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Topic: Ifugao

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	Ifugao
		The Ifugao inhabit the most rugged and mountainous part of the country, high in the Central Cordillera in northern Luzon, with peaks rising from 1,000-1,500 m., and drained by the waters of the Magat River, a tributary of Cagayan River.
		Ifugao religious beliefs are expressed in the numerous rites and prayers (baki) that comprise the main body of Ifugao myths.
		Ifugao epics are chanted romances recounting the origins of the people, the life and adventure of the Ifugao heroes, the valor of men and the beauty of women, as well as ancient customs and traditions.
	litera1no4.tripod.com /ifugao_frame.html (5335 words)

	ifugao
		In traditional Ifugao society upward mobility is founded on ownership and effective management of extensive wet rice terracing, astute borrowing and lending and the support of the gods elicited in magical-religious ceremonies.
		Of perhaps the greatest importance to the Ifugao are rice or agricultural deities which have the power to ensure bountiful crops and actually increase the amount of rice already in storage.
		Whatever the Ifugao make or use, there is generally added another dimension, as knowing hands see and shape the essence contained in a piece of wood, bone or stone, or shape from a lump of clay a form which is both functional and elegant.
	www.tribalsite.com /articles/ifugao.htm (2646 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ifugao was formerly known as a part of the old Mountain Province.
		The province of Ifugao is a land-locked area located at the foot of the Cordillera mountain ranges.
		It is bounded by the high peaked mountain of Benguet in the Western Side, on the south by Nueva Viscaya, on the east by Isabela and on the north by the protruding strip of the territory of Mountain Province.
	library.thinkquest.org /28616/top8/ifugao.htm (445 words)

	Ifugao - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ifugao is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon.
		Ifugao refers to the people, their language and the province they live in.
		This people prefer to be called Ifugaos as opposed to the more generic and less accurate Igorot term that includes all the peoples of the Cordillera Region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ifugao (198 words)

	Sun.Star Baguio - Ifugao's Imbayah festival: Thanking kabunian for a bountiful harvest (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The word "imbayah" comes from the Ifugao word "bayah" or rice wine, signifying nobility and high stature in the community - an event where rice wine overflows from antique Chinese jars and the banquet is arranged for the mortals and the gods.
		The Imbayah festival, held April 23 to 26, was highlighted by a vibrant parade and street dancing participated in by 19 barangays in their ethnic attires inspired by the evolution of the Ifugao costume, starting with the use of tree bark to the present use of the cotton woven cloth.
		The Ifugaos cultural tradition strongly interweaved with the formation of the rice terraces known as the Imbayah festival.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /static/bag/2003/05/11/feat/ifugao.s.imbayah.festival.thanking.kabunian.for.a.bountiful.harvest.html (782 words)

	About Culture and Arts
		The Ifugao people of the northern Cordilleras of the island of Luzon, Philippines are a graphic example of the vulnerability of a traditional society to the pressures of global intrusions.
		The correlatives of traditional Ifugao religious heritage is set out in myths, stories, legends that people vocalize in the form of narratives, songs and chants performed during specific occasions from the mundane to the sacred.
		The concept of monotheism is not difficult to be introduced among the Ifugao due to their traditional belief in a single supreme deity, maknongan, in spite of the existence of enumerable deities invoked by the mumbaki since Christianity, too, call upon enumerable saints and angels.
	www.ncca.gov.ph /about_cultarts/articles.php?artcl_Id=76 (2398 words)

	Banaue Travel Information
		Ifugao was formerly a part of the old Mountain Province.
		The popularity of Ifugao has taken a positive turn when its famous rice terraces was listed in the World Heritage List of UNESCO in December 1995 as the first living cultural landscape.
		The province of Ifugao is a land-locked area located at the foot of the Cordillera mountain ranges with a total land area of 251,778 hectares.
	www.asiatravel.com /philippines/banaueifugao/banaueinfo.html (381 words)

	--- Facts & Figures: Province of Ifugao ---
		Their brief stay in Ifugao is characterized by the presence of puevlos (towns) headed by the Alcalde Municipal and barangays (barrios) headed by the "Cabesa de Barangay".
		Ifugao finally gained provincial status on June 18, 1966 with the municipality of Lagawe as the capital town.
		The popularity of Ifugao has taken positive turn when its famous rice terraces found in Banaue, Hungduan, Kiangan and Mayoyao were listed in the prestigious World Heritage List of UNESCO in December 1985 as the first living cultural landscape.
	www.nscb.gov.ph /rucar/fnf_ifugao.htm (1488 words)

	Banaue, Ifugao - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Banaue is a 4th class municipality in the province of Ifugao, Philippines.
		It is widely known as the site of the Banaue Rice Terraces According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 20,563 people in 3,952 households.
		The Ifugao Terraces Commission created in 1994 was superseded by the Banaue Rice Terraces task force, which was closed in 2002.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Banaue,_Ifugao (255 words)

	[No title]
		Society-IFUGAO The Ifugao (Ifugaw, Ipugao, Yfugao) occupy an area of from 750 (LeBar 1975: 78) to 970 square miles, roughly equivalent to the province of Ifugao, as well as small regions of neighboring provinces in the central Cordillera of northern Luzon in the Philippine Islands.
		Ifugao is closely related to Bontok and Kankanai, with a probable separation of the linguistic groups somewhere around 900 A.D. (LeBar 1975: 78).
		Ifugao subsistence is derived principally from agriculture (84 percent), with an additional ten percent derived from the raising of aquatic fauna, such as minnows and snails, in flooded rice fields.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7848 (1386 words)

	WOW Philippines :: Explore Philippines :: Description
		Ifugao is home to a thriving ancient culture and host to the famous rice terraces carved from the base of the mountainsides to the top, which appear to be massive green stairways reaching to the sky.
		The Ifugao native huts could probably be among the world’s first prefabricated houses that do not use a single nail or metal to fasten their parts.
		Ifugao, a land-locked area located at the foot of the Cordillera Mountain Range, is bounded on the west by the province of Benguet, Nueva Viscaya on the south, Isabela on the east, and on the north by Mountain Province, with a total land area of 251,778 hectares.
	www.tourism.gov.ph /explore_phil/place_details.asp?content=description&province=74 (320 words)

	Online Store of Unique, Hand-made Arts and Crafts, Home Decor and Collectibles
		The Ifugaos based all their social culture around the planting and harvesting of rice, the main staple of the land.
		In their marginal agricultural society where the success of harvest means the difference between a year of plenty and a year of starvation, the Ifugao had developed a powerful and sincere artistic statement with the need to perpetuate their survival.
		It is an expression of the Ifugaos need to control the environment sufficiently to enable their people to survive.
	www.exoticcraftsinternational.com /ifugaos/ifugaos1.html (351 words)

	Participatory GIS with Ifugao Peoples
		The rate at which the Ifugaos' more than 2000 year-old terraced agriculture in the Northern Philippine uplands is degenerating requires facilitation for convergence of the knowledge processes of the many social actors involved in managing their natural resources.
		Through 'spatial dialogue,' Ifugao farmers participated in interpreting aerial photographs and satellite images, in mapping their situations and aspirations into meaningful diagrams, and in tracing together their successful past.
		This is because, in traditional Ifugao natural resource management, terrace management is intertwined with management of the whole catchment area.
	www.iapad.org /ifugao_and_gis.htm (997 words)

	The Provincial Profile of Ifugao
		Ifugao is dry from November to April and very wet during the rest of the year.
		Ifugaos continually harrassed the Christian settlements in present-day Nueva Vizcaya until increased Spanish military forays established a presence in Ifugao in the 1830s.
		The Ifugaos carved the terraces from the mountainside using the barest of tools and this marvel of human engineering is popularly referred to as the 'Eighth Wonder of the World'.
	www.geocities.com /lppsec/pp/ifugao.htm (1155 words)

	Ifugao
		LAGAWE, Ifugao — To strengthen the National Grains Highway program, the Department of Agriculture, through the National Food Authority (NFA) here, is in the process of evaluating the proposed dryer mat project that would soon rise to spur agriculture in Palmanaba.
		“Ifugao is a TEEP and a SEDIP province so we are very lucky because this solved most of the problems which are often encountered during the first day of classes,” she said.
		ALFONSO LISTA, Ifugao — Agriculture Secretary Arthur Yap said he has unloaded funds from the national office to the regional offices of the Department of Agriculture (DA) and its attached agencies such as the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) and the National Food Authority (NFA) for the immediate implementation of agricultural projects.
	luzon.wowphilippines.com /ifugao (2181 words)

	WOW Philippines :: Explore Philippines :: Description (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ifugao is home to a thriving ancient culture and host to the famous rice terraces carved from the base of the mountainsides to the top, which appear to be massive green stairways reaching to the sky.
		The Ifugao native huts could probably be among the world’s first prefabricated houses that do not use a single nail or metal to fasten their parts.
		Ifugao, a land-locked area located at the foot of the Cordillera Mountain Range, is bounded on the west by the province of Benguet, Nueva Viscaya on the south, Isabela on the east, and on the north by Mountain Province, with a total land area of 251,778 hectares.
	www.wowphilippines.com.ph /explore_phil/place_details.asp?content=description&province=74 (320 words)

	Ifugao Bulols
		The bulol, or "Ifugao rice god," is a carved human figurine into which a certain class of anito is said to incorporate itself when worshipped.
		Ifugao carved figures are often caricatures of actual people in the village.
		The Ifugao also place fernwood anthropomorphic sculptures called komis or bihang (none pictured on this page) at entrances, village boundaries, and in archways over paths, to protect from evil spirits; in addition to white, saucerlike eyes and teeth which give them a gruesome aspect, these have shields, spears, and jewelry carved from whitewood.
	class.csueastbay.edu /anthropologymuseum/virtmus/Philippines/Crafts/Ifugao_Bulols.htm (429 words)

	Apocalypse Yesterday, Already by Deirdre McKay and Padmapani L. Perez (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Crew members who had seen Ifugao dancers affirmed that, unlike lowland women, Ifugao women did not "walk sexy." They could then, apparently, withstand the simulated warfare on the film set with a simulacrum of 'realistic' female movement, because they were 'tribal' women, used to the hardships of mountain life.
		The theft of the animals by raiders from the Ifugao uplands was understood as a form of payment exacted from the Spanish for the use of the land the latter had occupied.
		To the Ifugao, the carabao remained a symbol of colonial power and its slaughter by the Ifugao became the symbolic tax levied on the Spanish as colonial overlord.
	www.oovrag.com /essays/essay2004a-3.shtml (4332 words)

	Ifugao Province
		Ifugao is in the Cordillera Central Mountains of northern Luzon.
		Ifugao was separated from Nueva Vizcaya and made into one of its sub-provinces.
		Ifugao and Kalinga- Apayao were made a part of the Cagayan Valley region until 1987, when they became part of the newly- created Cordillera Administrative Region.
	home.comcast.net /~maesteban/island_groups/luzon/car/ifugao/ifugaoprofile.htm (663 words)

	The Ifugao - native people
		You may not have heard of the Ifugao people of the Banaue area of the Phillipinnes, but you have quite likely seen their handiwork.
		For over a period spanning thousands of years, the Ifugao have labored to transform the precipitous mountain sides of their homeland into an amazing series of stepped rice terraces.
		The economy of the Ifugao is sustained predominantly from agriculture.
	mtmt.essortment.com /ifugaoculturep_rdqk.htm (701 words)

	Muyong forest of Ifugao: Assisted natural regeneration in traditional forest management - Moises Butic and Robert Ngidlo
		Ifugao culture and laws revolve around their physical environment, expressed in customs and taboos prescribing the treatment and use of environment and natural resources.
		The Ifugaos adopted agroforestry in woodlots and multiple cropping in swiddens as an economic insurance in case of crop failure in the terraces.
		The Ifugaos have aptly shown that ANR can be used effectively to transform woodlots into multiple-use centers without disturbing the pristine condition of the natural forest.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/AD466E/ad466e06.htm (2288 words)

	Ifugao Website
		During their brief stay in Ifugao, the Spaniards were able to organize "pueblos" (towns) headed by the "Alcalde Municipal" and barangays (barrios) headed by a "Cabesa de Barangay".
		It was in Ifugao, particularly Mt. Napulawan in the municipality of Hungduan, where General Yamashita known as "The Tiger of Malaya" decided to put his last stand against the Filipino and American forces.
		Ifugao then started its operation as a distinct province on April 1, 1967 a few days after the first provincial officials were inducted into office on March 26, 1967 by His Excellency, Ferdinand E. Marcos, at La Trinidad, Benguet.
	www.angelfire.com /ca2/Ifugao/ifugao.htm (1364 words)

	The Cordilleras - Gregg Butensky
		The provinces of Ifugao and Mountain Province straddle the southern portion of the Cordilleras.
		Unfortunately, much of the region's culture and traditions that survived 350 years of colonization is disappearing today as the people come under the influence of Catholic missionaries and other outside forces.
		Off the tourist track, the local Ifugao people have discarded their native dress in favor of t-shirts but still maintain a lifestyle similar to that of their ancestors.
	www.madnomad.com /gregg/rp_05.html (172 words)

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