District Judge Ann Aiken in Portland was hailed by environmental groups Friday as a victory in their efforts to list the Tahoe yellow cress plant, the Southern Idaho ground squirrel and the sand dune lizard as threatened or endangered.
		The Southern Idaho ground squirrel has a range limited to the low rolling hills of three counties in southwestern Idaho.
	www.spokesmanreview.com /tools/story_pf.asp?ID=12719 (658 words)

	NatureWorks - Columbian Ground Squirrel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Columbian ground squirrel has white-speckled brown, fl and gray fur on its head and back.
		The Columbian ground squirrel can be found in open alpine meadows, dry grasslands and brushy areas.
		The majority of the Columbian ground squirrel's diet is made up of grasses and plant parts like stems, leaves, bulbs, fruits and seeds.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/columbiangroundsquirrel.htm (302 words)

	Paul Sherman Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Population genetic structure in northern Idaho ground squirrels (Spermophilus brunneus brunneus), a rare mammal endemic to Idaho.
		Characterization of microsatellite loci in the northern Idaho ground squirrel, Spermophilus brunneus brunneus.
		23) Sherman, P.W. Kinship, demography, and Belding's ground squirrel nepotism.
	www.nbb.cornell.edu /neurobio/department/faculty/sherman/ShermanPubs.html (2047 words)

	Townsend Ground Squirrel Information Page
		The Townsend Ground Squirrel is a small smoky gray squirrel having a pinkish tint, white belly and short bi-colored tail.
		Townsend Ground Squirrels dig two types of burrows, a short shallow emergency burrow in feeding areas to duck away from predators, and a large burrow with lots of tunnels connecting all colonies together.
		Found in well-drained soils, embankments, sagebrush, desert springs and irrigated fields, the Townsend Ground Squirrel are habitat to Nevada, Utah, Idaho and Oregon.
	www.pestproducts.com /townsend-ground-squirrel.htm (208 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Southern Idaho Ground Squirrel population has plunged from an estimated 40,000 in 1985 to fewer than 5,000 today.
		Ground squirrels are a critical food source for raptors, badgers, weasels, snakes and other animals.
		Further, the squirrels’ burrows aerate the soil and the seeds they bury increase the diversity of plants in an area.
	www.cityofboise.org /Departments/Parks/News/2006/pf_page12229.aspx (286 words)

	The Chronicle: 10/18/2002: Trapped by Evolution
		The squirrels' habitat has been transformed because people have prevented fires from occurring, allowing pine trees to invade what used to be open meadows.
		Though this behavior has never been studied in northern Idaho ground squirrels, a close relative's reproductive efforts each spring are dictated by how much food is available.
		Though it hasn't been proved, the idea of an evolutionary trap threatening the squirrels is intriguing, says Eric Yensen, a professor of biology at Albertson College, in Caldwell, Idaho, who also studies the northern Idaho ground squirrel.
	chronicle.com /free/v49/i08/08a01901.htm (1918 words)

	Danger in the Meadow - Science Stories - HighlightsKids.com
		But the Idaho ground squirrel is one of the rarest mammals in North America.
		Because the ground squirrels did not have enough high-energy native grass seeds to eat during the summer, they did not live through hibernation.
		But for the Idaho ground squirrel and other meadow-dweling creatures, this new approach to fires means that their meadow homes may be saved.
	www.highlightskids.com /Science/Stories/SS0399_dangerMeadow.asp (727 words)

	AmeriScan: December 4, 2002
		The southern Idaho ground squirrel once occurred in sagebrush steppe communities, but these areas have been decimated by livestock grazing, urban development and non-native species such as medusa head and cheatgrass.
		A survey conducted in the late 1990s found that ground squirrels were present in just 30 percent of the sites where they were found in the 1980s.
		By inserting two metal spikes in the ground at various distances and connecting them to an electric current, Frohlich can measure the voltage between the spikes and determine the resistivity of the soil, which tells him if the soil is polluted.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/dec2002/2002-12-04-09.asp (3881 words)

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