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Topic: Theories of identity

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	Identity Theories: Entry
		Nevertheless a quarter of a century was to elapse between the original statement of the mind-brain identity theory in the 1930's and its acceptance as a defensible philosophical position in the late 1950's.
		The identity thesis is a contingent proposition i.e.
		In contrast to identity statements of the Leibnizian variety such statements are typically contingent both in the sense that it is not contradictory to suppose them to be false and in the sense that they just happen to be true.
	host.uniroma3.it /progetti/kant/field/mbit.htm (7115 words)

	Identity Theory [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		A family of views on the relationship between mind and body, Type Identity theories hold that at least some types (or kinds, or classes) of mental states are, as a matter of contingent fact, literally identical with some types (or kinds, or classes) of brain states.
		Token Identity theories hold that every concrete particular falling under a mental kind can be identified with some physical (perhaps neurophysiological) happening or other: instances of pain, for example, are taken to be not only instances of a mental state (e.g., pain), but instances of some physical state as well (say, c-fiber excitation).
		So the Identity Theory, taken as a theory of types rather than tokens, must make some claim to the effect that mental states such as pain (and not just individual instances of pain) are contingently identical with--and therefore theoretically reducible to--physical states such as c-fiber excitation.
	www.iep.utm.edu /i/identity.htm (2841 words)

	The Identity Theory of Mind (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The identity theory of mind holds that states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain.
		In taking the identity theory (in its various forms) as a species of physicalism, I should say that this is an ontological, not a translational physicalism.
		The identity theorist could say that on any occasion this fuzziness is matched by the fuzziness of the brain state that constitutes the belief or desire.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/mind-identity (8268 words)

	The collectivistic nature of ethnic identity development among Asian-American college students Adolescence - Find ...
		Acculturation theories focus on how an individual relates to the dominant or host society, arguing that a unified ethnic identity results from the individual's commitment to, or separation from, his or her ethnic ties (Makabe, 1979; Ullah, 1985).
		Finally, social identity theory asserts that ethnic identity is influenced by the social context and that the ethnic individual develops an identity from his or her own group as well as from the "countergroup" (White & Burke, 1987).
		However, ethnic identity must be considered within a specific social context since the contrast an individual experiences between his or her culture of origin and the dominant culture will significantly affect the self.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2248/is_n123_v31/ai_18771979 (805 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - Identity Theory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The version of physicalism that gained ground in the middle of this century was in the first place committed to the identity thesis, namely, that every property (and thereby every mental property) is identical with some physical property.
		The way in which this constitutes a problem for identity theories is by implying a failure of coextension.
		IT2 is not, of course, an identity theory in the standard sense.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/identitytheory.html (1640 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Identity changes more often in this constructivist vision in part because the hierarchical arrangement of the repertoire is based on those descriptions that are immediately important to the person and to those with whom she, he or it is interacting.
		Identity Labels as Units of Study Placing the concept of identity at the center of a constructivist understanding of social reality enables the analysis of the overwhelmingly complex and fluid process by which agents and structures interact to construct each other in society.
		Identity and the Social Construction of Agents A society's intricate and shifting systems of identity labels are the principal means by which agents know which social rules to translate into action, and how to do so in such a way that their behavior not only makes sense, but is coordinated with the behavior of others.
	www.bridgewater.edu /~jfrueh/WPolitics/Identityreading.doc (6650 words)

	Identity Theory
		Identity theory is a position in the philosophy of mind which maintains that mental states and brain activities are identical, though viewed from two perspectives.
		Identity theory is a form of monistic materialism, insofar as it maintains that mind is essentially material in nature.
		Identity theory was developed to address the short comings of behaviorism, which maintains that mental terms designate dispositions to behave in certain ways.
	www.queertheory.com /theories/philosophy/identity.htm (889 words)

	Corporate Branding Corporate Identity Design - Boston Advertising Agency
		Hiring an advertising agency can be expensive, however Brand Identity Guru Inc. is one Boston-based advertising agency committed to making every advertising penny you have work as hard as possible.
		Brand Identity Guru Inc. is an advertising agency with the expertise and experience to create a great plan for you.
		Our niche is closing the gap between brand identity and brand image thus creating brand equity while increasing market share.
	www.brandidentityguru.com /advertising_agency.htm (1230 words)

	identity
		Identity: "The conceptions we hold of ourselves are we may call self-identity, while the expectations and opinions of others form our social identity" (Barker 165).
		Identity is relational (based on sameness and difference, depends on a classificatory system--W 29 -), exclusive, marked by symbol (Woodward 9), maintained through social and material conditions (Woodward 12).
		Identities are thus temporary attachment to the subject positions which discursive practices construct for us (S 6).
	www.eng.fju.edu.tw /Literary_Criticism/cultural_studies/identity.html (221 words)

	[No title]
		Psychological continuity theories fall afoul of the determinateness of identity because identity is a one to one, all or nothing relation, but cross temporal unity relations between person stages drawn in terms of overlapping chains of psychological connectedness hold to a greater or lesser degree.
		In contrast, the identity of punctualist persons is wholly determinate because the gain or loss of any psychological property is sufficient to generate a distinct momentary self which may or may not be part of a series which can be treated as if it were a persisting person.
		Psychological continuity theories which link person stages to one another through some kind of unity relation treat momentary selves as self-contained units which would be persons if they were to exist on their own and not as proper parts of larger aggregates of person stages.
	www.manitowoc.uwc.edu /staff/awhite/mb98.htm (2422 words)

	Identity politics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Identity politics has close parallels with concepts like white skin privilege and self-determination, both of which heavily rely on the core of identity politics to advance their thought.
		Particular focus in any form of identity politics is on the contrast between what is considered to be a social, political and occupational privilege of the dominant group(s) as compared to what is considered discrimination faced by the oppressed group.
		Identity Independence, as discussed on the Internet on a site of that name [4], means the right of a free people to choose their own identity and culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Identity_politics (1130 words)

	rants :: hugo liu :: a new æsthetic
		Whereas Simmel examines the self, identity, and individuality macroscopically at a societal level or at the timescale of an individual's lifetime, Goffman is interested in the self as she behaves at the granularity of a single dyadic interaction, with attention to the game-theoretic psychology of negotiating identities in social settings.
		In order to assess the identity of a person and thus the appropriate role to grant him in an interaction, the perceiver monitors the speaker's non-verbal and verbal cues for signals, and uses the generalizations that can be drawn from each sign to construct a truer picture of the speaker.
		In summary, Davis's identity ambivalences build upon Simmel's theory of identity by proposing gender, status, and sexuality as culturally-originated dimensions of identity, and suggesting that fashion's role is to facilitate the realization of individuality by allowing one to locate herself at various points along these ambivalence dimensions via fashion garments.
	web.media.mit.edu /~hugo/ideas/simmelianidentity.html (5876 words)

	Sexologist's Death Spotlights Lies Behind 'Gender Identity' Theories
		And both, the pro-family spokesman notes, have left an unfortunate legacy of medical misinformation and misguided psychological theories, all based on falsehoods with tragic consequences for modern society.
		Knight says Money is particularly notorious for his role in the case of David Reimer, a baby boy whose parents were convinced, after a seriously bungled circumcision, to turn their son into a daughter.
		He observed that psychiatrists, instead of counseling people who were questioning their gender identity to visit a surgeon, should have been helping clients restore their actual gender identity.
	news.christiansunite.com /Religion_News/religion04794.shtml (608 words)

	An Historical Overview of Theories of Non-
		Key factors in the formation of identity are personal subjectivities and actions (perceptions and feelings about sexual identity, sexual behaviors, and the meanings attached to them), interactive intimacies (influences of family, peers, intimate partnerships, and the meanings attached to them), and socio-historical connections (social norms, policies, and laws).
		These identities were consequently personally and socially constructed primarily by juxtaposing their identities with publicly and socially expressed identities; originally that was against the norm of heterosexual identity, but over the past five decades the comparison has been not only to heterosexual identity but also to forms of non-heterosexual identity.
		Evans and Levine (1990) noted serious drawbacks to the early theories, including the influence of social and political forces of the 1970s when most were developed, the lack of empirical evidence supporting them, and their focus on gay white men to the exclusion of lesbians, people of color, and bisexuals.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/cssa556/HistoryGayLesbianBi.htm (2392 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Identity's religious views are bizarre and occultic, and their view of history is often informed by conspiracy theories.
		Identity teachers of today such as Pastor Arnold Murray maintain that the great Pyramid was built by the Israelites and is a second revelation of God.
		Because many Identity adherents are people with a history of looking for "new truths," they often come to Identity from other religious movements, bringing some of their unique doctrines with them.
	www.equip.org /free/DI100.htm (4683 words)

	Ian Lustick: PS-I: Testing Theories of Political Identity and Political Stability
		Strong evidence was found for the emergence of identity institutionalization, for the existence of a "crystallization" threshold, for the effectiveness of divide and rule strategies for the maintenance of an identity as dominant, for the efficacy of a network of organic intellectuals, and for hegemonic levels of institutionalization.
		Although these identities are present inside the polity, their relative foreignness makes it much less likely that inhabitants of the polity residing along its frontier will respond to contact with the outside world by activating their identities in accordance with those outside influences.
		The red identity (corresponding to identity 11 in Figure 2), most prominent in the northeast, appears as a Kurdish-like group, with heavy concentration in a remote area of the country and close ties across an irregular relatively porous border with a diaspora of agents activated on that identity or harboring that identity in their repertoires.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /5/3/7.html (11531 words)

	Identity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In their theories neither the trait nor the schema is conceptualized as fluid or dynamic even though these theorists allow that people do change their self-concepts and other self-ascribed properties, especially when they seem markedly discrepant with the views other people have of them.
		The classical construction of human nature and personal identity continued into the middle ages and early renaissance, when it was supplemented by the belief that everyone had his or her divinely appointed place in the feudal or post-feudal social order.
		Subsequent work on identity formation by non-Freudians and post-Freudians such as object relations theorist Nancy Chodorow (1978) has moved the focus from social milestones to social structures of domination, with the result that the psychological processes of identity formation are now regularly featured in discussions of feminism, gay studies, racial consciousness, and other multicultural issues.
	www.luc.edu /faculty/twren/phil389/wren-identity.htm (7875 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - Identity Theory
		identity theory - The identity theory (IT) of mind is standardly understood to be the claim that every mental property is identical with some physical property.
		The version of physicalism that gained ground in the middle of this century was in the first place committed to the identity thesis, namely, that every property (and thereby every mental property) is identical with some physical property.
		The way in which this constitutes a problem for identity theories is by implying a failure of coextension.
	philosophy.uwaterloo.ca /MindDict/identitytheory.html (1629 words)

	Identifying Identity \| Ovid Need, Jr. \| Mistaken Identity
		Because Identity's basic postulations are so absurd, some Identity people may not confess, let alone develop, them; instead, they emphasize the appealing aspects of their theories, dismissing the absurd.
		Identity builds its Anglo-Saxon house on what, in its eyes, is happening in history, so the following chapter examines the very basis of its theories.
		The avoidance of non-Identity documentation for Identity's theories seems to be typical of Identity writers ordinarily.
	www.preteristarchive.com /Books/1991_need_tongues/need-ovid_ii_intro.html (1886 words)

	Title (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Psychological identity theorists typically (??refs) make an exception for cases of branching, and say that psychological continuity is sufficient for identity absent branching.
		The case of qualitative identity is, then, different from that where a and b are not qualitatively identical, but there is principled ground for the difference: it is because the brain of A has the same data as the brain of B that both can survive through one person with brain c.
		The mere fact that c happens to have the same mental states as B is insufficient, since that fails to connect these mental states—it is just a coincidence that the possessor of c has the same mental states as B, since the counterfactual dependence is on the states of A.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/ap85/papers/IdentityAndCopying.html (3043 words)

	Identity Development Of Homosexual Youth And Parental And Familial Influences On The Coming Out Process Adolescence - ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Research indicates that homosexual adolescents who have a close relationship with their parents and families tend to come out at a younger age and to experience more positive identities than do those who have a poor relationship.
		Theories on the formation of a homosexual identity and the coming out process have outlined stages through which an individual passes (Cass, 1979; Troiden, 1989).
		In the identity confusion stage, which usually occurs during adolescence, the individual realizes that he or she may be homosexual.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2248/is_135_34/ai_60302525 (840 words)

	Identity Development Of Homosexual Youth And Parental And Familial Influences On The Coming Out Process Adolescence - ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This paper examines the literature on identity development of homosexual youth, and parental and familial influences on the coming out process.
		Theories on the formation of a homosexual identity and the coming out process have outlined stages through which an individual passes (Cass, 1979; Troiden, 1989).
		In the identity confusion stage, which usually occurs during adolescence, the individual realizes that he or she may be homosexual.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2248/is_135_34/ai_60302525 (840 words)

	Index of Learning Theories and Models at Learning Theories
		Below is the index of learning theories, grouped in somewhat arbitrary categories.
		Note that this website is an iterative project and these entries are a work in progress; please leave comments with suggestions, corrections, and additional references.
		I was able to ingtegrate some of the basic information into a theory base for a nursing research project.
	www.learning-theories.com (257 words)

	Isms in the Buffyverse
		Determinism is the theory that every event in the universe, including every human action, has its natural causes; given certain antecedent conditions, an event will take place necessarily, according to the laws of nature.
		If the self is both body and mind, then identity becomes traceable along a number of lines and gets sticky fast.
		She would not be the being who committed predatory acts for 400 years.
	www.atpobtvs.com /philos2.html (4768 words)

	Theories of ethnic identity
		Social identity is that part of an individual’s self-image which derives from his or her knowledge of membership of a social group (or groups), e.g., ethnic group, together with the emotional significance they attach to their group (Tajfel and Turner, 1981)
		There are various forms of social identity which may be salient for an individual, one of which is ethnic identity
		When social identity is unsatisfactory, individuals will strive either to leave their existing group and join some positively distinct group and/or make their existing group more positively distinct
	www.health.curtin.edu.au /psych/units/12963/lectures/rosie-rooney.html (831 words)

	Bundle theory of identity (Hume)
		The two main theories of identity centre on the aspect of continuity of the self.
		The bundle theory of ontology asserts that objects are a bundle of their properties.
		Thus, our experience of identity is identity and the fact that we cannot introspect it directly does not meant that it does not exist.
	www.arrod.co.uk /essays/bundle.php (1485 words)

	Christians and Anti-Semitism: The Christian Identity Movement
		Among those attracted to Identity in recent years are racist and violent young "skinheads" -- some of whom were a part of the crowd of three hundred people who chanted racial slurs at federal marshals attempting to capture Weaver.
		Identity adherents believe they are the only descendants of Adam and the only chosen descendants of Abraham.
		Christians who are far from Identity's blatant racism nonetheless allow Identity's attitudes and world view -- including conspiracy theories -- to touch the core of their faith.
	www.hearnow.org /id.html (4733 words)

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