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Topic: Ilija Garasanin

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Greater Serbia

Nikola Pasic

Aleksandar Rankovic

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Mosa Pijade

Stevan Moljevic

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Slobodan Milosevic

Zeljko Raznatovic

Maciej Rataj

Draza Mihailovic

Charles Simic

Radovan Karadzic

Milla Jovovich

	[Projekat Rastko] Dusan T. Batakovic: Ilija Garasanin's Nacertanije: A Reassesment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		One of the youngest but the most prominent among them was Ilija Garasanin, who advocated the establishing of modern state institutions by means of reforms carried out in an administrative manner, and the strengthening of the state through an independent orientation in its foreign policy.
		Garasanin commended the Plan, satisfied because its main postulates, adapted to the local circumstances, corresponded to Czartoryski's Conseils which he considered to be the masterpiece of political wisdom.
		Garasanin did not expect the downfall of Austria for another few generations: in 1844 this was to be on the verge of a utopia.
	www.rastko.org.yu /istorija/batakovic/batakovic-nacertanije_eng.html (11080 words)

	Serbian nationalism from the "Nacertanije" to the Yugoslav Kingdom
		In 1843, Ilija Garasanin became Minister of Internal Affairs in the government of a new Serbian prince.
		Garasanin was the son of a prosperous merchant, and a leader in the Constitutionalist Party, the wealthy notables, traders, and landowners who held power in the Council (or Senate) created by the Constitution of 1838.
		Garasanin identified the core areas of Serbian interest, recognized the ambiguous relationship between Serbs and Croats (at a time when South Slavic thinkers in the Illyrian Movement in Croatia assumed unity of purpose), and accepted the inevitable conflict of interest between Austrian state interests and those of Serbia.
	www.lib.msu.edu /sowards/balkan/lect13.htm (4590 words)

	College English Research Paper Sample (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Judah describes Ilija Garasanin as "one of the towering figures of Serbian history, because he was the first Serbian politician to articulate a national ideology" (Judah 56).
		Banac also states that Garasanin believed "the frontiers of new Serbia had to be extended to all the areas where Serbs lived" to ensure that all Serbs were in favor of "liberation and unification" for a Greater Serbia (Banac 83).
		Judah states, "Garasanin thought that the essay should be written in the ‘spirits of national union of Serbs and Bosnians’" (Judah 58).
	www.english.uwosh.edu /henson/writing/101_respap_samp.html (2925 words)

	Serbia's Role in the Conflict in Vojvodina, 1848-49 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Garasanin, a conservative advocate of law and order, warned his subordinates the revolution in the Austrian Empire would foster disorder on Serbia's northern frontiers; he instructed them to urge the Serbian people to remain calm and obey the authorities unconditionally.
		Garasanin commented: "We cannot withdraw now no matter what diplomacy does." Garasanin wanted Serbian troops to remain in the Vojvodina throughout the winter, then half of them should return to Serbia; he doubted that more aid could be sent despite pleas from the Vojvodina Serbs.
		Ilija Garasanin, rather than Prince Aleksander Karadjordjevic, deserves most credit for these achievements.
	cscwww.cats.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/rz/serbvio.htm (1937 words)

	The West and the "Serbian Question" - by Marcus Osterrieder
		The fundamental political ideas of 'Pan-Serbism', principally directed against the continuing existence of the Ottoman and the Habsburg Empires, were first formulated by the then Serbian foreign minister Ilija Garasanin (1812-1874) in a secret document (Nacertanije) in 1844, referring back to the plans of the Polish politician in exile, Adam Czartoryski (1770-1861).
		Garasanin, however, changed it to the effect that he substituted a federation that was based largely on equality of Croats and Serbs for a centralistic and unitarian national concept.
		Garasanin thought that the natural allies of Serbia in its struggle against the Ottoman empire and Austria were Russia next to France and England.
	www.transintelligence.org /articles/westserbian.htm (2370 words)

	Uncoordinated Plans and Political Objectives
		Garasanin sought to win over those officers who were reliably known to be honest and ready to serve the Serbian national idea, by offering them prospects of "ensuring their future with Serbia and in Serbia."
		It has already been noted that Garasanin suspected that Croatia's and Bishop Strossmayer's actions for the liberation and annexation of Bosnia to Croatia were actually sponsored by Austria.
		Garasanin does not seem to have been overly suspicious about the links between the Croatian politicians led by Strossmayer and the official circles of Austria as regards the Military Frontier and aspirations to attach Bosnia to Croatia and the Monarchy.
	www.suc.org /culture/library/Krestic/files/9.htm (4056 words)

	The Kosovo Chronicles, by Dusan Batakovic (Part 2a)
		Garasanin believed, with the cooperation of Montenegro and Greece, that Serbia, as the most powerful Balkan force, should bear the heaviest load in the organization and in preparations for the uprising.
		Anticipating the creation of a common Serbian-Bulgarian state, Garasanin believed that Albania, after liberating itself from the Turks, as well as Greece, should be an independent country, allied with the new Slavic state for purposes of defending common and special interests.
		The Serbian section of the paper was editored by Ilija Stavric, rector of the Seminary, and texts were translated into Serbian by a distinguished national worker and subsequent Serbian consul to Pristina, Todor P. Stankovic.
	www.snd-us.com /history/dusan/kc_part2a.htm (12466 words)

	Books: Greater Serbia - Nacertanije
		The "Nacertanije" is the first written treatise to outline Serbian territorial aims on the Balkans, as well as their "historical right" to assume a leadership position in that part of Europe.
		It was written in 1844 by Ilija Garasanin, who was at the time serving as Minister of Internal Affairs of Serbia in the government of King Alexander Karadordevic.
		Ilija Garasanin (1812-1874) was very active in Serbian public life in the 19th century.
	www.hic.hr /books/greatserbia/garasanin.htm (1625 words)

	Serbia Info News / Severely Damaged Children Theatre and Children Cultural Centre, the Surrounding Buildings and ...
		Broken windows, glass pieces, concrete segments, bricks, and iron scattered all around throughout the Tasmajdan park, the Takovska, Aberdareva and Ilija Garasanin streets speak vividly on the force of the enemy impact and the intention to destroy as many civilian facilities as possible.
		Bomb fragments dashed through the balcony and open windows into the apartment on the fifth floor, and all around there were concrete and bricks, remnants of carpentry, glass and dust, says Zarko Sotra from the Ilija Garasanin street, some two hundred meters away from the aggressors' yesterday's target.
		Velja Milanovic, whose house stands next to the Television fence in the Ilija Garasanin street was but lucky to stay alive, as well as his neighbour who stayed without a roof.
	www.serbia-info.com /news/1999-04/24/11251.html (852 words)

	The Bar Association of Kragujevac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The modern practice of law was established in Serbia by the Public Attorneys Act proposed by the government of Ilija Garasanin on 28 February 1862 during the reign of Duke Mihail Obrenovic.
		By adoption of this act the legal aid was performed only by the educated lawyers, registered by the Ministry of Justice.
		Therefore, they develop the cooperation with other professional organizations in the country and abroad, courts, Ministry of Justice, faculties of law as well as with the international bar associations.
	www.advokatskakomora.org.yu /summary.htm (133 words)

	Nationalism of Illiterate Merchants \| M. Bozinovich \| Columns \| serbianna.com
		In order to create an intellectual underpinning behind this new anti-libertarian imperialism, a leader of Constitutionalists and a man that abandoned making money for a political adventure, Ilija Garasanin writes his "Nacertanije" (Draft) that is to be a Programme for Serbia's foreign and national policy at the end of 1844.
		Czartoryski's advices left a strong impression on Garasanin, and were the points of departure in formulating the final text of Nacertanije.
		While the word "freedom" occurs twice in Garasanin's text and may therefore foreshadow the amount of interest he dedicates to this great human cause, it is also telling to note the purposes he uses it for.
	www.serbianna.com /columns/mb/019.shtml (1265 words)

	The Politics of Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Part of the answer lies in Milosevic's technique of appealing to a nationalist historical myth which he used to rally the population along political ethnic lines.
		In 1991 Milosevic adopted the concept of a "Greater Serbia." This is a Serbian expansionist policy that dates back to the political nationalist Ilija Garasanin in 1844.
		Garasanin outlined the steps necessary to cut out a larger Serbian state from the surrounding Slav, Ottoman, and Albanian territories.
	www.providence.edu /polisci/students/genocide/ThePoliticsofGenocide.htm (2126 words)

	Steve plays armchair analyst: - No BS Martial Arts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Following the revolution against the Ottoman Turks and the consequential independence of Serbia from its 5-century Ottoman rule in the late 19th century, Serbian political figures such as Ilija Garasanin began advocating for even further political action.
		Garasanin advocated for a “Greater Serbia” where the “borders had to be extended to all areas where the Serbs lived (Banac, 138)”
		Garasanin’s call for a Greater Serbia did not fall on deaf ears.
	www.bullshido.net /forums/sitemap/index.php/t-19053.html (3574 words)

	Milosevic Transcript 2003-07-24 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		May, that the historian blames Serbian nationalists for using Garasanin's Nacertanije, as she writes in her report, from the Second World War, claiming Muslims, Montenegrins as Serbs or blaming Vuk Karadzic for counting as Serbs everyone who uses the Stokavian dialect.
		And you probably know, as you studied this, that some Muslims families in the 60s of the nineteenth century, famous families cooperated with the Serbs, such as, for instance, the Rizvanbegovic from Herzegovina, the Halilovici from Sarajevo, the Kulanovici, the Filipovici, the Miralamici [phoen], the Azifagici [phoen], Idrizbegovici from the Bosnian Krajina.
		I've already stated that I think most Serbian politicians including Garasanin saw Yugoslavia a Yugoslav project as a more utopian one, certainly one that would have to be put off for a later time.
	www.slobodan-milosevic.org /documents/trial/2003-07-24.html (17855 words)

	Bosnia Report - March-May 1998 Special Issue - Misha Glenny and the Balkan mind
		Exemplary of the superficiality of his historical understanding is an article of his published in the New York Review of Books in September 1996, in which almost every fact adduced is grossly erroneous.
		Of Ilija Garasanin's 1844 plan for a Greater Serbia, Glenny writes that Garasanin 'wanted to annex Bosnia for one reason: to secure access to the sea and therefore reduce his country's economic dependency on the Austro-Hungarian Empire'.
		In 1844 Bosnia was a landlocked country separated from the sea by territory that belonged to Austria, at whose expense Garasanin ruled out expansion; he stated, in fact, that Serbia's access to the sea was 'for now possible only via Skadar', in northern Albania.
	www.bosnia.org.uk /bosrep/marmay98/misha.cfm (2024 words)

	Milosevic Transcript 2004-12-09 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The first time it was published was in 1906, and that is when the discussions began as well as contradictory assessments of that document which was assessed as a Greater Serbia in Serbian and a Yugoslav document today.
		It was supposed to be carried out in the following way: Without any revolutionary impact, without wars, by the gradual falling apart of the Turkish Empire, which was gradually falling apart during the previous two centuries, based on a particular type of law, not based on national and natural law.
		Those territories were liberated by the Serbian state in the first and second Balkan war, and of course during World War I by uniting with them, with the exception of Macedonia, which was occupied militarily.
	www.slobodan-milosevic.org /documents/trial/2004-12-09.html (18117 words)

	THE VIDOVDAN HYDRA - The collection of texts about Serbian expansionism
		Ilija Garasanin was one of the most active Serbian politicians in the 19th century.
		Garasanin knew that Serbia would need the aid of neighbouring countries for the realization of these plans and he counted on the weakening of the Balkan states by the fall of the Turkish Empire, thus enabling Serbia to grab certain territories more easily.
		The Serbian national program outlined in "Nacertanije" of 1844, originated from the re-establishment of Dusan's Empire in the XIV century, with certain changes which were a consequence of political events from the middle of the previous century.
	www.freewebs.com /index44/serbianexpansionism.htm (17160 words)

	IFB - Documents - DOCUMENTS OF CENTRE FOR HISTORICAL STUDIES
		Already in the formative period of Serbia as a nation state, in 1844, this idea became established as the very core of the Serb foreign-policy programme.
		It was formulated in the Nacertanije or ‘Draft Plan’ of Ilija Garasanin, memorandum that was to dominate the home and foreign policy of modern Serbia - first as an independent state and later as part of the Yugoslav state.
		Garasanin had put forward his memorandum setting out the goals of Serbia’s territorial reconstruction as follows: ‘The Serb state, which has got off to an auspicious start but must yet spread and grow stronger, has its firm foundations in the Serb empire of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and in the rich and glorious Serb history’.
	www.ifbosna.org.ba /engleski/dokumenti/historija/81/1.html (1797 words)

	An International Symposium "Southeastern Europe 1918-1995"
		Thus Garasanin proposed for this purpose the publication of certain religious books in the Serbian language, which were then to be used during religious ceremonies in Bosnia.
		These were the ideas of Garasanin which the state administration of the Serbian state of that time implemented.
		Ilija Garasanin, Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic, Nikola Stojanovic, Jovan Cvijic, Vasa Cubrilovic and Stevan Moljevic, let us learn about the theses represented by the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences through it renowned MEMORANDUM.
	www.hic.hr /books/seeurope/004e-beljo.htm (6965 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		As early as the mid-19th century, many Serbs believed that all the western Balkans should eventually be ruled from Belgrade.
		In his famous Nacertanije (Programme) of 1844, Ilija Garasanin, minister of internal affairs in a Serbia that was still technically under Ottoman rule, outlined the stages by which Serbian control might gradually extend to include the whole of the region, and generations of Serbs were taught to dream of that Greater Serbia.
		Their opportunity came with the First World War, which destroyed the Austro-Hungarian empire and left the Slovenes, Croatians and Bosnians free to seek their own destinies.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1060529/asp/opinion/story_6279049.asp (604 words)

	Gavrilo Princip and Patrick Pearse: Nationalism, Patriotism, and Rebellion: A Comparison \| Carl Savich \| Columns \| ...
		The leader of the insurgency in the Grahovo Polje region of Hercegovina was the Serbian Orthodox priest Ilija Bilbija, who was from the same village as the Princip family and who later would christen and choose the name for Gavrilo Princip.
		Influenced by Adam Czartoryski, Serbian Ilija Garasanin began devising plans for uniting Serbian-populated areas of the Balkans.
		Croatian Roman Catholic Bishop Josip Strossmayer was an advocate of South Slav unity as well and corresponded with Garasanin on the formation of a unified South Slav state.
	www.serbianna.com /columns/savich/028.shtml (6714 words)

	1997/11/06 22:41 WITH GENETICS AGAINST OPPONENTS
		The first to react was president of HDZ youth Mario Kapulica, who called criticism of Tudjman's speech "empty politicizing and moralizing".
		There is no racism of any kind in that speech, claims Kapulica, but the intention was only to say that there are opponents of Croatia in general, no matter what it is like, like in the case of Greater Serbian encroachment from the time of Ilija Garasanin to this day.
		It must have appeared to someone that Kapulica was awkward in his defence of Tudjman, because in one (Serb) case he permitted his words to be understood as they were understood, so a day later, an article appeared in Vjesnik signed by the editor-in-chief Nenad Ivankovic.
	www.aimpress.ch /dyn/trae/archive/data/199711/71106-020-trae-zag.htm (955 words)

	Greater Serbia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By extension, after the establishment of Yugoslavia, Greater Serbianism has been applied to attempts to impose Serbian domination of Yugoslavia.
		The work describes the lands on the Balkans, then inhabited mostly or partially by Serbs but ruled by the empires, and included Macedonia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Vojvodina, as well as parts of Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary.
		Ilija Garasanin's "Nacertanije": A Reasessment, including full translation of the document to English language
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greater_Serbia (3647 words)

	kosovo.net: Kosovo Origins, by Hugo Roth
		A national programme for the complete liberation of the Serbian people was formulated in the 1840s and the role which liberated Serbia was to undertake.
		The liberation of all South Slavs was the chief aim of Serbia but within the framework of the liberation of all non-Ottoman peoples and together with them.
		Namely, Garasanin attached great significance to winning over the Albanians in a broad-based campaign against the Turks.
	www.kosovo.net /sk/history/kosovo_origins/ko_chapter2.html (1203 words)

	AltaBuzz.com - AltaBuzz.com providing quality information and content everyday! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		< Ilija Trojanow Bcher von Geschenkidee.ch ber Mio.
		< Ilijas idea was to Present House Music with those deepfunkyelectrotech >...
		< Ilija was Playin With Names such as Nathan Coles,Linus,Richard Littler >...
	www.altabuzz.com /index.cfm?a=Ilija (153 words)

	UnitedAlbanian.com - History of Kosova
		Kosova, Western Macedonia, Preveso, and South Montenegro were taken from Albania because of the Slavs' thirst for expansion, which had this as their policy since 1844.
		The first expansionist policy of the Serbs was planted ever since Ilija Garasanin, minister of internal affairs of Serbia in 1844, who called the policy "Nacertanija".
		This is the time when"Greater Serbia" got its roots.
	unitedalbanian.com /content/category/3/66/212 (329 words)

	Tim Judah, "The Serbs" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Who was Milos Obrenovic and what was his ruling style?
		Summarize the life and influence of Ilija Garasanin.
		What does Judah think of the use of these 19
	www.english.uwosh.edu /henson/TBIS/Bosnia/judahque1.html (1711 words)

	The "Macedonian Question": Notes to the question and the position of Skopje
		After the Serbian Revolution (1804-1830) and the establishment of the Serbian autonomous principality (1834), Serbia sought to play a leading role among the Yugoslav Peoples as well as throughout the Balkans.
		, "The Plan", that Ilija Garasanin worked out in 1844 and which constituted the guideline for Serbian foreign policy during the entire 19th century.
		About the Serbian hegemonistic policy after World War I, see M. de Vos,
	www.hri.org /docs/macque/notes2.html (714 words)

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