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Topic: Identical twin

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	Twin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Identical twins have identical DNA but differing environmental influences throughout their lives affect which genes are switched on or off.
		Twin studies are studies that assess identical (monozygotic) twins for medical, genetic, or psychological characteristics to try to isolate genetic influence from environmental influence.
		Twins that have been separated early in life and raised in separate households are especially sought-after for these studies, which have been invaluable in the exploration of human nature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Identical_twin (1684 words)

	Talk:Twin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Well, as I understand it, the first part is right, identical twins are thought to be random on the basis of studies (and there is a proven genetic component in the incidence of non-identical twins).
		And your thoughts are about right - identical twins arise from spontaneous splitting of a fertilised egg, which is thought to be pretty random, whereas non-identical twins arise from releasing multiple eggs, and this seems to run in families (presuambly there is an inherited hormonal component).
		Identical twins are less likely to be hereditory because having the zygote to split in two can be a very random thing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Twin (2757 words)

	Identical Twin Studies and Evolutionary Psychology
		Twin studies are widely used in evolutionary psychology as evidence of genetic determination in behaviour.
		But identical twins separated at birth are often placed with a relative or someone approved by the mother, who is like-minded or shares the same belief systems.
		In summary, the similarity between identical twins separated at birth can be easily explained by the mechanisms of foetal learning, a desire for bonding and soul mating (leads to mimicry), and predictable learning induced by the similarity of environment and bodily structure.
	drbeetle.homestead.com /twins.html (1492 words)

	NIDA NOTES - Twin Studies Help Define the Role of Genes in Vulnerability to Drug Abuse
		In twin studies, researchers interview both members of identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twin pairs, who typically are exposed to common environmental influences.
		Percentages of pairs in which both twins used, abused, or were dependent on marijuana or cocaine were higher in identical twins than in fraternal twins.
		For cocaine use, concordance was 54 percent in identical twins and 42 percent in fraternal twins; for abuse, 47 percent in identical twins and 8 percent in fraternal twins; and for dependence, 35 percent in identical twins and zero for fraternal twins.
	www.nida.nih.gov /NIDA_Notes/NNVol14N4/Twins.html (1110 words)

	USATODAY.com - Identical twins complicate use of DNA testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a circumstance that is becoming increasingly common, identical twins have been matched through DNA to a single crime that only one man could have committed.
		Identical twins are formed from the same fertilized egg and are thought to be the only people with virtually identical genetic profiles.
		In the cases in England and Virginia, one twin was incarcerated at the time of the offense, indicating that the second twin was the offender.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2004-06-03-twins-dna_x.htm (678 words)

	Twin Telepathy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In another studio well out of sight or earshot, his identical twin brother Damien was wired up to a four-channel polygraph (lie-detector) which, under the expert supervision of polygrapher Jeremy Barrett, was monitoring his respiration, abdominal muscles, pulse and galvanic skin response (sweat on the hands).
		In her imaginary experiment, a man is pushed downstairs in London and breaks a leg, while his twin thousands of miles away also falls and breaks a leg although nobody has pushed him.
		Of these, it is the twins who pick up the signal at full strength most often, provided that they are in the right states of mind and they send out the right kind of message.
	www.dprogram.com /twin_telepathy.html (1437 words)

	Proactive Genetics, Inc. - FAQ - Twin and Triplet Zygosity
		Is having twins affected by heredity or is the twins gene, sex-linked or autosomal?
		Fraternal twins do not have identical DNA but will have half of their DNA in common, just like siblings of the same parents that are born at different times.
		Mirror image twins are identical twins that result when a fertilized egg splits later in the embryonic stage than usual, typically from day 9 to 12.
	www.proactivegenetics.com /faqzygosity.dna (987 words)

	Raising identical twin girls (most recent entries)
		While the twins were eating the fruit, the twins said their friends at school told them that papaya would make their boobs big.
		Daddy worked late, but the twins were allowed to stay up a little late for daddy because of their long nap in the afternoon.
		While the twins were in class, mommy waited in the car and watched her Korean drama series on the newly bought portable DVD player.
	cp_lai.tripod.com /recent.htm (4721 words)

	UMN Dept of Psychology: Labs: MTFS
		An MZ twin reared away from his or her co-twin seems to have about as good a chance of being similar to the co-twin in terms of personality, interests, and attitudes as one who has been reared with his or her co-twin.
		As DZ (fraternal) twins get older, as they leave their rearing home, marry, start careers and families, and develop their own circle of friends, they become less similar with respect to vocabularies and arithmetic scores.
		Since identical (MZ) twins share all of their genes, and fraternal (DZ) twins share about 50% of their genes, we can estimate how much genes influence states of arousal by determining how similar EEG is for members of the two types of twin pairs.
	www.psych.umn.edu /psylabs/mtfs/special.htm (1698 words)

	Raising identical twin girls (85th month)
		The twins were so embarrassed that they refused to go into the party for they were the only kids in swimming suits.
		At bedtime, the twins were not really enthusiastic because we have been reading about US history for the past few days.
		When they were tired, the twins went to bed on their own without bothering us.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/cp_lai/month85.htm (6261 words)

	About Twins and Premature Babies
		On average, twins are born 5 lb 5 oz., average weight of singleton babies is 7 lb 7 oz..
		One of the twin embryos is rejected by the mother's body and is absorbed back into the mother's tissue within the first few weeks of conception.
		Marlene and Jann (twin with twin daughters in South Africa).
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Acres/4307/twin.htm (865 words)

	Raising identical twin girls (88th month)
		Mommy suggested the twins to bring out their babies (stuffed animals and dolls) in front of the white board and teach their babies what they learned in school.
		The twins didn't want mommy to see what they wrote, but mommy insisted to read their writing before they turned it in to the teacher.
		The twins were glad when mommy told them she was meeting daddy for lunch.
	www.geocities.com /cplai/month88.htm (6402 words)

	The Amazing Caplan Twins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On average, twins are born after just 36 weeks, which comes out to 1-2 more sonograms before they make their big entry.
		It used to be a 1/14 probability of identical male twins, 1/14 identical females, 3/14 probability of two male fraternals, 3/14 probability of two female fraternals, and 3/7 chance of opposite-sex fraternals.
		Twin B, on the other hand, is somewhat on the shy side - hiding behind Twin A. So the picture is a little hazy.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/caplantwins.htm (1323 words)

	Twin Bulletin Board: My identical twin's boyfriend.
		Twins Chat is our international bulletin board dedicated to the support, education, enrichment and well-being of twins, multiples and parents of multiples worldwide.
		They have been dating for a year, and my husband, her boyfriend and of course my twin are all moving in a couple of months.
		I know this is the man that my twin is going to marry, and I would not expect her to stay with me if this issue did come up.
	www.twinsworld.com /ubbcgi/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic&f=19&t=000018 (395 words)

	Facelifts, twins, and plastic surgery
		Aware that most identical twins prefer to look alike, Antell, 47, began offering matching facelifts last fall to twins who, due to external factors such as accidents, smoking or sun exposure, had lost some of their resemblance to each other.
		Antell says that because identical twins — who develop from a single fertilized egg, unlike fraternal twins, who start life as two separately fertilized eggs —; have identical genes, they offer a rare opportunity to study how environmental factors affect aging in general and cosmetic surgery in particular.
		Given his interests, he explains, it was only a matter of time before he would embark on a study of plastic surgery on twins.
	www.antell-md.com /people.html (764 words)

	Twin studies and homosexuality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fraternal twins, from different eggs, are as genetically close as any other siblings—about a 50 percent match.
		Identical or fraternal, they are treated by others as a unit in the way that other siblings are not.
		Among the identical twins, 52 percent of the brothers were gay.
	www.worldpolicy.org /globalrights/sexorient/twins.html (844 words)

	12/10/97 - Is diabetes hereditary? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are two types of diabetes, one that starts when people are young (1 in 200 people have this type of diabetes) and another that starts when people are older, usually over 40 (1 in 10 people will develop this type of diabetes at some point in their lives).
		Studies of identical twins have revealed that diabetes is, in part, hereditary.
		If one identical twin becomes diabetic, the other twin is at increased risk of developing the disease.
	www.pa.msu.edu /~sciencet/ask_st/121097.html (255 words)

	4Forums.com - It appears there is no "gay gene". Identical Twin studies refute "gay gene" theory. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The twin studies showed that homosexuality proves to be no different from such unrelated behaviors as violence, being extroverted, or getting divorced.
		Such studies are possibly biased by the nature of twins who volunteer, but even so, if one identical twin was homosexual, only about half the time was the co-twin concordant(i.e.
		Identical twin studies show that neither genetic nor family factors are overwhelming.
	www.4forums.com /political/showthread.php?t=2027 (4422 words)

	Raising identical twins
		This journal will be identical at all three sites, though access to Geocities may be blocked when it got too popular.
		You can find out how it feels to be parents of identical twins by reading about what we have gone through.
		If the twins are interested when they grow up, they may choose to read this journal before having children of their own.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/cp_lai/babies.htm (503 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The only surefire way to determine if twins are identical is through DNA testing.
		DNA is easily obtained from a cheek swab of each twin and returned to a genetic-testing lab for analysis.
		I have a set of twins and would like to know if they are fraternal or identical.
	www.twinsnetwork.com /pages/DNAtest.html (687 words)

	Identification of genes modulated in multiple myeloma using genetically identical twin samples -- Munshi et al. 103 ...
		Cell lysates from patient MM cells and normal twin PCs following PCR amplification were electrophoresed on 12% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel and stained with SYBR green I. Telomerase activity is determined by the ratio of the entire telomerase ladder to that of the internal control using densitometric analysis.
		BM angiogenesis was intermediate and increased to 7 microvessels
		Cell lysates were prepared from MM cells and normal twin PCs, resolved by 10% SDS-PAGE, transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes, and then probed with (A) anti–hsp 70 and anti-actin Abs; or (B) anti-CDC34 and anti-actin Abs.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/103/5/1799 (5072 words)

	BirthStories.Com: Unexpected Identical Twin Girl Pregnancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		My husband and I rushed to the hospital for a stat ultrasound only to discover then and there that we were having twins.
		My twin gestation period only went to 34 weeks.
		Twin A weighed 4 pounds, 2 ounces and Twin B weighed 4 pounds, 9 ounces.
	www.birthstories.com /stories/4034.htm (269 words)

	►►identical twin studies
		Determine once and for all if you or your twins are really identical.
		identical twin - either of two twins developed from the same fertilized ovum monozygotic twin, monozygous twin conjoined twin, Siamese twin - one of a pair of identical twins born
		DNA testing determines if twins are either fraternal or identical.
	www.brainstalk.com /identical_twin_studies.htm (116 words)

	ABC News: Identical Twin Brothers Could Lead Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The identical twins first entered the spotlight as child actors playing a pair of rascals who mend their naughty ways.
		Now, the Kaczynski brothers are promising to solve the nation's problems with a return to clean government and traditional morality.
		That twins are in the running for the positions is one of the quirks of an election year that will culminate in general elections Sept. 25 and presidential balloting in October.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=844980 (470 words)

	BirthStories.Com: Identical Twin Boys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The consultant said that was not always the case, but given that I was carrying twins, the likelihood was that another C-section would be performed.
		I had been warned that twins often come early, so I was ready for action when 32 weeks came.
		They are identical still and they and their older sister are joys in my life.
	birthstories.com /stories/2898.htm (396 words)

	Identical-Twin Bone Marrow Transplants for Leukemia -- Gale et al. 120 (8): 646 -- Annals of Internal Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		of leukemia-free survival in twins was 59% (CI, 42% to 76%)
		transplants from identical twins have an increase in relapse
		Effect of nucleated marrow cell dose on relapse and survival in identical twin bone marrow transplants for leukemia
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/120/8/646 (3765 words)

	Home pages of CP Lai & identical twins
		I record the progress of our identical twin daughters in a journal format.
		Read about what we've gone through in raising our identical twin baby daughters.
		Follow the links to many other twin resources and sites of identical twins.
	cp_lai.tripod.com (219 words)

	Why is there a 5% difference in identical twin fingerprints?
		The mad scientist archives are contradictory when asked about identical twins and their occurrence of identical fingerprints.
		One speculation I have heard is the direction and position of each fetus is a determinant.
		Re: Why is there a 5% difference in identical twin fingerprints?
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/1999-09/936439310.Dv.q.html (129 words)

	Duane's Syndrome in 1 Identical Twin Girl
		In Reply to: Duane's Syndrome in 1 Identical Twin Girl posted by Johnnie M. on April 08, 1997 at 09:09:02:
		In your particular instance the fact that you are a dizygotic (fraternal) twin makes you genetically quite different.
		in monozgotic twins who share the same gentic make up, one twin make have the syndroem wheras the other maybe normal.
	www.medhelp.org /perl6/neuro/archive/56.html (681 words)

	CBC News:Mare gives birth to her identical twin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Unlike the U.S. effort, the Italian clone was born to a mare who was also the source of her DNA.
		That makes the mother and the foal identical twins.
		Cesare Galli, director of the Laboratory of Reproductive Technology in Cremona, Italy, and his colleagues report the cloning details in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.
	www.cbc.ca /stories/2003/08/06/horse_clone030806 (327 words)

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