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	Identity of indiscernibles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The identity of indiscernibles is an ontological principle that states that if there is no way of telling two entities apart then they are one and the same entity.
		In the language of the predicate calculus, the identity of indiscernibles may be written as
		One famous application of the identity of indiscernibles was by René Descartes in his Meditations on First Philosophy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Identity_of_indiscernibles (394 words)

	Multiple realisability - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The identity theory is the theory that the mind is the brain.
		This is the principal of Identity of indiscernibles.
		As a result of this problem of multiple realisability, a lot of attention in the field of philosophy of mind shifted away from the Identity theory, and toward the theory of functionalism, which does not have a problem with multiple realisability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiple_realisability (225 words)

	Identity
		Geach's thesis of the sortal relativity of identity thus neither entails nor is entailed by his thesis of the inexpressibility of identity.
		In this case the criterion of identity for Fs is not stated as a relation between entities distinct from Fs and the criterion of identity cannot plausibly be thought of as determining the criterion of application.
		Not all criteria of identity can be two-level (on pain of infinite regress), and it is tempting to think that the distinction between objects for which a two-level criterion is appropriate and those for which a one-level criterion is appropriate coincides with that between abstract and concrete objects.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/identity (7956 words)

	Substance theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		That is, to the critic it is not only physically impossible to encounter a bare particular without properties, but the very notion of a thing without properties is so strange that she cannot even form such a notion.
		The identity of indiscernibles says that any concrete particular that is numerically different from another must have its own qualitive properties, or attributes.
		The indiscernibles argument then asserts that the identity of indiscernibles is false.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Substance_theory (1488 words)

	Identity Theories: Entry
		The identity thesis is a contingent proposition i.e.
		An identity statement is a statement which is either of this form or reduces to this form by the process of mathematical substitution.
		In contrast to identity statements of the Leibnizian variety such statements are typically contingent both in the sense that it is not contradictory to suppose them to be false and in the sense that they just happen to be true.
	host.uniroma3.it /progetti/kant/field/mbit.htm (7115 words)

	The Identity of Indiscernibles
		The Identity of Indiscernibles is a principle of analytic ontology first explicitly formulated by Wilhelm Gottfried Leibniz in his Discourse on Metaphysics, Section 9 (Loemker 1969: 308).
		The Identity of Indiscernibles is of interest because it raises questions about the factors which individuate qualitatively identical objects.
		The Identity of Indiscernibles (hereafter called the Principle) is usually formulated as follows: if, for every property F, object x has F if and only if object y has F, then x is identical to y.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/identity-indiscernible (2707 words)

	CryoNet Mailing List Messages 14200 - 14299
		#14207 Re: CryoNet #14193 Identity Of Indiscernibles [Azt28] (2246 Bytes)
		#14233 Re: Identity Of Indiscernibles [Azt28] (2027 Bytes)
		#14250 Re: Identity Of Indiscernibles [Azt28] (2020 Bytes)
	www11.pair.com /kqb/0001142.html (656 words)

	identity matrix - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about identity matrix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Matrix which is the identity for multiplication in a family of matrices.
		Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /identity+matrix (98 words)

	identity of indiscernibles - Britannica Concise
		identity theory - In the philosophy of mind, the doctrine that mental events are identical to physico-chemical events in the brain.
		identity theory - in philosophy, one view of modern Materialism that asserts that mind and matter, however capable of being logically distinguished, are in actuality but different expressions of a single reality that is material.
		Spotlight: The New Caribbean Basin Identity - Traditionally, the English-speaking islands in the Caribbean Sea, the Spanish-speaking countries in Central America and northern South America, and the remnants of the Dutch and French empires in the region have gone their separate political and economic ways.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9367773 (605 words)

	Directory - Society: Philosophy: Philosophy of Logic: Identity
		The Identity of Indiscernibles · Entry by Peter Forrest in the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.
		Quantum Mechanics and the Identity of Indiscernibles · Essay by Allan Randall, relating Leibinz's criterion to Everett's possible worlds semantics of quantum mechanics.
		Relative Identity · The view that there are objects which are the same F yet not the same G; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Harry Deutsch.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=287332 (131 words)

	How existence of God infers from principle of sufficient reason - IIDB
		Quite apart from your conflation of the law of identity and the identity of indiscernibles (which are, ironically, two totally different things), there is no reason at all to suppose that (1) is true.
		Since this appears to be an attempt to prove the principle of sufficient reason rather than an attempt to prove the existence of God from the principle of sufficient reason, it is oddly titled.
		In the case of the identity principle, one of the most surprising discoveries in quantum physics is that nature violates this principle shamelessly.
	www.iidb.org /vbb/showthread.php?t=42983 (2728 words)

	Identity: Some General Considerations
		Numerical identity I shall take to be the identity of particulars, where a particular is simply something which is not a universal and, therefore, not susceptible of multiple exemplification.
		Identity (=) is often characterized in terms of satisfying the three conditions, symmetry, transitivity, and reflexivity.
		That is, if it is unique, it is only contingently so, and even if the principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles holds in fact, it does not do so as a logically necessary condition upon the ascription of identity.
	personal.bgsu.edu /~roberth/iden.htm (3403 words)

	Identification and Identity
		For, once it is established that the identity, if true, is necessarily true, Kripke argues that the type identity theorist owes the world an explanation for the apparent contingency of the identity (an aspect of the identity that Smart certainly cannot deny).
		However, if the identity statement ‘Plutonium is the most lethal poison known to man’ is genuinely analogous to ‘Brain process type A is mental process type A’, then, if we designate ‘Brain process type A’ as a fixed reference, then ‘mental process type A’ would be a physically contingent property of ‘Brain process type A’.
		For if the identities are between two rigid designators then they, and the type identity theory as a whole, falls prey to Kripke’s two-part thesis.
	www.sfu.ca /~nicolea/papers/Identification_and_Identity.htm (2296 words)

	Aporia - Property-Indexing and "Problems" of Identity - Schwenkler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The second law, the principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles, is an inference of the first.
		According to the principle of the Indiscernibility of Identicals, then, it follows that the sitting object and the standing object are not identical.
		This recognition enables us to understand the Principles of the Identity of Indiscernibles and the Indiscernibility of Identicals in such a way that they are not too rigid to allow objects to change over time or across worlds, and yet maintain their identity.
	humanities.byu.edu /philosophy/aporia/volumes/vol122/Schwenkler.html (2327 words)

	Oliver Pooley, Oxford Philosophy
		A. Cortes, "Leibniz's Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles: A False Principle", Philosophy of Science 43 (1976): 491-505.
		S. French and M. Redhead, "Quantum Physics and the Identity of Indiscernibles", British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 39 (1988): 233-46.
		M. Massimi, "Exclusion Principle and the Identity of Indiscernibles: a Response to Margenau's Argument", British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 52 (2001): 303-30.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~ball0402/teaching/app.html (1470 words)

	Trexle - Identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Identity of Indiscernibles - Entry by Peter Forrest in the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.
		Quantum Mechanics and the Identity of Indiscernibles - Essay by Allan Randall, relating Leibinz's criterion to Everett's possible worlds semantics of quantum mechanics.
		Relative Identity - The view that there are objects which are the same F yet not the same G; from the Stanford Encyclopedia by Harry Deutsch.
	www.trexle.com /Directory/Top/Society/Philosophy/Philosophy_of_Logic/Identity (129 words)

	6IofI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Identity of Indiscernibles: if two things agree in all their properties, they are identical.
		Both spheres in W (where they are indiscernible) have the property of possibly having a spot of rust on it.
		This minimally requires that there should be a universe containing two globes which are almost indiscernible, but one has a spot of rust on it.
	www.ceu.hu /phil/farkas/6II.htm (1075 words)

	Medieval Theories of Haecceity
		The indiscernibility of identicals is a principle governing substances, not their properties, and it states that identical substances have the same properties, not that the properties of one substance are indiscernible one from another.
		This identity is presumably something very like the relation of compresence found in Russell and others, though unlike compresence, real identity is not only symmetrical but also transitive (see Tweedale [1999], 2:463-464).
		Scotus's inclination is to restrict the indiscernibility of identicals to the domain of individual substances.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/win2003/entries/medieval-haecceity (9554 words)

	Leibniz: The Monadology
		This is the principle of the identity of indiscernibles.
		For example, the identity of indiscernibles was defended by the principle of sufficient reason.
		His reason for the identity of indiscernibles was that if two objects are in fact exactly alike, and one was created rather than the other, given that there is no difference between them there could be no reason God should choose one over the other.
	www.angelhaunt.net /leibniz/monadology.html (1968 words)

	Identity of indiscernibles: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The identity of indiscernibles, also known as Leibniz's Law, is an ontological (ontological: :this article discusses ontology in philosophy....
		In predicate calculus (predicate calculus: A system of symbolic logic that represents individuals and predicates and quantification over individuals (as well as the relations between propositions)), the identity of indiscernibles may be written as
		Descartes concluded that he could not doubt the existence of himself (the famous cogito ergo sum (cogito ergo sum: more facts about this subject) argument), but that he could doubt the existence of his body.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/identity_of_indiscernibles (455 words)

	Particulars
		The Identity of Indiscernibles is one of two principles about identity associated with Leibniz.
		The Identity of Indiscernibles is the converse of this: the view that, if x and y have all the same properties, then they are identical.
		The sixth objection is that if the bundle theory were true, then the identity of indiscernibles would be a necessary truth.
	www.trinity.edu /cbrown/metaphysics/particulars.html (477 words)

	Montréal NE
		Twin-Consciousness and the Identity of Indiscernibles in Leibniz's Nouveaux Essais.
		Famously, in the years of the Discours de Métaphysique Leibniz derives the principle of the identity of indiscernibles from his theory of complete concepts.
		Almost equally famously, in the correspondence with Clarke he deduces the principle from the validity of the principle of sufficient reason for the actions of God.
	www.bib.umontreal.ca /colloqueNE/communications/Blank.html (305 words)

	Exclusion Principle and the Identity of Indiscernibles: a Response to Margenau's Argument -- Massimi 52 (2): 303 -- The ...
		Exclusion Principle and the Identity of Indiscernibles: a Response to Margenau's Argument -- Massimi 52 (2): 303 -- The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
		Exclusion Principle and the Identity of Indiscernibles: a Response to Margenau's Argument
		Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles (PII) for fermions
	bjps.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/52/2/303 (289 words)

	Quarticles and the Identity of Indiscernibles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The principle of the identity of indiscernibles (PII) states that if two systems are qualitatively identical then they are logically identical.
		French and Redhead (1988) and Butterfield (1993) have shown the sense in which bosons and fermions violate the PII, but did not investigate the issue for particles of other kinds of statistics: i.e., for the (p,q) particles -- or `quarticles' -- of Hartle, Stolt and Taylor (1970).
		The updated version corrects a minor statement of mathematical fact, and provides a short proof for a conjecture made in the original, showing that the identity of indiscernibles is equivalent to (anti)symmetrization.
	www.cs.odu.edu /~melmilig/maktbaelectroneya/xmlfiles/00001875.xml (100 words)

	OMG! - GTA-SanAndreas.com Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nevertheless, such objects are indistinguishable in a sense which leads to the violation of Leibniz's famous Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles.
		This has immediate implications for Leibniz's Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles which, expressed crudely, insists that two things which are indiscernible, must be, in fact, identical.
		On this understanding, the Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles is actually false.
	www.gta-sanandreas.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=35793 (10324 words)

	Self identity \| Jef's web files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although dumbed down for popular consumption, it did touch upon many of the issues of identity, consciousness and the limits of science as intended by Stanislaw Lem in his 1961 novel later made into a 1972 movie and this 2002 remake.
		That is the nature of things, against which we fortify ourselves through the misapprehension of grasping an unchanging identity which is at variance with the way things really are and thus invariably produces suffering.
		To understand this deeply in a way which truly leads to the cessation of grasping after all fixed identities is to destroy completely the very forces which lead to continued embodiment, rebirth into suffering.
	www.jefallbright.net /self?from=47 (1660 words)

	Monadology lecture
		The identity of indiscernibles says that we cannot have two different objects that have the same CIC.
		argues for the principle of identity of indiscernibles on the basis of the Principle of Sufficient Reason.
		People who don’t believe in indiscernibles tend to think this is a meaningful assumption, and they tend to think that things would be different if one swapped the two spheres.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/ap85/471/mon5.html (2275 words)

	Identity of Indiscernibles
		Remember that the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles is properly treated as a corollary to Parmenides' Principle.
		And, basing the Identity of Indiscernibles on Parmenides' Principle, we conclude that the two bats are actually one.
		The Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles, then, is an application of Parmenides' more general Principle that all-there-is is form (that which is there for speaking and thinking of).
	www.elea.org /Indiscernibles (8555 words)

	Bibliography: Person, Self, Personal Identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ayer, A. "The Identity of Indiscernibles," Proceedings of the XIth International Congress of Philosophy 1; reprinted in Ayer's Philosophical Essays.
		Conditions of identity : a study in identity and survival.
		Electronic Bibliography: Personal Identity and Philosophy of Mind--this is an internet site with a comprehensive bibliography on the philosophy of mind.
	www.philosophy.ucf.edu /mind.html (4559 words)

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