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Topic: Ideal (ethics)

	Ideal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ideal (ethics), principles or values that one actively pursues as goals.
		Ideals (magazine), a discontinued magazine that was published in the United States.
		Ideal gas law, in physics, governing the pressure of an ideal gas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ideal_(disambiguation) (218 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ethics
		Ethics is pre-eminently practical and directive; for it orders the activity of the will, and the latter it is which sets all the other faculties of man in motion.
		Ethics is distinguished from the other natural sciences which deal with moral conduct of man, as jurisprudence and pedagogy, in this, that the latter do not ascend to first principles, but borrow their fundamental notions from ethics, and are therefore subordinate to it.
		As ethics is the philosophical treatment of the moral order, its history does not consist in narrating the views of morality entertained by different nations at differnt times; this is properly the scope of the history of civilisation, and of ethnology.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05556a.htm (11206 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ETHICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Ethics may also be treated descriptively; this method includes a historical examination, based upon data collected by observation, of the actual conduct, individual or collective, of man, and is thus distinct from ethics as dynamic and normative, as demanding compliance with a certain standard resulting from certain fundamental principles and ultimate aims.
		Jewish ethics may be divided into (1) Biblical, (2) Apocryphal, (3) rabbinical, (4) philosophical, (5) modern; under the last will be discussed the concordant, or discordant, relation of Jewish ethics to ethical doctrine as derived from the theories advanced by the various modern philosophical schools.
		Jewish ethics is not weakened by the theories that evolution may be established in the history of moral ideas and practise; that the standards of right and wrong have changed; and that conscience has spoken a multitude of dialects.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=499&letter=E (11209 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Medical ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Medical ethics is the discipline of evaluating the merits, risks, and social concerns of activities in the field of medicine.
		To reconcile conflicting principles, Bernard Gert, a philosopher who specializes in medical ethics, propounds a theory that would require us to advocate our action publicly if we were to violate any basic moral principles (e.g., break a promise in order to save a life).
		Institutional Damage caused by long term stay in hospitals, which is not an ideal substitute for family care and education.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Medical_ethics (456 words)

	Ethics
		Ethics, which concerns itself with the study of conduct, is derived, in Hinduism, from certain spiritual concepts; it forms the steel-frame foundation of the spiritual life.
		Hindu ethics differs from modern scientific ethics, which is largely influenced by biology; for according to this latter, whatever is conducive to the continuous survival of a particular individual or species is good for it.
		Therefore non-dualistic ethics, in one of its phases, preaches the ascetic or the negative discipline of the suppression of ego.
	www.hinduism.co.za /ethics.htm (8864 words)

	Ethics, I (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		Hence, all students of ethics are agreed that the main object of their investigation must belong to the psychical side of human life, whether they hold that man's ultimate end is to be found in the sphere of pleasure or they maintain that his well-being lies in the realization of virtue.
		Ethics is based on the assumption that man is a person possessing rights and having duties--responsible therefore for his intentions as well as his actions.
		Christian ethics is the science of morals conditioned by Christianity, and the problems which it discusses are the nature, laws and duties of the moral life as dominated by the Supreme Good which Christians believe to have been revealed in and through the life and teaching of Jesus Christ.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/3230 (4160 words)

	Meta-ethics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In philosophy, meta-ethics is the branch of ethics that seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties (if there are any), and ethical statements, attitudes, and judgments.
		Meta-ethics is one of the three branches of ethics generally recognized by philosophers, the others being ethical theory and applied ethics.
		While normative ethics addresses such questions as "Which things are good and bad?" and "What should we do?", thus endorsing some ethical evaluations and rejecting others, meta-ethics addresses the question "What is goodness?", seeking to understand the nature of ethical properties and evaluations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meta-ethics (963 words)

	George Herbert Mead: Ideal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The aesthetic ideal may be the expression of the characteristics of a race in an individual or the creation of an artist.
		It may be the exact expression of what a conceptual definition demands in the sciences, e.g., an ideal elasticity, or it may be that which would satisfy the aesthetic demands of an artist or a man of taste.
		In ethics the ideal has been conceived as the essential good in the Platonic sense, as the end of moral conduct, whether this be the satisfaction of the hedonist, or the self-realization of the Hegelian.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Mead/pubs/Mead_1921b.html (509 words)

	Reality - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		In ethics, discussions of ethical perfectionism, what might be called "moral idealism" or the notion that we are obligated to be morally perfect human beings, runs up against notions of what is real about human nature and the human condition.
		Perhaps the first was idealism, so called because reality was said to be in the mind, or "ideal" in that special sense.
		Berkeleyan idealism is the view, propounded by the Irish empiricist George Berkeley, that the objects of perception are actually ideas in the mind.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/r/e/a/Reality.html (2877 words)

	CESJ - An Outcomes-Centered Approach to Teaching Ethics
		Suppose a committed faculty member were to carefully develop five or six significant ethics units in a course, and include in each of these exposition by the faculty member, class discussion and a written assignment for the students (for example, an analysis of a case).
		Admittedly, in ethics as in all disciplines, some practitioners become so expert in advanced modes of the discipline's practice that they lose the ability to communicate effectively at the lower skill levels, and hence are less effective as teachers at those levels than some who are not so advanced in their expertise.
		Ethics Across the Curriculum programs can make very important educational contributions to undergraduate learning, as well as enrich in many subtle ways the scholarly, institutional, and personal lives of faculty who participate in them and the life of the institution itself.
	www.luc.edu /ethics/03150outcomes_teaching.shtml (8025 words)

	Interpretation of Christian Ethics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Moral and social ideals are always a part of a series of infinite possibilities not only in terms of their purity, but in terms of their breadth of application.
		Moral idealism in terms of the presuppositions of a particular class is also natural and inevitable; but it is the basis of tyranny and hypocrisy.
		A naturalistic ethics, incapable of comprehending the true dialectic of the spiritual life, either regards the love commandment as possible of fulfillment and thus slips into utopianism, or it is forced to relegate it to the category of an either harmless or harmful irrelevance.
	www.religion-online.org /showchapter.asp?title=427&C=285 (6777 words)

	John Dewey Reconstructs Ethics
		Sometimes the ideal is described as a life of activity in accord with virtue (as Aristotle described it), sometimes as the most pleasant life (as hedonistic thinkers called it), or the life in accord with nature (in the words of the Stoics).
		Whether the fixed point of morality is an ideal pattern of life or a law, the traditional task of moral philosophy is then to discover it, clarify it, defend it against critics, and proceed to apply it to particular cases.
		Reason in ethics, he says, takes flesh "in the methods by which needs and conditions, obstacles and resources, of situations" are analyzed in detail, and plans for addressing problems worked out.
	www.wku.edu /~jan.garrett/dewethic.htm (4456 words)

	20th WCP: Toward an Ethics for Being Educated
		The ideal is unclear, in that, its understanding is shaped by differing doctrinal commitments, orientations in educational theory, and traditions.
		One source of content for the ideal is the aspirations and conduct of faculty in higher education.
		Subscribing to such an ethic, then, would ordinarily be done for other reasons such as the ends it serves or the attractiveness of the ideal itself.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Educ/EducKolc.htm (2861 words)

	The Polynomic Theory of Value
		Ideal ethical evaluation (which can also be called "euergetic ethics," from euergeteô, "to do good") shares in aesthetic pluralism, although in relation to the purposes of persons.
		This was called "ideal" ethics by Nelson, but that implies too narrow a range for it.
		Ideal ethics is the evaluation of ends, purposes, and consequences of action.
	www.friesian.com /poly-1.htm (2368 words)

	The CEO Refresher Archives - Ethics
		Many companies are establishing a clear-cut code of ethics and infusing it into all aspects of their operations.
		If done correctly, ethics saturates all the components of the organization triggering the very heart of the company to beat to a new rhythm.
		To determine what ethics we should adopt, we must first decide what ethics are or what being ethical means.
	www.refresher.com /archives44.html (1342 words)

	Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		When compared to normative ethics and applied ethics, the field of metaethics is the least precisely defined area of moral philosophy.
		The key assumption in normative ethics is that there is only one ultimate criterion of moral conduct, whether it is a single rule or a set of principles.
		Applied ethics is the branch of ethics which consists of the analysis of specific, controversial moral issues such as abortion, animal rights, or euthanasia.
	www.iep.utm.edu /e/ethics.htm (6475 words)

	E. Belfort Bax: Religion v. Ethics (1901) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Similarly, the so-called universal or ethical religions, whose ideal was primarily individualistic (cf., Christianity) are bound up with the more refined and developed forms of animism called theology, because this also represents the way of looking at things peculiar to that stage of human development.
		Lastly, we, while rejecting the individualist ideal of the great religions and returning to the social ideal of primitive man transformed and universalised as modern international scientific Socialism, have finally left animism behind us, whether in its earlier crude or its later refined form.
		Ethics are concerned with the rule of conduct in everyday life, while the word “religion” always has implied in addition a more far-reaching ideal of some kind or other even though in its earlier phases it may have been a more or less unconscious one.
	www.marxists.org /archive/bax/1901/09/letter-21-9.htm (345 words)

	[No title]
		Ancient ethics as ideal ethics It is significant that Kant’s historical allusions in his systematization of heteronomous moral principles are mainly to modern moral philosophers.
		From ideals to principles The superhuman and supernatural perfection of the ideal of holiness in the Gospel is for Kant the historical route that led to the modern conception of ethics as based on a principle rather than an ideal.
		The defect in every moral ideal is not only that it is represented as something empirically existing, which would always be defective, but even more fundamentally that it presupposes, and in a sense therefore conceals, the activity of reason which leads to the concept of perfection that the ideal is supposed to represent.
	www.stanford.edu /~allenw/webpapers/KantsHistory.doc (5198 words)

	Bowling Green State University
		Welcome to IDEAL the [Interactive Distance Education for All Learners] administrative center at Bowling Green State University.
		IDEAL was established to promote distance education and assist faculty and staff with the development and design of web-based and web-centric credit and noncredit courses for BGSU.
		IDEAL will be offering 3 Week Online Faculty Training Program in August.
	ideal.bgsu.edu (258 words)

	Studies in the History of Ethics: Allen W. Wood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The superhuman and supernatural perfection of the ideal of holiness in the Gospel is for Kant the historical route that led to the modern conception of ethics as based on a principle rather than an ideal.
		The defect in every moral ideal is not only that it is represented as something empirically existing, which would always be defective, but even more fundamentally that it presupposes, and yet at the same time also conceals, the activity of reason which leads to the concept of perfection that the ideal is supposed to represent.
		He saw the ideal ethics of antiquity as culminating in the Christian ideal of holiness, and this in turn as leading entirely beyond an ethics of ideals into the ethics of principles that characterizes the modern world.
	www.historyofethics.org /062005/062005Wood.html (6944 words)

	Christian ethics
		The moral ideal is that each person shall have the best life possible within the constraints posed by mutual self-realization.
		An ideal community would be made up of citizens devoted to a balance between individual self-fulfillment and the advancement of the common good.
		Excepting only those based on merit and natural ability, inequalities of power, wealth, and authority are legitimate only as pragmatic adjustments necessary to serve the larger and overriding ideal of a community of free and equal persons ruled by the quest of the best life possible for all.
	www.frontiernet.net /~kenc/ethics.htm (433 words)

	Page 186
		Accordingly, it is incorrect to regard dogmatics and ethics, the two components of sys tematic theology, as a section of historical theology.
		The peculiar bond between dogmatics and ethics must be judged by the relation in which the subjects of the two departments, the religious and moral elements of Christianity, stand to each other.
		Theological ethics is essentially different from philosophical ethics in that it does not seek to further general human knowledge for the q.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/encyc/encyc04/htm/0202=186.htm (728 words)

	"Medical Ethics" by William Ruddick
		Typically they portray ideal physicians as devoted to the welfare of patients and to advancement of the medical profession and medical knowledge, responding compassionately to the suffering of patients, humbly mindful of the limits of their curative powers and the harms they may unintentionally cause.
		Although still supported by religious texts and medical tradition, this ideal physician is increasingly criticized as "paternalistic," too willing to act on judgments of a patient's best interests without the patient's knowledge or consent.
		The Kantian ideal of persons as rational ends-in-themselves is hard to reconcile with the reality of patients whose mature judgment, sense of self and self-interests, and dignity are subverted by illness.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/philo/faculty/ruddick/papers/medethics.html (2118 words)

	Oedipus as Aristotle's Ideal Tragic Hero (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		He has, therefore, an inward happiness which cannot be shaken save by great and numerous outward calamities, and, moreover, he attains an adequate external prosperity, since, other things being equal, the most sensible people are the most successful, and misfortune is due, in large measure, to lack of knowledge or lack of prudence.
		Such is the ideal character, the man who is best fitted to attain happiness in the world of men.
		According to Aristotle, the man who attains perfect happiness in the world is the wise man who sees in all their aspects the facts or the forces with which he is dealing, and can balance and direct his own impulses in accordance with reason.
	academics.triton.edu /uc/barstow.html (1134 words)

	Amazon.com: The Virtue of Selfishness: Books: Ayn Rand,Nathaniel Branden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		"Ethics is _not_ a mystic fantasy--nor a social convention--nor a dispensable, subjective luxury.
		Ethics is an _objective necessity of man's survival_--not by the grace of the supernatural nor of your neighbors nor of your whims, but by the grace of reality and the nature of life."
		This conception of ethics as a _this-worldly, objective need of man determined by reality and not by some ruling consciousness_ is virtually unwarranted in the history of philosophy.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0451163931?v=glance (2586 words)

	ethics
		The Code of Ethics spells out what the club considers to be ideal conduct on the part of PREOSSIA breeders.
		Any member may petition for an exception by submitting a statement to the Ethics Committee describing the situation and why the member believes an exception to the Code of Ethics should be made.
		Any member of the Ethics Committee may elect to present the petition to the Voting Membership, the body that is the ultimate authority on the Code of Ethics.
	www.oldstylesiamese.com /ethics.html (4210 words)

	Slavoj Zizek - Slavoj Žižek - Kant and Sade: The Ideal Couple
		Of all the couples in the history of modern thought (Freud and Lacan, Marx and Lenin…), Kant and Sade is perhaps the most problematic: the statement "Kant is Sade" is the "infinite judgement" of modern ethics, positing the sign of equation between the two radical opposites, i.e.
		According to the standard pseudo-Hegelian critique, the Kantian universalist ethic of the categorical imperative fails to take into account the concrete historical situation in which the subject is embedded, and which provides the determinate content of the Good: what eludes Kantian formalism is the historically specified particular Substance of ethical life.
		So, at its most radical, Kantian ethics is NOT "sadist," but precisely what prohibits assuming the position of a Sadean executioner.
	www.egs.edu /faculty/zizek/zizek-kant-and-sade-the-ideal-couple.html (1852 words)

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