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Topic: Ideal gas equation

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Equation of state

Ideal gas

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	Gas - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The gas laws were discovered empirically—that is, scientists performed experiments, observed the behavior of gases, and came up with equations that fit that behavior.
		A gas that obeyed the ideal gas equation exactly under any conditions would be an ideal gas, but no actual gas perfectly conforms to the equation at all temperatures and pressures.
		The ideal gas equation assumes that particles are free to move anywhere within the volume (V) of a container, so this fraction of unavailable space around each particle requires an adjustment to that volume (V – b).
	encarta.msn.com /text_761576933___15/Gas.html (927 words)

	Environmental Protection Agency > Basic Concepts in Environmental Sciences > Module 2
		All inputs into the ideal gas law equation are the same for gases A and B except for the number of moles.
		All inputs into the ideal gas law equation are the same for gases A and B except for the pressure.
		All inputs into the ideal gas law equation are the same for gases A and B except for the temperature.
	www.epa.gov /eogapti1/module2/idealgas/pp_answer/p_answer.htm (622 words)

	Gas Laws and Kinetic Theory
		A gas is a substance that expands to fill its container and to attain the container’s shape, is highly compressible, and forms homogeneous mixtures with other gases.
		As the temperature of a gas decreases at constant pressure, the volume of the gas decreases.
		The density and molar mass of an ideal gas may be obtained by rearranging the ideal‑gas equation.
	members.aol.com /chemman41/gas_laws_and_kinetic_theory.htm (883 words)

	Ideal Gas Properties
		An ideal gas is a special case of a pure substance in the vapor phase.
		Since an ideal gas is a special case of a pure substance, the state is specified by giving the values of two properties.
		Of course, the P-v-T surface for an ideal gas is much simpler that that for the general case of a pure substance.
	gaia.ecs.csus.edu /~reardonf/thermhtm/idgas.htm (694 words)

	Gas - MSN Encarta
		Oxygen is perhaps the most familiar gas, since it occurs in the atmosphere and animals require it to survive.
		The gas is dissolved under pressure in flavored solutions to produce many kinds of carbonated beverages.
		Natural gas, used to power stoves, heating systems, clothes dryers, and hot-water heaters in many homes, is mostly composed of methane.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576933_4/Gas.html (1117 words)

	Chapter 10 Gas Laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The ideal gas equation is an empirical relationship which describes how an ideal gas behaves under a given set of conditions, but it does not explain why gases behave as they do.
		Effusion is the rate of escape of a gas particle through a tiny hole, as when a gas escapes from a balloon, and it depends on the molar mass of the gas.
		For an ideal gas the plot is a constant.
	intro.chem.okstate.edu /1314F97/Chapter10/Fri1212971.html (1302 words)

	Ideal gas law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas.
		The ideal gas law is the most accurate for monatomic gases and is favored at high temperatures and low pressures.
		The ideal gas law can also be derived from first principles using the kinetic theory of gases, if the molecules are assumed to be hard spheres.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ideal_gas_law (398 words)

	Chapter 10, Section 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In general, the deviations from ideal behavior increase as temperature decreases, becoming significant near the temperature at which the gas is converted into a liquid.
		Van der Waals recognized that, for a real gas, this expression would have to be corrected for the two effects discussed here: the finite volume occupied by the gas molecules, and the attractive forces between the gas molecules.
		If 1.000 mol of an ideal gas were confined to 22.41 L at 0.0°C, it would exert a pressure of 1.000 atm.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/blb/chapter10/medialib/blb1009.html (1246 words)

	Ideal-gas Equation
		Using n to represent the number of moles (molecular weight in grams), both volume and pressure are proportional to the number of moles of gas at constant temperature.
		It is common practice in handling gaseous reactants to measure the amount (moles) by enclosing the gas sample in a known volume and measuring the pressure and temperature.
		For further refinement of the ideal gas equation see the van der Waals equation.
	www.tannerm.com /ideal.htm (478 words)

	Ideal gas law Summary
		An ideal gas is one in which all collisions between molecules or atoms are perfectly elastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive or repulsive forces.
		The gas constant arises from a combination of the proportionality constants in the three empirical gas laws and has a value that depends only upon the units in which the pressure and volume are measured.
		The ideal gas law is the equation of state of an ideal gas.
	www.bookrags.com /Ideal_gas_law (647 words)

	frame
		In this equation, R is a proportionality constant known as the ideal gas constant and T is the absolute temperature.
		The ideal gas equation can be used to predict the value of any one of the variables that describe a gas from known values of the other three.
		Gas law problems often ask you to predict what happens when one or more changes are made in the variables that describe the gas.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/ch4/3frame.html (2796 words)

	Chem1 Properties of gases: Real Gases
		In this unit we will see why this occurs, what the consequences are, and how we might modify the ideal gas equation of state to extend its usefulness over a greater range of temperatures and pressures.
		Instead of the gas being compressed, it is replaced with the far more compact liquid as the gas is essentially being "squeezed" into its liquid phase.
		Various general equations of state have been devised in which adjustable constants are used to approximate the behavior of a particular gas.
	www.chem1.com /acad/webtext/gas/gas_6.html (2230 words)

	Ideal Gases
		The idela gas equation is actaully a combination of several different gas laws.
		A real gas would behave somewhat differently, and--if the awful truth is known--even some ideal gases deviate a little bit (cardon dioxide, for example, bucks the law and occupies 22.3L just to be different), but if such differences exist, they are small and can be safely ignored by a general chemistry student.
		Example: 1.12 moles of neon gas are placed in a 5.0L vessel, and the pressure is measured to be 749 torr.
	scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu /bg/ideal.html (1592 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		deal gas equation (ideal gas law or perfect gas equation or perfect gas law or equation of state for an ideal gas) - PV = nRT where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, T is the absolute temperature and R is the gas constant.
		The equation is an encapsulation of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Avogadro's law.
		All gases are "real" - they deviate from the ideal gas law due to the existence of intermolecular forces and the finite volume of the gas molecules.
	www.sunderland.ac.uk /~hs0bcl/gg/ideal_gas_equation.htm (137 words)

	Ideal Gas Law
		In perfect or ideal gas the change in density is directly related to the change of temperature and pressure as expressed by the Ideal Gas Law.
		The Individual Gas Constant - R - depends on the particular gas and is related to the molecular weight of the gas.
		Gas Mixture Properties Special care must be taken for gas mixtures when using the ideal gas law, calculating the mass, the individual gas constant or the density
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /ideal-gas-law-d_157.html (562 words)

	Gas Laws: Ideal Gas Law and the Gas Constant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		For a constant amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
		The molar concentration, C, of a gas is defined to be C = n/V.
		In effect, the pressure of the gas should be directly proportional to both the molar concentration and the temperature.
	www.chm.davidson.edu /ChemistryApplets/GasLaws/GasConstant.html (306 words)

	Ideal Gas Law with Density
		The Ideal Gas Law is an equation of state for a gas, which describes the relationships among the four variables temperature (T), pressure (P), volume (V), and moles of gas (n).
		One modified form of the Ideal Gas equation is to involve the density (d) and molecular weight (M) instead of volume (V) and moles (n).
		This module is to compute any one of the four variables of a gas in the known other three according to the Gas Law equation.
	www.molecularsoft.com /data/help/Gas_Laws-Ideal_Gas_with_Density.htm (588 words)

	Equation of State
		If we divide both sides of the general equation by the mass of the gas, the volume becomes the specific volume, which is the inverse of the gas density.
		The value of the new constant depends on the type of gas as opposed to the universal gas constant, which is the same for all gases.
		The value of the equation of state for air is given on the slide as.286 kilo Joule per kilogram per Kelvin.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/eqstat.html (605 words)

	411A: M2, U9, P3 : Ideal Gas Equation
		Since gas pressure is the result from collisions between gas particles and surfaces, anything that increases the number of collisions per unit of time will increase pressure.
		The value of the Universal Gas Constant depends on the units used for the remainder of the terms in the ideal gas equation.
		A simple restatement of this equation, assuming that n, the number of moles of the gas remain constant, makes it possible to calculate P, V or T even when external conditions are changing.
	www.shodor.org /os411/courses/411a/module02/unit09/page03.html (321 words)

	Ideal Gases
		At a given temperature and volume, the total pressure of a gas sample is determined by the total number of moles of gas present, whether this represents a single substance, or a mixture, as long as the mixture may be approximated as an ideal gas.
		For a gas that is approximately ideal, the number of moles of the gas sample is related to its pressure (p), volume (V) and temperature (T) only, regardless of its chemical identity.
		The volume of gas collected is measured by adjustment of the the beaker so that the water level in the beaker is the same as in the pan.
	itl.chem.ufl.edu /2045/lectures/lec_bc.html (1434 words)

	Ideal Gas: Equation Of State in Diatomic Gases: still valid? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Recall the "properties of an ideal gas:" no intermolecular potential; means non-interacting particles; means no translational coupling with rotational or vibrational energies; there are no restrictions regarding angular moments, degrees of freedom within molecules, or couplings among intra-molecular degrees of freedom.
		The internal degrees of freedom have no effect on the pressure equation for an ideal gas, which is natural since the pressure is due to momentum transferred to the wall by the rebounding particles and only center of mass momentum is involved in that transfer.
		Since T is a (statistical) measure of the total kinetic energy of the gas molecules, this would mean that the ratio of translational energy to T changes with temperature.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=1078200 (1538 words)

	Chem1 Properties of gases: the basic gas laws
		In an industrial process, a gas confined to a volume of 1 L at a pressure of 20 atm is allowed to flow into a 12-L container by opening the valve that connects the two containers.
		If a gas contracts by 1/273 of its volume for each degree of cooling, it should contract to zero volume at a temperature of –273°C. This, of course, is the absolute zero of temperature, and this extrapolation of Charles' law is the first evidence of the special significance of this temperature.
		An ideal gas is defined as a hypothetical substance that obeys the ideal gas equation of state.
	www.chem1.com /acad/webtext/gas/gas_2.html (1794 words)

	The Ideal Gas Equation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This equation is known as the ideal-gas equation
		An "ideal gas" is one whose physical behavior is accurately described by the ideal-gas equation
		The pressure of the gas in the flask is 2.8 atmospheres and the temperature is recorded to be 53.6 °C. How many moles of O
	wine1.sb.fsu.edu /chm1045/notes/Gases/IdealGas/Gases04.htm (440 words)

	Real Gases
		To correct for the effect of finite molecular volume, we must recognize that in the ideal gas equation the volume used is the "free volume" that the molecules find themselves in.
		Use the van der Waals equation to calculate the pressure of a sample of 1.0000 mol of oxygen gas in a 22.415 L vessel at 0.0000°C (Note: For an ideal gas, this temperature and volume would lead to conditions of STP, i.e.
		Here is a calculator for the numerical evaluation of ideal and real gas equations of state.
	itl.chem.ufl.edu /2045/lectures/lec_e.html (825 words)

	RMP Lecture Notes
		In this equation, the b term is a volume correction, while the a is a molecular interaction parameter.
		The ideal gas equation is very easy to use, but of questionable accuracy for many cases.
		Most gas properties depend on composition, but according to the "Law of Corresponding States" a few properties are the same for all gases when expressed in terms of deviation from the critical point.
	www.cbu.edu /~rprice/lectures/realgas.html (1161 words)

	Ideal Gas Law Application (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Since the universal Gas Law constant, R, is involved in the computation of these kinds of problems, then the value of R will set the units for the variables.
		Use the Ideal Gas Law Equation to solve Gas stoichiometry problems involving conversion of moles of gas to volume or the conversion of a given volume of a gas sample under a stated temperature and pressure to moles or mass of another component in the process under a stated temperature and pressure.
		Use of Ideal Gas Law Equation to determine the density of a gas.
	members.aol.com /profchm/idealgas.html (544 words)

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