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Topic: Igboland

	The Igbo People – Origins and History
		Igboland is the home of the Igbo people and it covers most of Southeast Nigeria.
		Analysis of the sources that are available (fragmentary oral traditions and correlation of cultural traits) have led to the belief that there exists a core area of Igboland, and that waves of immigrant communities from the north and west planted themselves on the border of this core area as early as the ninth century.
		The first contact between Igboland and Europe came in the mid-fifteenth century with the arrival of the Portuguese.
	www.qub.ac.uk /english/imperial/nigeria/origins.htm (795 words)

	Igbo 101
		Igboland covers the whole of Southeast, parts of Rivers, Delta, Benue, and Akwa Ibom states.
		The Atlantic ocean washes the shores of Igboland.
		It is an abomination in Igboland for a host to cause his guest harm.
	www.biafraland.com /Igbo%20101.htm (2439 words)

	The Osu Caste System in Igboland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The author does not pretend that he has all the answers or blueprint for a successful crusade to rid Alaigbo of a practice that “detracts immensely from the proud heritage of a gifted people”.
		In the concluding chapter of his book he admits that “all issues surrounding the Osu Caste in Igboland would not be exhaustively treated in this book due to the complexity of the issue.
		By writing this book, Victor E. Dike, has demonstrated courage and moral fortitude by standing up boldly to be counted as one of the crusaders for social justice which, in turn, shall help to free up the latent resources that are left to languish in Alaigbo because of osu practice.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /oarticles/osu_caste_system_in_igboland.htm (1062 words)

	The Osu Caste System in Igboland
		While some of the leaders of thoughts, the elite and politicians in Igboland pretend not to know about this social injustice, many reasonable and enlightened individuals in Igboland believe that the Osu caste system is a pure "politics of unreason" at its highest level (Lipset and Raab 1970).
		Although the Osu caste system in Igboland may not be perceived as a national issue, Nigeria and in fact, the Igbos who were against Apartheid in South Africa should have destroyed its own internal apartheid before asking South Africa to do the same.
		The ability of a fl person in the United States to perform a simple task is always in question by the racist white man, even after he or she has proved himself capable of performing the task beyond all reasonable doubt.
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /oarticles/osu_caste_system_in_igboland%20D.htm (13783 words)

	The Sun News On-line\| Opinion News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gradually, the church once it has entrenched its foothold in Igboland started seeing the evil in some of these traditional ceremonies, yet the converts remain adamant because to them any title taking is a social event devoid of "paganism", a derogatory name for the African indigenous religion.
		The main crop used to perform the rites is yam, the king of crops in Igboland.
		Up till now, going into high political office in Igboland especially in Orlu and Orsu areas requires that one must be a member of the "Ozo" title society.
	www.sunnewsonline.com /webpages/opinion/2005/jan/11/opinion-11-01-2005-002.htm (1329 words)

	Axel Harneit-Sievers: Igbo 'Traditional Rulers' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In their occupation of Igboland (the 1890s to about 1917), the British instituted Native Courts and installed chiefs by warrant (hence the name) who controlled them.
		To a large extent, chiefs in Igboland were created by the colonial and post-colonial states, but their history was more complex and changing than is often assumed.
		Okoye, P.S.A. (1993), "Chieftaincy Stool in Igboland and Rulers of Yester-Years [sic] in Nigeria 1582-1993", Enugu, Paso and Co.
	www2.hu-berlin.de /orient/igbo/igbochef.htm (9459 words)

	News -- Igbo plan single candidate for President
		They reaffirmed their confidence in the leadership of Odumegwu-Ojukwu and urged him to continue with greater courage in the task of charting the course of Ndigbo in the nation.
		Insisting that ethnicity and religion must be specified in the forthcoming national census, the group urged all tiers of government in Igboland to effectively sensitise, educate and mobilise Ndigbo for the exercise.
		They also asked every Igbo family to henceforth encourage the use of Igbo language in their domestic interaction, while Igbo schools, organisations and churches were enjoined to encourage the use and study of the language to arrest its decline in usage.
	www.odili.net /news/source/2005/jul/5/17.html (453 words)

	LIT Verlag Münster-Hamburg-Berlin-Wien-London (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The work highlights the continuity with the past as much as it emphasizes the on-going characteristic of evangelization with practical suggestions towards incarnating Christianity in Igboland.
		A rising star is on the horizon for the Church and society".
		"Profoundly the author analyses the Christian spheres of tension between indigenization, ecumenism, inculturation and evangelization in Igboland (Nigeria).
	www.lit-verlag.de /isbn/3-8258-4964-3 (146 words)

	BNW Writer's Block : Biafra Nigeria World Writer's Block: A Comparative Survey of John Locke and David Hume: :on ...
		The adherents, who are already blindfolded in their quest for miracles fail to subject what is given as miracle to any critical analysis even when there is room for such.
		Fundamentally among the heathen in Igboland is the fact that cults and attachment to them serve as means of livelihood even when such understanding is hidden from the outside world.
		As a young church in Igboland of Nigeria, a discourse of miracles especially as a proof of Christianity is more appreciated in its practical and experiential sense than mathematical certainty.
	writersblock.biafranigeriaworld.com /ecmbidoaka/2004nov09-comparative-survey-john-locke-david-hume-miracles-igboland-africa.html (4720 words)

	Template 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ogu na Ofor must be a mark of oath to guide a leader to account for his or her stewardship of the people’s trust.
		There shall be no place in Igboland for those that betray their birth right.
		We are dissatisfied with what is happening in Igboland and hereby demand from the organizers of the World Igbo Congress to put a 10 point account list to the politicians to comply by the next conference.
	www.igbodefense.org /boycott.htm (843 words)

	NigerianMuse \| Spotlight
		Secondly, even though the political capital of Igboland is in Enugu, the political leadership of the Igbo is in Anambra, while the heart of the Igbo is in Abia and Imo.
		The torch of scientific ingenuity ascribed to the Igbo nation is borne by scholars of Anambra origin, while the bulk of the commercial powers associated with the Igbo is personified by the Anambra businessman.
		As we pointed out in the first part of this series, Igboland is in crisis because the powers that be have decided to pick and use the Wabara type of individuals to complete internally, the war that went to a psychological phase in January, 1970.
	www.nigerianmuse.com /spotlight/?u=NnannaOkija.htm (2633 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The sum of N3million (at 1993 prices) was paid in compensation to the affected communities for their land while Eze J E Amadi Ezechi 1 of Ipu south autonomous community was paid N50,000 for the performance of the necessary Omenani rituals required before the contractors could gain access to the site.
		It is clear that Igboland needs a new industrial and commercial center, planned from the very beginning to accommodate a huge and growing population hence Obuaku City.
		A new city in Igboland is not a white elephant, it is the route to the resolution of the Igbo problem.
	www.worldigbocongress.org /wic/OBUAKU_CITY.doc (5747 words)

	Politics : We must not make the same old mistakes, by Nwobodo
		He is a respected statesman in Igboland and I want to believe that whatever he associates his name with, would be something that is serious in the minds of any reasonable person.
		Having said that, I want to point out that for the presidency to get to Igboland in 2007, there must be clear seriousness of purpose.
		For instance, when President Olusegun Obasanjo came to Igboland to campaign in 2003, that was the proper time for Ndigbo to have sat him down to negotiate their way to the presidency.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/politics/p223102004.html (1566 words)

	The Poetics of Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In former days it was practiced by women who decorated each other's bodies with dark dye in preparation for village events, such as marriage, title taking, and funerals, and sometimes for market days that were particularly important to Igbo women traders.
		Four colors were created from natural substances: fl from charcoal, reddish brown from a dye derived from the camwood tree, yellow from soil or a tree bark, and white from clay.
		After the British arrived in Igboland at the beginning of this century, some uli mural painters produced blue from a commercial laundry additive.
	www.nmafa.si.edu /exhibits/uli.htm (349 words)

	BNW Magazine: Biafra Nigeria World: The Udumeze, Ruler of Ohafia, the Mighty Warriors of Igboland, Reigns High in ...
		THE HILTON HOTEL, New York, Nov. 15, 2004 - The Udumeze of Ohafia, His Royal Majesty Eze Onuoha Uma, ruler of the acclaimed mighty warriors of Igboland, today extended his reign to America, where two great Americans he had conferred with chieftaincy titles were ceremoniously presented with all the accountrements of their office.
		Performing the Conferment Ceremony on behalf of the His Majesty Eze Uma was Chief Dr. Chika A. Onyeani, the Igwe I (Man of Steel) of Abam, and Akanagbajiegbe I (Pen is Mightier than the Sword) of Ohafia.
		Onyeani's first title was conferred on him in 1998 by his grand uncle, the Onyerubi of Abam, who was the longest reigning monarch in Igboland; while the second title was conferred by the present Udumeze of Ohafia in 2002.
	magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com /laolu_akande/2004/12/21/the_udumeze_ruler_of_ohafia_the_mighty_warriors_of_igboland_reigns_high_in_america.php (1089 words)

	Re: Igbo Homeland Hypothesis
		People have been talking about The western Igbos without putting the presence of the Arochukwu people as my one of the oldest man in our town who use to work with the so called britsh colonial masters told me in enugwu-ukwu in 1975 before his death.
		Says he regarding Eze Chima and his likes, "the names of these founding fathers, the basic customs and the language are Igbo and yet the chiefdoms, apart from Onitsha, are neighbours of the Edo and are separated from the rest of the Igbo by the Niger.
		Ijoma a former head of department of history, at the UNN along with Onwuejeogwu, Afigbo, Nzimiro, Dike Ekejuba and Shaw have gone a long way to give the Igbo identity yet the question of who the Igbo are keeps coming.
	www.emeagwali.com /bbs4/messages/177.html (2242 words)

	USAfricaonlineDemocracy Watch
		He lamented that more than 30 years after the civil war, Ndigbo were still being subjected to deprivations as evidence in the total neglect in infrastructural facilities and lack of representation among others.
		This continued use of brutal military force (as Obasanjo did in the town of Odi and now in the peaceful town of Okigwe) by a supposedly civilian government, to attempt to stifle peaceful free speech and democratic expression and association can only force otherwise peaceful people and organizations into active self-defense.
		This dastardly act in Okigwe and killing of innocent civilians by Obasanjo's regime must be condemned and all the individual soldiers, police, officers and those who issued the orders must be traced, tracked down and made to pay the price of their debauchery.
	www.usafricaonline.com /gestapookigwe.html (968 words)

	(DV) Ekwe-Ekwe: Nigeria Does Not Deserve UN Security Council Seat
		The current head of state, Olusegun Obasanjo, commanded a notorious division in southern Igboland that committed indescribable atrocities as it overran cities, towns and villages.
		Neither he (who has been head of state for a total of nine years during the period) nor any of his colleagues (most of whom are still alive) has apologized or shown remorse for their crimes against humanity.
		In fact Yakubu Gowon, who was head of state and grand overseer of the genocide, only recently told the press in Enugu (political and cultural capital of Igboland) that he had “nothing to apologize” to the Igbo.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /May05/Ekwe-Ekwe0512.htm (942 words)

	ICSN - History/Artifacts - Early Currency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These shells were ancient money used not just in Igboland, or in Africa, but throughout the world, predating the use of coins or in some instances used in the same economy as metal coins.
		In Igboland they were a sign of wealth and importance and served for small everyday transactions and, gathered together in the millions, for bride wealth (a groom's gift to the family of the bride) and other major purchases and gifts.
		The shells were believed to possess the power of fertility, thus ensuring their acceptance throughout the wide territories of Africa.
	www.igbocsn.com /currency.htm (502 words)

	BNW: BiafraNigeriaWorld Writer's Block: Islam in Igboland: Lessons in History @ Biafra Nigeria World
		This paper examines a bitter historical irony: That while Ndigbo are being religiously, ethnically and economically cleansed from the predominantly Islamic states of Nigeria, Igbo Imams, Sheiks, Alahajis, Alhajas and mosques, once few and exotic, are now a common sight in one of the most homogeneous Christian regions in Africa.
		Fourth, this study was, unfortunately, hindered by tragedy: As this writer’s main researcher was returning from one of his field interviews in Afikpo, he was waylaid by a band of armed robbers, severely beaten, robbed, and left for dead on the road; the teenage and heavily- armed bandits drove away in his car.
		In terms of propagating the Islamic faith in Igboland, perhaps one town and two institutions have played the most significant roles: With 14 mosques, Nsukka is, undoubtedly the Islamic capital of AlaIgbo 82 And no other educational institution is as important to Muslims as the one in Afikpo, Ebonyi State.
	writersblock.biafranigeriaworld.com /revnnorom/2003apr25.html (8977 words)

	Igbo Net: The Kola-Nut Series:: The Kola Nut: As an Igbo Cultural and Social Symbol::: Rev. Fada Jon Ofoegbu Ukaegbu, ...
		In like manner, kola with one cotyledon is not eaten by man, that means that it is not broken during ceremonies because it belongs to the ancestors, an attitude reminiscent of the direct link between the living and the dead in Igboland.
		There are two major traditions: In the south of Igboland, the youngest in any group breaks the kola, while in the north-west and northern parts of Igboland the eldest person breaks the kola.
		In a general sense, the kola nut in Igboland constitutes a remarkable social symbol of hospitality, life, peace, kindness, good-will, commensality, fraternity, reconciliation and integrity.
	kolanutseries.igbonet.com /jukaegbu (2915 words)

	BNW Magazine: Biafra Nigeria World :: The Leadership Crises in Igboland:: Uche Nworah: Nworah's Journal @ Biafra ...
		We are no better than we were before they began this their leadership quest and craze.
		It appears also, that the new wave money culture was influenced by the 419 scourge in Igboland.
		I can still remember Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, the widely acclaimed Igbo and Pan —African leader and statesman; he did enjoy great prominence and respect in Igboland and was to Ndigbo what Obafemi Awolowo and Sir Ahmadu Bello were to the Yorubas and Hausas respectively.
	magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com /unworah/2005mar21-leadership-crises-in-igboland.html (1414 words)

	Nigeria - Commodity Trade
		Initially most palm oil (and later kernels) came from Igboland, where palm trees formed a canopy over the densely inhabited areas of the Ngwa, Nri, Awka, and other Igbo peoples.
		Palm oil was used locally for cooking, the kernels were a source for food, trees were tapped for palm wine, and the fronds were used for building material.
		Instead, slaves were redirected into the domestic economy, especially to grow the staple food crop, yams, in northern Igboland for marketing throughout the palm-tree belt.
	www.countrystudies.us /nigeria/12.htm (968 words)

	Farmers, Traders, Warriors, and Kings — Greenwood Publishing Group
		This time period, approximately 1900-1960, is important because it allows for the exploration of continuity and change in Nsukka women's activities, as well as the female principle, over three periods: late pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial Nigeria.
		Along the way, she raises and answers questions relating to scholarship on women, sex, and gender in Africa by uncovering the complexities of the Igbo gender construct, arguing, for example, that sex and gender did not coincide in northern Igboland.
		Consequently, women were able to occupy positions that were exclusively monopolized by men in other societies, and men, likewise, occupied positions that would have otherwise been monopolized by women.
	www.greenwood.com /books/BookDetail.asp?dept_id=1&sku=E07078 (666 words)

	Nigeriaworld Letters & Viewpoints (World Igbo Congress 2001 Convention: Communiqué) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		That World Igbo Congress should lead the effort to secure and enforce open admission policy into Nigerian universities and other institutions of higher learning that is based on merit.
		That WIC should engage in a well-coordinated media campaign to emphasize to students, teachers, parents, and the public the importance of moral value, ethics, and social responsibility in Igboland.
		That WIC should start immediately to assist in channeling resources to schools and universities in Igboland (computers, books, laboratory equipment, and other education supplies).
	www.nigeriaworld.com /letters/2001/sep/074.html (750 words)

	0104vereb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Each human person, made in God’s image and called to his family, is given an ineffable dignity which calls for and merits respect.
		Although numbers are debated, historians generally agree, that between the years 1650-1900, approximately 12 million slaves were taken across the infamous Middle Passage of the Atlantic Ocean, about 500,000 charted for British North America and the United States; over two-thirds were from West Africa and some 14 percent were from the Blight of Biafra.
		The Office of Ethnic Ministries for the Diocese of Charleston has organized various functions and displays to foster awareness of this story and promote appreciation for the rich and hard-earned presence and tradition of fl Catholics in the diocese.
	www.catholic-doc.org /miscellany/2004/0304kirby.html (943 words)

	Nigeriaworld Feature Article - Nigeria does not deserve UN Security Council permanent seat
		In the past 40 years, Nigeria has been run by a succession of genocidist generals and other operatives (military and civilian alike) who planned, executed and sustained the Igbo genocide.
		The current head of state, Olusegun Obasanjo, commanded a notorious division in southern Igboland which committed indescribable atrocities as it overran cities, towns and villages.
		Neither he (who has been head of state for a total of nine years during the period) nor any of his colleagues (most of whom are still alive) has apologised or shown remorse for their crimes against humanity.
	www.nigeriaworld.com /articles/2005/may/122.html (937 words)

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