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Topic: Ilkhan Emperors

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	Mongols - LoveToKnow 1911
		To cement the alliance the emperor K'ang-hi invited all the Kalka chiefs to meet him at the plain of Dolon-nor.
		Having thus secured his powerful southern neighbour, as he thought, he turned his arms against the Kalkas, whose chief ground of offence was their attachment to the cause of his brothers.
		The empire of the Ilkhans established by Hulagu lasted nominally until 1353, but after the death of the Ilkhan Abu Said in 1335 the real power was divided between five o f P er i ans petty dynasties d nasties which had been formed out of the of P provinces conquered by Hulagu.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Mongols (12574 words)

	Ilkhan - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Even under Hülegü's reign, the Ilkhanate was engaged in open warfare in the Caucasus with the Mongols in the Russian steppes.
		Under the harsh reign of the succeeding emperors after Hulegu, the Muslim majority were oppressed under the Buddhist emperors, who encouraged the flourishment of Tibetan Buddhism and Nestorianism.
		However, with the conversion of Ghazan to Islam, Islam rose once again, and their Buddhist and Christian counterparts were severely harassed.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Ilkhan (574 words)

	LOTE13 Newsfax, Turn 3
		The Ilkhan Akhulili, who handled the negotations over Turkmen, was seen at most of the parties in Ctesiphon for some months, working hard to overcome the natural antipathy between the Persians and those from the traditional source of evil, Turan.
		The example of the emperor in sparing his enemies was well-received among the people, who chose to take it as a sign of wisdom and forbearance, and not a token of weakness and nepotism.
		The putative emperor had already accepted the nominal claims of K'ung Ti, and in the course of negotiations with general Liu and his aides decided that the route of An Ti was not for him.
	www.xmission.com /~bob/lote13/PriorFax/FaxT003.html (15854 words)

	Mongolia - HISTORY
		In the recurrent process of sinicization, by the middle of the tenth century Kitan chieftains had established themselves as emperors of northern China; their rule was known as the Liao Dynasty (916-1125).
		The reigns of the later Yuan emperors were short and were marked by intrigues and rivalries.
		Mongols not only pledged personal loyalty to the emperor, but they also became inseparable from their banner and could not serve in any capacity in another banner.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/mongolia/HISTORY.html (18249 words)

	SchoolNotes.com - Notes Page
		The emperor and court were preserved, but all power rested with the Minamoto and their samurai.
		When the emperor refused to recognize the new regime he was driven from Kyoto; with the support of warlords he and his heirs fought against the Ashikaga and their puppet emperors.
		Ilkhan khanate: one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire.
	www.schoolnotes.com /22181/jdoyle.html (18307 words)

	The Thirteenth Century
		Theodore now claimed to be emperor (in rivalry to the emperor John III Ducas Vetatzes (1222-54) in exile in Nicaea), and was coronated in Thessalonica by Demetrius Chomatianos, archbishop of Ohrid, in 1226/27.
		The Roman (Byzantine) emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus, being hard-pressed militarily by Charles of Anjou, monarch of Sicily, needed the protection of the papacy.
		The synod excommunicated the pope, the patriarch, and the emperor.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Pines/7224/Rick/chrono13.htm (7571 words)

	Department of Asian Pacific Studies, San Diego State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		When he learned from his messengers that an emissary of Jin Emperor Changzong had recently arrived on the steppes to visit Toghrul Khan, chief of the rival Kerait tribe, Temujin decided to invite the Chinese diplomat to pay him a visit as well.
		Emperor Xuanzong sweetened the agreement by presenting gifts of gold, silver, horses, slaves, and a princess (who became one of Genghis's many wives) to the Mongol ruler.
		As soon as Emperor Xuanzong reached his new capital at Kaifeng, he ordered a number of Khitan troops in the imperial guard to surrender their horses and equipment.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~aps1/graphics/101_Mongols.htm (12050 words)

	Mechwarrior Registry OverLord Guidelines
		The IlKhan is the leader of the Clan Grand Council (CGC).
		The IlKhan is the arbitrator of honor challenges.
		IlKhan can give suggestions and can set up votes if he/she feels that the Clan in mind is not in their right mind for the tasks, which they are attempting.
	www.mechreg.org /Lords.htm (867 words)

	LOTE13 Newsfax, Turn 4
		But by then the Ilkhan's lance head was already a length away from his opponent, and in an eyeblink was protruding redly from the Khakhan's neck, having pierced the gorget.
		While the Yen emperor awaited the arrival of a large mercenary army in Hopei, the Toba emperor was busily despoiling the Later Ts'in homeland of Shensi.
		Naturally, the putative Emperor was furious, arguing that the enemy had reportedly fortified their new villages throughout Venetia, probably still outnumbered them, and that in any case Stilicho would be in charge of any operations.
	www.xmission.com /~bob/lote13/PriorFax/FaxT004.html (21793 words)

	THE ASSYRIANS AND THEIR NEIGHBOURS
		Emperor and Patriarch discussed reunion and soon came to an understanding, sharing together the holy mysteries; this understanding held good between the Emperor and the head of the Armenian Church.
		Free leave was given for its propagation, and the Emperor, who was a liberal-minded man and had an intellectual wife, specially ordered a copy of the Scriptures, or at least of the Gospels, to be translated into Chinese for the Empress's library.
		The Emperor of Constantinople of the day (Constans II) -had tried to rouse them to revolt against the Khalif, with the idea that they might help in the recovery of some of the provinces lost to the Empire.
	www.aina.org /books/aatn.htm (20478 words)

	Khanate Encyclopedia Article @ Despotism.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The title Khan was also used to designate the rulers of the Jurchens, who, later when known as the Manchus, founded the Qing dynasty of China.
		The Mongolian title of the Qing emperors, Bogdikhan, would later be transmitted to the Russians in late 17th century.
		For Ilkhan (both a generic term for a 'provincial Khan' and traditional royal style for one of the four khanates in Genghis's succession, based on Persia) see that article
	www.despotism.net /encyclopedia/Khanate (2357 words)

	Lords 27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Emperor Anubis was eager to do all that was necessary to restore Egypt's fortunes after the plague.
		The Emperor will not be pleased." Riots soon threatened to break out amongst some of the troops as they weren't paid on time.
		The Emperor then ordered the port of Chiangning stormed, it was taken without to many casualties.
	www.throneworld.com /lords/lote27/archive/turn021.html (7568 words)

	Arpa Ke'un - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1336) was an Ilkhan (1335-1336) during the disintegration of the Mongol state in Persia.
		He was a member of the house of Tolui.
		He was succeeded as Ilkhan by the puppet Musa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arpa_Ke'un (172 words)

	Mongolia
		Second, during periods when China was united and strong, trade with Inner Asian peoples was allowed, and nomadic states either became vassals of the Chinese emperor, or they retreated beyond his reach into the northern steppes; conversely, when China appeared weak, raids were made into rich Chinese lands, sometimes resulting in retaliatory expeditions into Mongolia.
		Fourth, on several occasions, raids into northern China were so vast and successful that the victorious nomads settled in the conquered land, established dynasties, and eventually became absorbed--sinicized--by the more numerous Chinese.
		In 1224 Subetei led the expedition back, after a trek of more than 6,400 kilometers, to a rendezvous with the main Mongol armies, that were returning from their victories over the Khwarizm.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Mongolia.html (9631 words)

	The Age of Chivalry - Knight Hospitaller 1136-1309 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was agreed that the Palestinian-Franks would attack Egypt overland and the Emperor's forces would attack by sea.
		Even the coming of Frederick, the excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor, in 1231 to the Holy Land did not halt Outremer's decline, despite his remarkable coup of gaining Jerusalem via negotiation.
		The arrival of the Ilkhan Mongols in the Middle East gave some respite to the Christians as they swept into the area taking Damascus and Aleppo and many other Muslim towns.
	www.taoc.co.uk /content/view/94/47 (5345 words)

	The Mongol Warlords
		Grandson of Ghengis, Emperor of China and Founder of the Yüan Dynasty (1259 - 1368)
		Grandson of Ghengis, Kublai completed the Mongol conquest of China, and on the death of brother and joint ruler Mongke, set himself up in Peking as the first Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, as well as remaining Great Khan and expanding and consolidating the borders of the Mongol Empire to east, south and west.
		Ilkhan Hulagu, was the first Khan of the Ilkhanate of Persia and brother of Kublai and Mongke.
	www.paradoxplace.com /Insights/Civilizations/Mongols/Mongols.htm (754 words)

	Blood and Iron - Wizards Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The God emperor is a "fallen god", a god without a pantheon, son of a forbidden cosmic union and banished from the spheres.
		His generals are emperors and autocrats, military geniuses of his conquered worlds, unflinching devotees to his unending conquest.
		Kruscia is ruled by the Cold hearted Immortal Emperor, his undying body has orchestrated one of the Largest empires of the North, and seen it reduced to struggling to survive in the land he had turned into a prison (think Siberia).
	boards1.wizards.com /showthread.php?p=10403392#post10403392 (3009 words)

	HIS 101 - Lectures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Emperor Henry IV was excommunicated because of his disobedience
		In China, the ravages of the plague were followed by Chinese resurgence, leading to the downfall of Mongol rule in 1368 and the rise of the Ming dynasty; at the same time, demographic recovery coincided with cultural revival so that the Confucian tradition once again became the dominant Chinese ideology.
		Soon after, the ambitious and confident Ming emperors began to organize grand naval expeditions that displayed Chinese power at almost all major ports in the Indian Ocean basin.
	northonline.sccd.ctc.edu /his101sr/lectures/lecture10.htm (6032 words)

	Battuta's Trip Ten
		The Mughal Dynasty is a line of Muslim emperors who reigned in India from 1526 to 1858.
		Babur, the first Mughal emperor, was a descendant of the Turkish conqueror Timur on his father's side and of the Mongol (in Persian, Mughal) conqueror Genghis Khan on his mother's side.
		He was surprised that the once mighty Ilkhan Empire was falling apart.
	www.sfusd.k12.ca.us /schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta's_Trip_Ten.html (1408 words)

	National Gallery of Art \| Press Office
		Devastating Mongol incursions into Muslim Central Asia and Iran in the early thirteenth century were followed by a full-scale invasion in the 1250s, culminating in the conquest of Baghdad in 1258.
		The Mongols’ leader, Hulagu, became ruler of Iran and Iraq as vassal of the Great Khan in China with the title of Ilkhan.
		The Ilkhanid emperors fostered an economic and artistic revival of their territories, but their dynasty failed in the 1330s.
	www.nga.gov /press/2004/212/dyn.shtm (1601 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Arts of the Mongols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Three hundred years later, one of their descendants through the maternal line, Babur, established the Mughal line of emperors that ruled India until the British conquest in 1858.
		Retreating to Mesopotamia and Persia, he and his successors, under the title of ilkhan ("sub-khan"), ruled the lands of western Asia for the next century.
		Monumental tombs became one of the most visible symbols of Mongol power and authority, erected by their successors all the way down to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan and his construction of the most famous tomb in the world, the Taj Mahal.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200301/the.arts.of.the.mongols.htm (3204 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Mamluk Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		They're known as the first empire to defeat the Mongolians in 1260 in Ayn Calut, and then in Elbistan in 1277...They had stopped Ilkhan Dynasty from advancing further east.Due to that victory in 1260,Sultan Baybars is known as their most famous sultan.
		They don't probably know that Mamluk emperors were of Turkic origin, but as the people they ruled over were mostly Arab, they tend to see the Mamelukes as some kind of an extension for Islamic Empire and Abbasids
		The next few Emperors Iltumish, Razia (Iltumish's daughter) and Balban were all from the same turkish officer circle.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=12617 (2445 words)

	[No title]
		He began with the storming of Kalat er-rum, a fortress on the Upper Euphrates in the neighbourhood of Bireh, the possession of which was important both for the defence of Northern Syria and for attacks on Armenia and Asia Minor.
		Distrust and uneasiness existed between these two, one of whom was regent and the other prefect of the palace, for each wanted to assume the chief power; but soon their private intrigues were put into the background by a common danger.
		The Ilkhan Gazan was actively preparing for war against the Mamluk kingdom because the Governor of Aleppo had fallen upon Mardin, a town belonging to the Mongols, and brutally maltreated the inhabitants; also because the refugees from Egypt and Syria assured him that the moment was favourable for extending his dominion over these lands.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/1/7/3/3/17332/17332-8.txt (22186 words)

	The Treasures of Genghis Khan
		“In obedience to the Emperor’s command the master craftsmen had been called together and consulted, and in the end it had been decided that the tent should be made of a single sheet of cloth with two surfaces.
		To this end, the Ilkhan Ghazan commissioned Rashid al-Din, a Persian vizier, to write a history of the Mongols.
		Or you have the Chinese emperors, but their faces are Mongol facial types.
	www.neh.gov /news/humanities/2002-09/treasures.html (2225 words)

	Qajar (Kadjar) Titles and Appellations
		These cases aside, under the Qajars (Kadjars), there were many prominent members of the court and prominent members of the Qajar clan who had titles that could be considered equivalent to titles of nobility in the European context on account of their blood relations with the royal line.
		As to the titles of the Imperial family, the Emperor (Shahanshah) would be referred to as A'laa Hazrat; the Empress as Oliaa Hazrat, and the Crown Prince as Vaalaa Hazrat and also as Hazrat-e Aghdass-e Vaalaa (by definition!).
		Regarding the distinction of Head of Imperial House and Crown Prince or Heir Presumptive, as the case may be, that distinction did not occur until after the death of Mohammad Hassan Mirza, who was acknowledged as shah in exile by the Imperial family.
	www.qajarpages.org /qajtitles.html (3644 words)

	Mongol alt timeline [Archive] - SpaceBattles.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Egypt’s Christian Copts are spared the worst of the assaults due to the intercession of the patriarchs of Alexandria and Constantinople.
		Batu agrees to spare them, but charges the Byzantine emperor just as if her was selling the population as slaves.
		In return, Batu uses the ‘emperors ransom’ to expand the power of his new fleet, hire mercenaries and strip the market of Damascus blades, European mail, and Byzantine remounts and composite bows.
	kier.3dfrontier.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-90062.html (4179 words)

	Numismatic Coin Club World Internet Numismatic Society - MEMBER ARTICLE
		The Slavs were safely behind the River Elbe, the Arabs were behind the Pyrenees, and the worst threat, the savage Avars in what is now Hungary, were smashed by Charlemagne's army.
		He was crowned king in Aachen, his capital, but was crowned as the first Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, by the Pope, on Christmas Day 800.
		Otto's son and grandson, Emperors Otto II and Otto III were still building new mints in their reigns.
	www.winsociety.org /newsletter/vol-4/medieval_05-06.html (7838 words)

	Christian Church In Pre-islamic Persia - History Forum
		The native Persians were typically called Nazerines and no loyalty to the Byzantine Emperors.
		Because Eastern Christianity was considered one of the 'mongol' religions, the Mongol invaders of Iran who established the Ilkhan state favored the Christians over the Muslims who had conquered Iran six centuries previously.
		It's always been one of historys little speculations as to what would have happened had eastern Christianity taken a firmer hold on the Mongols, allowing a spread into China of much larger proportions in the 13th century.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2045 (414 words)

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