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	Macedonia for the Macedonians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The national and liberationist character of the uprising is clearly expressed in the programmatic document 'Constitution (Regulations) for the Macedonian Uprising Committee', and in the inscription on the seal 'Seal of the Chief of Staff of the Macedonian Uprising, 1878'.
		The uprising was put down in June 1879 but it had further repurcussions in western Macedonia in the area between Bitola, Ohrid and Kicevo, in the Prespa region, the vicinity of Kostur, etc. The Osmanli reaction was brutal; many people were imprisioned, and even more were exiled, mainly to Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania.
		The high point of the Ilinden Revolution was the establishment of the Krushevo Republic in the town of Krushevo in central Macedonia.
	www.makedonija.info /uprisings.html (2830 words)

	Macedonia FAQ: Macedonian uprisings In the 19th And the Begginning of 20th Centuries (Kresna)
		The second uprising (the Kresna Uprising) took place in October 1878 in an utterly new situation; it was a reaction to the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and was greatly influenced by Russian victories in the war to liberate Bulgaria (1877-78), in which hundreds of Macedonians took part as volunteers.
		The uprising was put down in June 1879 but it had further repercussions in western Macedonia in the area between Bitola, Ohrid and Kicevo, in the Prespa region, the vicinity of Kostur, etc.
		In the decade before the uprising of 1903, this organization spread its network throughout the territory of Macedonia and devised a complex organizational structure, from village committees up to the Central Committee and Representatives Abroad, it became a mass popular organization, led by the intelligentsia and with grass-root support primarily among the Macedonian peasantry.
	faq.macedonia.org /history/uprisings.19.20.html (1228 words)

	ssport.net - Macedonian News
		The decision for starting the big uprising was made at Thessaloniki Congress in January 1903 and four months later in spite of the divisions whether the conditions were ripe for the uprising, the decision was confirmed at Smilevo Congress.
		The highest achievement of Ilinden Uprising was the establishment of Krusevo Republic, phenomenon on the Balkans, founded on democratic and republican principles, following the example of Paris Commune.
		Although defeated after only ten days, Ilinden Uprising and Krusevo Republic will be a foundation and experience on the future road for national and social liberation and will define the directions and historical perspective for realizing the idea of Macedonian statehood with first ASNOM Assembly in 1944.
	www.jeack.com.au /~bitola/newsmak124.html (419 words)

	speech 2003 - ILINDEN AND THE MACEDONIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY
		The defeat of the uprising was in fact their own defeat, and it plunged Macedono-Bulgarianism, as a Macedonian national orientation, into a crisis from which it never recovered fully.
		The enormous impact of Ilinden on the shaping of the Macedonian national identity was not evident in the short term, in the immediate aftermath of the uprising.
		As the Makedonisti of the Ilinden period hoped, they prepared the ground for the development of a Macedonian literary language and facilitated the growth of a Macedonian national culture and political thought; that is, they prepared the ground for the completion of the process of the formation of the Macedonian nation.
	www.macedonianarts.org /speech_2003.html (2912 words)

	The 1903 risings in Macedonia and Thrace - Anarchism in Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The St Elijah's Day (Ilinden) uprising of 1903 is of prime significance in the history of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia, be it in terms of the number of participants, its duration and its level of organization, or be it in terms of its repercussions in the Ottoman empire and beyond.
		The population remained in the villages and the uprising was limited to various acts of sabotage in the first night: the telegraph lines between Lerin and Bitola were cut, road and railway bridges were destroyed, and governor's towers on the estates were set on fire.
		The quashing of the uprising was particularly brutal in Eastern Thrace.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/eastern/bulgaria_1903.html (16919 words)

	The Ideals of Ilinden: Uses of Memory and Nationalism in Socialist Macedonia
		The Ilinden Uprising was not the first armed attempt to establish a degree of autonomy in the territory of Macedonia.
		At a January 1903 IMRO congress, Garvanov urged that an uprising be launched in the spring of that year, and though many delegates argued that their constituents were unprepared, in the end the congress voted unanimously for rebellion.
		This uprising played a very significant role in the development of the Macedonian people's awareness of their unity throughout the whole territory of Macedonia and of their spirit of oneness both there, in the Balkans, and wherever else the diaspora might take them to.
	www.kroraina.com /knigi/en/other/j_krapfl.htm (7863 words)

	100 years of Ilinden
		After preparations for an uprising against the Ottomans on the 2nd Aug. 1903, on the macedonian religious holiday St. Ilija (Ilinden), it was realized in the Krushevo area.
		He organized and led the Macedonian national liberation movement which resulted in the Ilinden Uprising and the short-lived Krushevo Republic.
		He was killed in "Mechkin Kamen" (in the Krushevo area) during the Ilinden Uprising.
	macedon.freewebspace.com /i2003.htm (300 words)

	The Ilinden Uprising and the Krushevo Republic
		The Central Committee's representative office in Sofia informed the Great Powers that an uprising had begun, explaining that the plight of the Christian population in Macedonia had worsened and forced the population to rise up.
		The uprising began on August 2, 1903, the Feast of St. Elias.
		The Ottomans dispatched a sizable army to suppress the uprising.
	www.mymacedonia.net /history/ilinden.htm (1525 words)

	Ministry of defence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It is a significant fact that the Headquarters of the Macedonian uprising is formed as a military and political leadership which leads and co-ordinates the activities of the uprising companies on the whole uprising area.
		Although the development of the military organization is not completed by the beginning of the Ilinden event, which on the other side has repercussions on the final success of the Ilinden uprising, still, it covers the whole national area and it has a horizontally and vertically-subordinate dimension.
		The Ilinden uprising epilogue of august 2,1903 is the Krusevo republic as an expression of the national and democratic efforts of the Macedonian people in the fight for their own free state.
	www.morm.gov.mk /english/History/roots.htm (538 words)

	Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising or simply the Ilinden Uprising of August 1903 (Bulgarian: Илинденско-Преображенско въстание, Ilindensko-Preobrazhensko vastanie, Macedonian: Илинденско востание, Ilindensko vostanie) was an organized revolt against the Ottoman Empire prepared and carried out by the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation (see IMRO for more info on the name, origins and goals of that organisation).
		The uprising took place in the Bitola vilayet and the northeastern part of Adrianople vilayet — parts of the regions of Macedonia and Thrace.
		The rebellion in Macedonia affected most of the central and southwestern parts of the Bitola Vilayet receiving the support of the local peasant and Vlach population of the region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ilinden-Preobrazhenie_Uprising (543 words)

	Slav
		He emphasized that today's session was focused on famous Ilinden Uprising from 1903, its symbol Krusevo Republic, the efforts for establishing independent state crowned with ASNOM's First Assembly in 1944 and gaining independence from SFRY in 1991.
		The Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) announced today that the Macedonian delegation would not be allowed to mark Ilinden at the Monastery "Prohor Pcinski" on August 2 if the Macedonian Government did not amend "the illegal and discriminative decisions" on the SOC priests, including revocation of the court procedure against SOC bishop Jovan.
		The legendary cherry-tree cannon, used by the Macedonian rebels during Ilinden Uprising in 1903, was handed over Friday afternoon to Defense Minister Vlado Buckovski at a formal ceremony.
	www.network54.com /Forum/221692/thread/1057149975/1059730445/Ilinden. (1140 words)

	THE ILINDEN UPRISING AND THE KRUSEVO REPUBLIC
		The Ilinden uprising (so called because it started on Ilinden - St. Ilija's Day) was a turning-point in the national and revolutionary struggle of the Macedonian people.
		Written by Nikola Karev himself, it outlined the aims of the Uprising, calling upon the population to join forces with the government in the struggle against tyranny and enslavement to attain freedom and independence.
		A surprised Turkish government took extensive military measures to quell the uprising: 176,000 soldiers, 3,700 mounted troops and 444 cannon's were sent to Macedonia.
	www.cybermacedonia.com /iliupris.html (542 words)

	Macedonia
		Uprisings outside of Western Macedonia were limited to swift guerilla actions consisting mostly of attacks against Ottoman institutions, bombings of railway lines and the occasional skirmish with the Turkish militia.
		In the Ilinden aftermath, according to Radin, in total 4,694 civilians were murdered, 3,122 women were raped, 12,440 houses were burned, 201 villages were razed, 75,835 people were left homeless and about 30,000 people left the country for good becoming permanent refugees (page 105, IMRO and the Macedonian Question).
		When reports of the uprising could no longer be contained and filtered out to the foreign media, it became clear that the Turks were not as successful as they claimed in keeping peace and maintaining the status quo in Macedonia.
	www.mymacedonia.net /articles/part4.htm (8354 words)

	Kometal Fans :: Kometal Gjorche Petrov - Skopje (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The uprising was and still is a symbol of the Macedonian disobedience and the eternal fight for freedom and human rights.
		Even it was defeated, the ILINDEN uprising has big importance for keeping the Macedonian national identity and the biggest message from it is that the Macedonians wanted to have their own state and to live free.
		Therefore, ILINDEN is the day of the truth, day when the Macedonians from all around the world are united and that’s the day which is the sparkle that will never turn off in the hearts of the Macedonian people.
	www.kometalfans.com /index.php?page=html/disobedience.htm (219 words)

	N.U.Institute and Museum - Bitola
		The Ilinden Uprising was the theme of the remarkable exhibition organized the Hall of Culture - Bitola in 1993.
		To mark the 95th anniversary of the Ilinden Uprising, the Institute and Museum organized a documentary exhibition titled "The Ilinden Uprising in the Bitola Revolutionary District" and a catalog was published.
		On the occasion of the great jubilee of "A 100 years since the Ilinden Uprising" (2003) a great documentary exhibition was organized (with 40 panels), a fitting celebration of such an important anniversary.
	www.muzejbt.org.mk /en_files/istorisko_oddelenie_en.htm (695 words)

	Culture - Republic of Мacedonia
		The realization of the project is included in the events in honour to the 100th Anniversary of Ilinden Uprising, 100 years from Goce Delcev’s death, and 100 years form the publication of “On Macedonian Affairs” by Krste Petkov Misirkov.
		The premiere is expected in the second half of June to coincide with the 100th Anniversary of Ilinden Uprising and 15 Years of Reinvention of Skrpb i Uteha Theatre.
		Monument “Ilinden” or “Makedonium” will be the stage of part of the activities at the central August 2 manifestation in honor of 100th anniversary from the Ilinden Uprising and the Macedonian statehood.
	www.culture.in.mk /?rub=69 (5606 words)

	[No title]
		The town of Krusevo came to be marked as the uprising's symbolic epicenter, and its residents took pride in national recognition of their town's distinctive heritage.
		Historians, politicians, and artists re-cast the heroes of Ilinden as forebears of the pan-Yugoslav Partisan movement of 1941-44: the Krusevo Republic was thus celebrated as not only Macedonian, but as socialist and Yugoslav; and the egalitarian ideals of its leaders were highlighted.
		Collectivization served to reduce the status and economic power of precisely those old men and women who were the targets of the pension plan, for whom it thus became crucial to describe their past lives in such a way as to deserve a pension.
	pup.princeton.edu /chapters/DAB/sent/0691099952.html (8867 words)

	2003 OSCE - Macedonian Minority in Bulgaria
		OMO Ilinden was founded in 1990 to unite Macedonians in Bulgaria on a regional and cultural basis and to achieve recognition of the Macedonian minority in Bulgaria.
		In 1991 the association was refused registration as the courts ruled that its aims were directed against the unity of the nation, that it advocated ethnic hatred and was dangerous for the territorial integrity of Bulgaria.
		OMO Ilinden applied for permission from the city of Petrich to celebrate the Ilinden uprising of August 2, 1903 and to commemorate the blinding of King Samuel’s 14,000 Macedonian soldiers by the Byzantine King Vasilious II in 914AD.
	www.florina.org /html/2003/2003_osce_bulgaria.html (3417 words)

	[MGSA-L] Re: MGSA-L digest, Vol 1 #494 - 7 msgs
		Ilinden (St Eliah's day) was the IMRO uprising in Western Macedonia, which erupted on July 20th (old calendar) 1903.
		The Preobrazhenie uprising is not considered a part of their national history, but probably a Bulgarian national event.
		But that does not explain why the Ilinden revolt, which started on the Feast Day of Saint Ilja/ Elias, August 2, should be called Preobrazhenije, nor is there any clue in the Krushevo Manifesto (http://www.mymacedonia.net/history/manifesto.htm).
	maillists.uci.edu /mailman/public/mgsa-l/2003-August/002141.html (495 words)

	KRUSEVO
		In this town, the Ilinden insurrectionists established the Krusevo Republic which only ten days later was suppressed in blood by the Turks.
		The "Makedonium" monument of the Ilinden Uprising is to be found in Krusevo.
		There are also a number of museums of the Ilinden Uprising, a Gallery of 19th century icons, and a memorial gallery to the master of modern Macedonian painting, Nikola Martinovski, who was born in this town.
	www.cybermacedonia.com /krusevo.html (238 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 6
		The Macedonian uprising belongs to the process, the general struggle for liberation from the ottoman rule that characterized the Balkan Peninsula during the XIX century.
		The Macedonian uprising against the Ottoman government of the Sultan Abdul Hamid II lasted 3 months and covered most of Macedonian territory.
		The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact, the influence on European foreign policy and the perception abroad of the Ilinden uprising based not on Macedonian sources but on international sources, primarily diplomatic reports and articles of the European press around 1903.
	www.macedonianarts.org /projects_content_2003_speeches.html (957 words)

	K. Brown - Monumental memories: the intervention of the state
		Between 1968 and 1974 a monument to the Ilinden Uprising of 1903 was commissioned and built on the outskirts of the town of Krushevo.
		In 1983, a statue was unveiled on Mechkin Kamen, a battleground from the 1903 Uprising outside Krushevo.
		The leader whose remains were interred in the monument was Nikola Karev, contentiously identified as the principal author of a manifesto in 1903 which represented the Uprising as an attempt to win social justice for all.
	www.kroraina.com /knigi/en/db/brown_7.html (1056 words)

	The Post Ilinden Events in Macedonia during 1904
		The Ilinden Uprising, with no doubt, represents an event of enormous significance for the more recent history of the Macedonian people, the most important act of the national liberation struggle from the end of XIX and the beginning of this century.
		The vivid interest in Macedonia, about the uprising, about the Republic of Krusevo and the tortured Macedonian people did not stop even after the formal crash of the Uprising.
		They were sending their reports to the newspapers or governments regarding the situation in Macedonia after the Ilinden Uprising.
	www.makedonika.org /STOICOVSKI1.htm (1624 words)

	ROAD SCHOLARS - Features news
		Ilindensko Vustanie (Ilinden uprising) Street in the Sofia residential area of Nadezhda is named after the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie uprising which took place in what is now Macedonia and Bulgaria.
		The SMOC instigated the start of an uprising in the valley of Struma River in 1902 (the so-called Gorna-Djumaya uprising), but it was brutally stifled.
		The main headquarters of the uprising in Macedonia, under the leadership of Gruev and Boris Sarafov, was aware of that.
	www.sofiaecho.com /article/road-scholars/id_2546/catid_29 (4555 words)

	Macedonia - What Went Wrong in the Last 200 Years - Part IV - The 1903 Ilinden Aftermath by Risto Stefov
		By mid-day the Western Region of Macedonia was on fire as church bells rang, rifles crackled and bellowing smoke enveloped mountains and valleys alike.
		Vrhovist involvement, as expected, was minimal during the uprising and brought to light once again the true nature of Vrhovism (Macedonia for the Bulgarians).
		Before the uprising, Russia and Austria proposed "The Vienna Scheme of Reform" which basically required the Turks to appoint an Inspector General to each of the Macedonian Vilayets for a minimum of three years.
	www.maknews.com /html/articles/stefov/stefov8_print.html (8352 words)

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