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Topic: Igboid languages

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	Reduced pronominals and argument prominence
		The existence in a language of weak pronouns in their sense is rather difficult to establish since it demands detail comparison of the distributional patterns of both strong and clitic-like forms.
		It is not the case that the languages in question are morphologically or syntactically ergative and thus adhere to an argument prominence hierarchy where the P is higher than the A. Colloquial Sinhala is reported to display zero recipients.
		It is not the case that the languages in question are morphologically or syntactically ergative and thus adhere to an argument promience hierarchy where the P is higher than the A. Colloquial Sinhala is reported to display zero recipients.
	cslipublications.stanford.edu /LFG/4/siewierska/lfg99-siewierska.html (3968 words)

	Niger-Congo languages - Definition, explanation
		The Niger-Congo languages constitute one of the world's major language families, and Africa's largest in terms of geographical area, number of speakers, and number of distinct languages.
		They may constitute the world's largest language family in terms of distinct languages, although this question is complicated by ambiguity in what is a distinct language.
		The Yoruba and Igbo languages, spoken in Nigeria.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/n/ni/niger_congo_languages.php (582 words)

	Niger-congo Languages
		Niger-Congo languages are known for their system of noun classification, traces of which can be found in every branch of the family.
		A Subject Verb Object word order is quite widespread among today's Niger-Congo languages, but SOV is found in branches as divergent as Mande, Ijoid and Dogon.
		There is also an on-going debate as to whether the Mande languages should be included in the Niger-Congo language family or the Nilo-Saharan language family.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Niger-Congo_languages (657 words)

	Niger-Congo languages - Wikipedia Mirror
		In early classifications of African languages, one of the principal criteria used to distinguish different groupings was the languages' use of prefixes to classifiy nouns, or the lack thereof.
		Languages like this have nasal vowels accompanied with complementary distribution between oral and nasal consonants before oral and nasal vowels.
		The Yoruba and Igbo languages, spoken in Nigeria.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Niger-Congo_languages (1979 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Kwa languages"
		The Kwa languages are spoken in the south-eastern part of Côte d'Ivoire, in Ghana, Togo and Benin, and the southwestern corner of Nigeria.
		The Kwa group of languages is a branch of Volta-Congo and ultimately Niger-Congo.
		Bennett & Sterk (1977) argued that Kwa in its original form was not a genetic unit, and proposed a reclassification in which the Yoruboid and Igboid languages are members of the Benue-Congo subfamily.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=kwa_languages (225 words)

	info: Gbe_languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Gbe language area is bordered to the west and east by the Volta river in Ghana and the Weme river in Nigeria.
		Ewe is a language of formal education for secondary schools and universities in Ghana, and is also used in non-formal education in Togo.
		The Gbe languages, notably Ewe, Fon and Anlo, played a role in the genesis of several Caribbean creole languages â” Haitian Creole for example is classifiable as having a French vocabulary with the syntax of a Gbe language.
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Gbe_languages.html (4073 words)

	Web resources for Benue-Congo languages
		The remaining Benue-Congo languages are all spoken in Cameroon and Nigeria.
		The Tahoss dialect of the Berom language of central Nigeria and its affinities (PDF).
		A wordlist of the Hyam language of Nok in central Nigeria and its affinities (PDF).
	goto.glocalnet.net /maho/webresources/benuecongo.html (2188 words)

	Shona language - Assata Speaks - Hands Off Assata - Let's Get Free - Revolutionary - Pan-Africanism - Black On Purpose ...
		The language handicap of the children is frustrated by the requirement of a half hour of English daily in grades 1--4, and an hour daily for grades 5--6.
		This question is further problematized when education and language are mixed into the complexity of identities and their constructed hierarchies as channeled and/or policed by colonial discourse, which transforms into the norm and thus generates stereotypes, alliances and biases within the native community.
		To demonstrate the intense influence that knowledge of the English language had on her, Alexander metaphorically speaks of her learning of English to the erasing of a flboard - a mental tabula rasa (clean slate) -- in which hegemony via language and culture is inscribed in her psyche.
	www.assatashakur.org /forum/showthread.php?t=17589 (2579 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages.
		Endangered language research tends to concentrate on languages with a small number of speakers or those for which competency is rapidly declining for whatever reason.
		Nincut is a distinct language and not a dialect of Berom.
		Minority languages are threatened by the processes of globalisation on a large scale; speakers are fearful of acknowledging they speak a small language and often try and encourage their children to become fluent in the regional lingua franca.
	www.ogmios.org /216.htm (2216 words)

	Mambila Fricative Vowels
		That these languages from different parts of the world all exhibit what have been referred to as fricative vowels, or perhaps more commonly syllabic fricatives, should not be taken to mean that identical or even similar phenomena occur in each.
		His is the only study of these languages to provide instrumental evidence of the friction discussed (which didn't occur in all of the dialects looked at), with spectrograms showing clearly that this friction may occur throughout the duration of the nuclear portion of the syllable.
		Mambila comprises a cluster of dialects or languages straddling the Nigeria-Cameroon border.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /dz/ACAL28/ACAL28paper.html (3724 words)

	EgyptSearch Forums: Cultural similarities between ancient Kmt and other areas in Africa
		Of those, 470 are living languages, 1 is a second language without mother tongue speakers, and 7 are extinct.
		IJO, CENTRAL-WESTERN (IZON, IZO, UZO) [IJC] 338,700 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin); 100,000 in Kolokuma (1991 UBS); 1,770,000 all Ijo languages, 2% of the population (1991 SIL).
		The language is Izora or Cokobanci; a speaker is Bacokobi; the speakers are Cokobawa or Ndazora.
	www.egyptsearch.com /forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=8;t=003189;p=2 (10519 words)

	About Chief Damian Sunday Ohanyido Okoli
		Both the people and the language were formerly known in English as Ibo; Igbo is now considered more correct.
		Their language also relies heavily on the usage of idioms and metaphors in everyday speech.
		The language was used by John Goldsmith as an example to justify going away from the classical linear model of phonology as laid out in The Sound Pattern of English.
	francisohanyido.tripod.com /id1.html (1618 words)

	From Ogiso To Eweka Dynasty in Benin History By Victor Manfredi
		Much more certain, is a situation where two non-contiguous peripheral varieties of a language agree in some feature against the center; then, the probabilities strongly favor innovation in the center.
		Assuming his divisions of Northwest, Northcentral, Southcentral and Delta E.doid, if the Urhobo meaning 'human' was found in any of the Northwest languages, it would be strong evidence for reconstructing 'human', and not 'woman', to the proto-language, since the Northeast division of E.doid is non-contiguous to the Southwest division.
		The scale of diversity in any one of the E.doid, Yoruboid and Igboid "macro-languages" was surely determined long before the political developments of the past thousand years.
	www.waado.org /UrhoboHistory/UrhoboBeninRelations/OgisoEweka-Manfredi.html (1203 words)

	African Language Dictionaries, Glossaries and Lexicons
		Iká is an Igboid language spoken in southern Nigeria.
		Mpiemo, classified as A86c in Malcolm Guthrie's classification, is a hitherto undescribed Bantu language spoken by a minority group with the same name, the largest part of whom live in the rainforests of western Central African Republic.
		Basa language as spoken near the Niger-Benue confluence in Nigeria.
	home.acceleration.net /clark/Links/Lexicon.htm (1052 words)

	Encyclopædia Britannica Australia -
		Their language belongs to the Kwa subgroup of the Niger-Congo family.
		Their language is usually classified as a Nupoid variety within the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family.
		The tables are written in the Umbrian language, four and part of a fifth using the Umbrian script, the rest Latin characters.
	www.britannica.com.au /britannica_browse/i/i5.html (1661 words)

	last minute Igbo_language - last-minute-report.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Igbo is a language spoken in Nigeria by around 18 million people (1999 WA), the Igbo, especially in the southeastern region once identified as Biafra.
		The language was used by John Goldsmith as an example to justify deviating from the classical linear model of phonology as laid out in The Sound Pattern of English.
		Igbo is a tonal language, like Yoruba and Chinese.
	www.last-minute-report.com /Igbo_language (478 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Igbo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Igbo is the major language of south-eastern Nigeria spoken predominantly in Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo and Rivers States.
		Igbo is a national language, also widely used in primary schools as a medium of instruction.
		According to Ethnologue: Official language in the southwest [sic - presumably mean the southeast of Nigeria].
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Igbo (548 words)

	INTRO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Yorùbá’s closest relatives in the Defoid family are Igala and Isekiri in Nigeria, Tsabe and Idaitsa in the Republic of Benin, and Ana and Ife-Togo in Togo Republic.
		In Brazil, Nago is the Yoruba dialect that is spoken, in Cuba, it is Lucumi and Trinidad Yoruba is used widely in the West Indies.
		It is the variety represented in major dictionaries and grammars of the language prepared over the past two centuries and in most pedagogical materials prepared for Americans and Europeans who wish to learn to learn the language.
	www.uga.edu /~aflang/YORUBA/People.html (590 words)

	Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Shop
		in analytic philosophy, a language that is precise, free of ambiguity, and clear in structure, on the model of symbolic logic, as contrasted with ordinary language, which is vague, misleading,...
		They are of Malay stock and their language is Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), as is that of their neighbours, but...
		Their language is usually classified as a Nupoid variety within the...
	www.britannica.co.uk /britannica_browse/i/i3.html (1925 words)

	Benue-Congo languages - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Largest branch of the Niger-Congo language family, both in numbers of languages (900) and speakers (at least 500 million).
		The largest branch, Bantoid, comprises a Northern and a Southern group and includes more than 500 languages, 47 of which are spoken by more than 1 million people.
		Aspects of the prosody of Kuot, a language where intonation ignores stress (1).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1B1-357048.html (257 words)

	Amazon.com: Encyclopedia Of Linguistics: Books: Philipp Strazny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As the field of linguistics (the study of human speech) expands, overlaps, and uses the methods and findings of other disciplines, the reference literature needs to reflect these changes.
		In addition to the expected entries on linguistics as a discipline and the essays about specific languages and their characteristics, this encyclopedia covers topics such as Information retrieval; Neurolinguistics; Second language: learning; and Official language selection.
		With the number of languages spoken in the U.S. increasing, the language descriptions found here, in addition to explanations of standard linguistic terminology, make this a recommended addition to academic and large public libraries.
	www.amazon.com /Encyclopedia-Linguistics-Philipp-Strazny/dp/1579584500 (723 words)

	IGBO
		The language is also spoken as a second language in the Niger Delta and Cross River Basin.
		Nwafor (1971:44) described Engligbo as "a new medium of communication, which is a hybrid of the English and Igbo languages." To him, Igbo-English mixture is a conscious display of the knowledge of a prestigious language, English, by educated Nigerians.
		We shall not be concerned with the causes of language mixture among Igbo-English bilinguals.
	www.kwenu.com /uwandiigbo/frontpage.htm (1117 words)

	Igbo — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/Igbo (191 words)

	Britannica Online Service :: Search
		They are of Malay stock and their language...
		a language cluster that constitutes a subbranch of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family.
		It consists of a language cluster, Ijo (Ijaw), comprising seven other language...
	www.britannica.co.kr /boltitles/i/i3.html (1640 words)

	The Nigerian Village Square Chat-Room
		Spoken as a first language in large areas of Sokoto, Kaduna, Kano and Bauchi states, and in Niger.
		The Akokos' are some of the largest ethnic clans in Nigeria, and the most wonderful and unique thing about this Akokos' is that as close as the towns and villages are to each other, so is the distance in their various languages, they are so close they dont share the same language.
		Some of the Akokos, in their spoken languages have great similarity to the Edos' e.g the people of Ipe-akoko, while some have their so similar to that of the Kogis', like the ikaramus'.
	www.nigeriavillagesquare1.com /portrait/language.htm (716 words)

	ブリタニカ・ジャパン - Encyclopædia Britannica A-Z Browse
		There are nearly 20 million speakers of Igboid languages in southeastern Nigeria.
		It consists of a language cluster, Ijo (Ijaw), comprising seven other language clusters with a total of approximately two million speakers, and Defaka (Afakani), a solitary language spoken by very few.
		All these languages are found in the relatively narrow coastal Niger...
	www.britannica.co.jp /azbrowse/i/i5.html (2052 words)

	Haya language resources
		...language spoken mostly in the western provinces of the Roman Empire until those dialects, diverging still...
		Proto Indo-European language is the hypothetical parent of many language families.
		Haya (OluHaya) is a Niger-Congo language spoken by the Haya people of Tanzania, to the south and southwest of Lake Victoria.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Haya.html (1368 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Kwa languages
		Several languages of southern Côte d'Ivoire, such as Attie, Adioukrou, Abidji, and Ega are considered Kwa languages, but their exact position within the family is still unclear so they are conservatively left ungrouped.
		Ethnologue divides the Kwa languages into two broad geographical groupings: Nyo and Left bank.
		The Nyo group collapses Stewart's Potou-Tano and Ga-Dangme branches and also includes the ungrouped languages of southern Côte d'Ivoire, while the remaining Kwa languages are called Left bank because they are spoken on the Eastern side of the Volta River in Ghana, Togo, Benin and southwestern Nigeria.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Kwa_languages (352 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		artificial language constructed by the French logician and Esperantist Louis de Beaufront and presented at the Delegation pour l'Adoption d'une Langue Auxiliaire Internationale (Delegation for...
		They are of Malay stock and their language is Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), as is...
		It consists of a language cluster, Ijo (Ijaw), comprising seven other language clusters with a total of...
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/i/i3.html (1781 words)

	Prospero Könyvei Budapest - könyvimport, külföldi könyvek - Könyv adatok
		The approach is both historical and international, with emphasis on the varied perspectives, figures and methodologies that make up the field of linguistics.
		Containing entries contributed by several hundred scholars from around the world, the Encyclopedia covers a wide range of theoretical issues, highlighting the main problems discussed in the relevant subdisciplines of linguistics and giving sketches of individual languages that provide readers with a broad phenomenological and historical overview.
		To capture the variability of language, each entry concentrates on the particular characteristics that differentiate the language (or language family) from others.
	www.konyvimport.hu /konyvek/index.html?id=218907&vissza_link=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.prospero.hu%253A11009%252Fkatalogus%252Fosztalyozas%252F%253Fid%253D1%2526vissza_id%253D1%2526order%253D%2526szerzo%253D%2526cim%253D%2526ar_tol%253D%2526ar_ig%253D%2526datum_tol%253D%2526datum_ig%253D%2526kotestipus%253D%2526keszleten%253D%2526C3%253Don%2526f%253D0%2526 (243 words)

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