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	Ii Naosuke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ii Naosuke (井伊直弼 Ii Naosuke, 1815 - March 3, 1860) was Tairo of Japan from April 23, 1858 until his death.
		Ii was active in the reform of the bakuhan taisei system, as well as in the defense of Tokyo Bay during the arrival of Matthew C. Perry.
		Ii was in favor of opening Japan to the West, which caused friction with sonnō jōi rebels supporting the expulsion of "barbarians" from the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ii_Naosuke (305 words)

	ii naosuke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ii Naosuke (井伊直弼, 1815 - March 3, 1860) was Tairo of Japan from April 23, 1858 until his death.
		He was born as the fourteenth son of Ii Naonaka, daimyo of Hikone.
		Ii was in favor of opening Japan to the West, which caused friction with sonno joi rebels supporting the expulsion of "barbarians" from the country.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /ii_naosuke.html (323 words)

	Ii Naosuke -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ii Naosuke (井伊直弼 Ii Naosuke, 1815 - March 3, 1860) was (Click link for more info and facts about Tairo) Tairo of (A constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building) Japan from April 23, 1858 until his death.
		Ii won the tairo election against (Click link for more info and facts about Hitotsubashi Keiki) Hitotsubashi Keiki, who was supported by the tozama domains of the west.
		Ii was in favor of opening Japan to the West, which caused friction with (Click link for more info and facts about sonno joi) sonno joi rebels supporting the expulsion of "barbarians" from the country.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/ii/ii_naosuke.htm (348 words)

	Ii Naosuke -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Ii family, from which he was descended, ruled the fief of Hikone and played an important part in the administration of the shoguns—i.e., the military dictators who had in effect ruled Japan since the 12th century.
		Bhaskara II was born in 1114 in Biddur, India.
		Mohammad II (Mehmed the Conqueror) (1432–81), Ottoman sultan, born in Adrianople (now Edirne); during rule (1444–46 and 1451–81), captured Constantinople and thus completed the Ottoman destruction of the Byzantine Empire; fourth son of Murad II; restored and repopulated Constantinople after capture in 1453; reorganized Ottoman administration, codified laws, encouraged scholarship...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042080?&query=ii (911 words)

	Shiga Prefecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The castle is associated with Ii Naosuke who was the Tokugawa shogunate's Great Elder (Tairo).
		Lord Ii Naosuke from Hikone Castle served as a Tairo (Great Elder) in the Tokugawa government and played a key role in helping to open Japan to foreigners.
		Ii was later assassinated in 1860 outside Edo Castle by people who sought to oust the foreign "barbarians."
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Shiga_Prefecture (1326 words)

	Tairo Ii Naosuke
		Ii Naosuke became tairo at a time when the shogunate was already under pressure from Western powers to make further concessions for open trade.
		On July 29, 1858, Ii Naosuke signed the Harris Treaty to open Japan to trade with the United States, thereby undermining the majority of domains across the country in which strong anti-Western sentiment prevailed.
		Ii Naosuke, who did nothing to strengthen the bakufu or institute effective economic reforms, came under severe criticism for having signed the treaty without imperial approval.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C20/E2004.htm (3953 words)

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		Ii Naosuke's assassination triggers Alcock to retell the story of Chûshingura.
		The Mito rônin assassinated the Prime Minister at Sakuradamon-gai on March 3, 1860 to avenge their Prince whom the regency under Ii Naosuke accused of murder and banished from the capital.
		If "there be any truth in the popular version," The Mito rônin took Ii Naosuke's head to their Prince, who spat on the severed head, which the rônin then displayed in Kyoto for two hours as a traitor, before finally tossing the head back into Ii's mansion.
	www.columbia.edu /~hds2/chushinguranew/chushingura/retelling/Alcock.htm (1140 words)

	Sonno-joi
		The bakufu's 'strong hand' was Ii Naosuke (Turnbull, 161.) Ii Naosuke was a strong supporter of the bakufu and could trace his lineage back to one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's staunchest allies at the Battle of Sekigahara.
		Ii Naosuke was far from popular with the Japanese when he was appointed as tairo (Great Councillor.) In 1858, the Shogun, Tokugawa Iesada, died without an heir.
		Ii Naosuke, acting with the encouragement of Townsend Harris, (who had a particular fondness for his head) abused his legal authority and appointed Tokugawa Yoshitomi as Shogun (Turnbull, 161.) The sonno-joi factions were furious at this.
	www.samurai-archives.com /snj.html (3968 words)

	26MARCH2000
		During the brief time that he was in Tokugawan custody, Naomasa Ii is said to have treated him as a superior out of respect for his enemy.
		His son, Naotsuga Ii, decided Hikone-yama (named for an ancient prince who ruled or died or is buried here) would be the best place for the new castle.
		This was a complete surprise to Naosuke who was 32 when he became heir to the Lordship.
	kuwona.users4.50megs.com /26march2000.html (1381 words)

	Tokugawa Yoshinobu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But enemies led by Ii Naosuke gained support and put up Tokugawa Iemochi as 14th Shogun.
		Upon the assassination of Ii Naosuke in 1860, to save the Tokugawa shogunate from self-destruction, Tokugawa Keiki was nominated in 1862 to be a member of the 5-man council of elders (advisers), the Roju.
		Keiki then took numerous steps to quell the rising rebellion, and gathered allies to counter the rebellious Choshu province and treaties with foreign states.
	www.esdng5.com /en/wikipedia/t/to/tokugawa_yoshinobu.html (610 words)

	Ii Naosuke - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ii Naosuke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ii Naosuke - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Ii Naosuke.
		Here you will find more informations about Ii Naosuke.
		The orginal Ii Naosuke article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Ii-Naosuke.html (341 words)

	1837-53. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		King William II of Holland warned the shogun by letter of the futility of the seclusion policy.
		i), led by Tokugawa Nariaki (1800–60), ex-lord of Mito domain and a devotee of the imperial institution; and those who saw that concessions to the foreigners were necessary to avoid destructive war, led by Ii Naosuke (1815–60), a high bakufu official.
		Naosuke favored Tokugawa Iemochi (1858–66), lord of Kii; Nariaki favored his own son, Hitotsubashi Keiki (Yoshinobu, r.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1438.html (605 words)

	Sinister Designs: Yoshitoshi Tsukioka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ii Naosuke (1815-1860), daimyo of Hikone, was a member of the Shogun's Council when Perry arrived at Edo.
		Ii, known for foreign sympathies, decided for the boy, Tokugawa Iemochi, enraging the Lord of Mito.
		Ii was assassinated at the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle on a snowy morning in March, 1860, as he arrived in a palanquin(background left) to attend the Shogun's court.
	www.sinister-designs.com /graphicarts/sakurada.html (273 words)

	Michi Online: No. 3 / Spring 2000: Lowry: To Blossom and Scatter
		The moment of the attack or the response cannot be recaptured, the waza cannot be "undone." There is a singularity of experience as individual as a morning glory's bloom in summertime--one that lasts not even as long as that flower's brief existence.
		The phrase ichi-go; ichi-e--"one encounter; one opportunity"--was popularized by Naosuke Ii in a treatise he wrote in the 19th century entitled Chanoyu Ichi-e Shu.
		Ii used "ichi-go; ichi-e" to describe the spirit of the tea ceremony.
	www.michionline.org /spring00/page10.html (507 words)

	Samurai Assassin (1965) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A group of disgruntled samurai of the Mito clan, assisted by a bunch of ronin, is plotting the assassination of Elder Ii Naosuke (Koshiro Matsumoto).
		Thus, the Mito samurai want Ii dead because they want to place their own contender as the 14th shogun, Tsuruchiyo wants Ii dead because he hopes to get a cushy sinecure with the victorious clan, and Kurihara wants Ii dead because he thinks this will end the shogunate and the samurai era.
		The real traitor is uncovered a bit later and the crushed Tsuruchiyo vows to behead Ii for the sake of the friend he murdered.
	www.gotterdammerung.org /film/reviews/s/samurai-assassin.html (518 words)

	Takao Club - Incidental Files - Alcock's Dog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The assassination of Ii Naosuke on 3 March 1860 by 17 Mito ronin
		This attack was soon followed by the assassination of Ii Naosuke, the Tairo or Shogun's chief minister, in March 1860 by 17 Mito ronin (see picture on left).
		Ii Naosuke had negotiated and signed the Ansei treaties, including the 1858 Harris and Yeddo Treaties, which had allowed the Westerners to enter Japan.
	www.takaoclub.com /alcock (1413 words)

	Late Tokugawa Chronology
		Ii Naosuke, leader of Fudai, replaces beleagured Hotta, assumes title of TAIRO
		No sooner had Shoin heard the news of Ii’s “blasphemy,” than he made a complete turnabout in his political stance, and became the most radical of zealots who preached Imperial Reverence and Expelling the Barbarians.
		Shoin’s plan was never realized, for it was determined by the Choshu authorities that his radicalism threatened the well-being of their daimyo.
	www.willamette.edu /~rloftus/lateTokchron.html (972 words)

	Ii Naomasa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Ii were originally from Tôtômi Province and claimed descent from Fujiwara Yoshikado (ca.850).
		He was noted for dressing his men in red armor, and his contingent was often known as Ii's 'Red Devils' for its fighting spirit (Ii himself was sometimes called 'Akaoni', or Red Devil/ogre).
		The Ii remained politically important throughout the Edo Period, culminating with Ii Naosuke and his Ansai Purge and assassination in 1859.
	www.samurai-archives.com /iinaomasa.html (554 words)

	eZ Systems -
		It was by this gate that Ii Naosuke was assassinated in 1860, and this was shown in a print by Yoshitoshi.
		The next picture was a lithograph made by G.V. Cappelletti in 1881 of a government building which in 1882 became the headquarters of the general staff until it was destroyed in the 1945 bombing.
		Final slides showed scenes of the funeral of Meiji and the accession of Taishoh, with state coaches which came from England, and the last picture was a rendering of the Nijuubashi by Onchi Kohshiroh.
	www.asjapan.org /Lectures/1995/Lecture/lecture-1995-05.htm (1500 words)

	[No title]
		But this terror would end with the murder of Ii Naosuke (the "Sakuradamongai no Hen" -- the "Outside of the Sakurada Gate Affair" - the Sakurada Gate is located in the Chiyoda district of Edo, now Tokyo), which happened on March, 3rd, 1860, First Year of Man-en Era.
		The killers were identified as roushis (wandering samurais ^_^) from the Mito Han, as a retaliation for the terror Naosuke inflicted upon people with the "Ansei no Taigoku" and for Naosuke letting foreigners in.
		Ii's successor, Andou Nobumasa (Chief of the Mutsu Iwakitaira Han, now province of Miyagi), started the "Koubu Gattai", which was shaking hands with the Emperor in order to strengthen the power of Bakufu.
	www.nabiki.com /nichan/archive/Authors/SerizawaKamo/bakumatsu.txt (3153 words)

	Impact on Japan of Perry's Expedition, 1853 - II
		The naval expedition that brought the U.S. President's formal request for trade and other concessions made a profound impression on the Japanese leadership and left them in no doubt as to how much they had fallen behind the Western powers in their ability to protect their national security.
		The following is one of those responses which favored a compromising stance to the American demands in order to buy time to build up Japan's naval strength and restore her honor and dignity.
		Observations of Ii Naosuke, Lord (daimyo) of Hakone, Oct. 1853:
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob105.html (895 words)

	Yoshida Shoin Archetype of Japanese Revolutionaries with ManEbooks.com
		The Loyalists claimed that the Shogun was merely an Imperial agent, who at the beginning of the seventeenth century had been commissioned by the Emperor to protect Japan from foreign invasion.
		In April 1858, Ii Naosuke was appointed Tokugawa Regent, making him head of the Shogun’s council and arbitrary ruler of the military government.
		Defiant as ever and determined to set the authorities on the proper course, Shoin not only openly expressed his disdain for the dictatorship of Regent Ii and his suppression of the Loyalists, but he took it upon himself to divulge his assassination plans.
	www.manebooks.com /Shoin.htm (2056 words)

	Tokugawa Nariaki Biography
		Nariaki was put in charge of bakufu efforts to defend the country against encrouching foreigners.
		His own view was that the bakufu should strengthen its military and fight the foreigners, and was at odds with Ii Naosuke on the issue.
		Nariaki and Naosuke fought over who would succeed the Shogun Iesada, with Nariaki championing his son Keiki.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Nariaki_Tokugawa.html (136 words)

	DETARVER \| Meiji Restoration
		In this Nariaki was opposed by the bakufu's chief councillor (tairo), Ii Naosuke, who tried to steer the nation toward self-strengthening and gradual opening.
		But Ii's effort to restore the bakufu was short-lived.
		Ii's death inaugurated years of violence during which activist samurai used their swords against the hated "barbarians" and all who consorted with them.
	www.detarver.com /samurai_masters/Meiji_Restoration.html (907 words)

	Japan Negotoates With American Commodore Perry To Open Trade
		However, the former feudal lord of Japan, Ii Naosoke, part of the Shogunate class under the Tokugawa Dynasty, felt that Japan was not strong enough to defend itself from foreign aggression.
		He argued that "while Japan is not yet strong enough to defend itself from foreign aggression, foreign contact would eventually provide Japan with the strength necessary to reimpose a policy of isolation" (3).
		Prior to Ii Naosoke, Abe Masahira, senior counselor since 1843, supervised the strengthening of Japan's coastal defense.
	sun.menloschool.org /~sportman/westernstudies/second/24/cblock/angieb (672 words)

	Syllabus
		Overview: This is an introductory survey of modern Japanese history, covering 1850 to the present.
		Topics include a brief survey of traditional Japanese society and politics; the fall of the shogunate and the Meiji Restoration; industrialization and economic development; the rise of political parties; militarism and World War II; the American occupation and postwar recovery.
		Although the emphasis will be on major political events and institutional developments, we will trace social and cultural currents through literature, including dramas and novels.
	www.history.emory.edu /RAVINA/2002_372_Syllabus.htm (529 words)

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