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Topic: Igneous

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Igneous rock

Sedimentary

Rock (geology)

Metamorphic rock

Intrusive

Gabbro

Sedimentary rock

Petrology

Rhyolite

Euhedral

Granite

List of mountain types

List of rocks

Geology

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	Introduction to Igneous Rocks
		Igneous rocks are classified in several different ways (link), but all rock classifications are a combination of texture and color/composition of the rock.
		On an earth time scale, igneous fractionation is responsible for the formation of all the world's volcanic arcs and continents, the implication being, the earth began without continents, and the total size of the continents has grown with geologic time.
		A final outcome of all this is that different igneous rocks are found in different places on the earth, and all these different distributions are related to plate tectonic processes, and to the history of the earth.
	csmres.jmu.edu /geollab/Fichter/IgnRx/Introigrx.html (1420 words)

	How Igneous Rocks Are Formed (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Igneous rocks are called fire rocks and are formed either underground or above ground.
		Igneous rocks are also formed when volcanoes erupt, causing the magma to rise above the earth's surface.
		Igneous rocks are formed as the lava cools above ground.
	www.fi.edu /fellows/payton/rocks/create/igneous.htm (93 words)

	Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: Igneous Rocks
		Igneous rock that is interpreted as a former intrusion from its cross-cutting contacts, chilled margins, or other field relations.
		A sill is a flat, roughly horizontal, igneous intrusion that lies parallel to the enclosing layer of rock.
		An igneous rock texture in which the mineral grain are large enough to be seen with the unaided eye and are of approximately equal size.
	www.amateurgeologist.com /content/glossary/rock/igneous.html (4089 words)

	Igneous Rock - MSN Encarta
		Igneous Rock, rock formed when molten or partially molten material, called magma, cools and solidifies.
		Igneous rocks are one of the three main types of rocks; the other types are sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.
		Igneous rocks may also be classified according to the minerals they contain.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555655/igneous_rocks.html (588 words)

	Igneous rock at AllExperts
		Oceanic crust is composed primarily of basalt and gabbro.
		Igneous rock are classified according to mode of occurrence, texture, mineralogy, chemical composition, and the geometry of the igneous body.
		Granite is an igneous intrusive rock (crystallized at depth), with felsic composition (rich in silica and with more than 10% of felsic minerals) and phaneritic, subeuhedral texture (minerals are visible for the unaided eye and some of them retain original crystallographic shapes).
	en.allexperts.com /e/i/ig/igneous_rock.htm (2643 words)

	Igneous Rocks
		Igneous rocks are rocks formed from the crystallization of a liquid (molten rock).
		The texture of an igneous rock (fine-grained vs coarse-grained) is dependent on the rate of cooling of the melt: slow cooling allows large crystals to form, fast cooling yields small crystals.
		Igneous rocks may be simply classified according to their chemical/mineral composition as felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic, and by texture or grain size: intrusive rocks are course grained (all crystals are visible to the naked eye) while extrusive rocks may be fine-grained (microscopic crystals) or glass (no crystalline structure; i.e., no minerals).
	www.columbia.edu /~vjd1/igneous.htm (558 words)

	Geology 150- Igneous rocks
		Igneous rocks are classified on the basis of texture and mineral composition
		There is a wide variety of igneous rocks types but only a few basic types of magma, because the asthenosphere and upper mantle have a fairly uniform composition.
		Dikes: (Sierra Nevada)Tabular igneous bodies that are injected across (discordant to) the bedding of the country rock.
	www.calstatela.edu /faculty/acolvil/igneous.html (1587 words)

	Igneous Rocks
		Igneous rocks are divided into two groups, based on where the rock forms.
		Igneous rocks that form below the Earth’s surface are called intrusive igneous rocks (or plutonic).
		Igneous rocks that form above the Earth’s surface are called extrusive igneous rocks.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/earth/geology/ig_intro.html (147 words)

	School of Earth Sciences: Igneous and metamorphic petrology. Birkbeck, University of London
		To introduce the main concepts of igneous and metamorphic petrology and to relate the occurrence of igneous and metamorphic rocks to plate tectonics and orogenic activity.
		To introduce students to the study of igneous and metamorphic rocks by means of the petrological microscope so that students can identify and interpret their mineralogy and textures.
		Classification of igneous and metamorphic rocks; recognition of rock-structure and textures; the generation and consolidation of magma; the use of experimental data from natural and synthetic melts; the relationship between metamorphism, igneous activity and plate tectonics.
	www.bbk.ac.uk /es/current/descriptioncourses/ig_petrol (363 words)

	BBC - GCSE Bitesize - Chemistry \| Changestoearthandatmosphere \| Igneous rocks
		Igneous rocks are formed when hot, molten rock (called magma) cools and solidifies.
		Intrusive igneous rocks form when the magma comes from deep underground and is forced into the upper layers of the Earth's
		Fossils are the remains of animals and plants from a past geological age, preserved in the earth's crust.
	www.bbc.co.uk /schools/gcsebitesize/chemistry/changestoearthandatmosphere/0rocksrev3.shtml (272 words)

	7a. Igneous Rocks: Forged by Fire [Beyond Books - Earth Science: Part 2]
		Igneous rocks get their name from the Latin word ignis, meaning "fire." Small wonder: the magma from which igneous rocks form can reach temperatures close to 1200°C (2192°F).
		One type of intrusive igneous rock that forms from the same type of magma as basalt is called gabbro.
		The best known of the igneous rocks is granite, an intrusive rock that forms from the same type of magma as rhyolite.
	www.beyondbooks.com /ear82/7a.asp (886 words)

	Igneous (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A PEGMATITE is an igneous rock distinguished by its abnormally large crystals.
		The term PORPHYRITIC is used as an adjective to describe this distinct texture of igneous rock, e.
		Fragmental igneous rocks are produced when existing igneous rocks are put under stress or moved causing them to fracture.
	www.gc.maricopa.edu /earthsci/imagearchive/igenous.htm (626 words)

	Igneous rock Summary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Oceanic crust is composed primarily of basalt, gabbro and peridotite.
		Igneous rock are classified according to mode of occurrence, texture, chemical composition, and the geometry of the igneous body.
		Granite is an igneous intrusive rock (crystallized at depth), with felsic composition (rich in silica and with more than 10% of felsic minerals) and phaneritic, subeuhedral texture (minerals are visible for the unaided eye and some of them retain original crystallographic shapes).
	www.bookrags.com /Igneous_rock (2452 words)

	Igneous Landforms -- The Slackpacker's Geology Primer
		Igneous forms seen in canyons are usually intrusives; the magma crystallized beneath the earth's crust but has since been exposed by whatever formed the canyon.
		Some igneous forms in canyons are extrusive, such as the lava flow in the western portion of Grand Canyon NP; the lava flowed after the canyon had been formed.
		Mesas due to igneous formations tend to be caprock (often basalt) that protects the "body" of the mesa from erosion.
	www.slackpacker.com /igneous.html (1498 words)

	CVO Website - Igneous Rocks
		Igneous rocks (from the Greek word for fire) form from when hot, molten rock (magma) crystallizes and solidifies.
		Igneous rocks are divided into two groups, intrusive or extrusive, depending upon where the molten rock solidifies.
		Igneous rocks are classified by the geologic environment where they formed from the crystallization of molten material, and perhaps more importantly, by their mineral composition.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /LivingWith/VolcanicPast/Notes/igneous_rocks.html (852 words)

	Class 4 Igneous Rocks & Magmatic Deposits
		Igneous rocks are those which form by crystallizing from molten magma (melted rock).
		Most of the igneous rocks present at or near the earth’s surface are crystallized from some type of silicate magma, which means the melt was made up mostly of the two elements silicon and oxygen, combined to form “silica”;, or SiO2.
		Igneous rocks which are light in color are on the left and those which are dark in color are on the right.
	www.dmtcalaska.org /course_dev/explogeo/class04/notes04.html (2848 words)

	Igneous Rocks
		Igneous rocks cannot be given names reflecting a specific chemical or mineralogical composition, since these are too variable, although they are composed of minerals of more or less definite composition.
		An igneous rock is one that has been formed by the reaction of its constituents in an environment that has allowed them to more or less freely associate in forms that minimize the free energy U - TS, or minimum internal energy and maximum entropy, at moderately high temperatures.
		The textures of igneous rocks are often classified by terms that imply the mode of emplacement of the rocks.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/geol/igneous.htm (2233 words)

	Igneous Rocks
		Igneous rocks that cool and crystallize on the Earth's surface are called extrusive igneous rocks.
		Igneous rocks are classified or named on the basis of their texture and their composition.
		Igneous rocks cannot be classified by their process of formation, because the processes are interpreted from the rocks.
	www.gpc.edu /~pgore/Earth&Space/GPS/Igneous.html (965 words)

	Igneous Rocks
		List the various kinds of intrusive igneous bodies (dike, sill, laccolith, stock, batholith) and describe each in terms of the criteria used to classify plutons.
		Igneous rocks are classified on their texture and their composition.
		May also resemble a sedimentary conglomerate or breccia, except that rock fragments are all fine-grained igneous or vesicular.
	www.gpc.edu /~pgore/geology/geo101/igneous.htm (614 words)

	Igneous Rock Identification Exercise
		Igneous rocks are crystalline or glassy rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of molten magma.
		Igneous rocks are classified on the basis of mineralogy, and texture.
		As discussed earlier, texture is used to subdivide igneous rocks into two major groups: (1) the plutonic rocks, with mineral grain sizes that are visible to the naked eye, and (2) the volcanic types, which are usually too fine-grained or glassy for their mineral composition to be observed without the use of a microscope.
	geology.csupomona.edu /alert/igneous/ignrxs.htm (1238 words)

	The 3 basic rock types (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Igneous rocks are crystalline solids which form directly from the cooling of magma.
		Igneous rocks are given names based upon two things: composition (what they are made of) and texture (how big the crystals are).
		In most places on the surface, the igneous rocks which make up the majority of the crust are covered by a thin veneer of loose sediment, and the rock which is made as layers of this debris get compacted and cemented together.
	jersey.uoregon.edu /~mstrick/AskGeoMan/geoQuerry13.html (484 words)

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