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Topic: Illegitimacy

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	Illegitimacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Illegitimacy was a term in common use for the condition of being born of parents who were not validly married to one another; the legal term was bastardy.
		Generally speaking, in the United States, "illegitimacy" has been supplanted by the concept, "born out of wedlock." One does not speak of a child being "illegitimate"; all children are equally legitimate.
		Despite the decreasing legal relevance of illegitimacy, an important exception may be found in the nationality laws of many countries, which discriminate against illegitimate children in the application of jus sanguinis, particularly in cases where the child's connection to the country lies only through the father.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Illegitimacy (835 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Illegitimacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Illegitimacy is subject to many social influences, some of which tend to increase and some to diminish the illicit intercourse from which it results, some of which diminish it without lessening such intercourse, and some of which increase it in the statistical records without increasing it in the eyes of God.
		That the large proportion of illegitimacy in Bavaria is not, as some have assumed, to be attributed to the Catholic religion, clearly appears from the fact that the evil is greater in the Protestant than in the Catholic sections of the country.
		In this connexion it is worth noting that two nations having the same proportion of illegitimacy, as compared with either the total population or the total number of births, may have a very different rate as compared with the total number of unmarried females between the ages of 15 and 45.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07650a.htm (4147 words)

	Adoption History: Illegitimacy
		Illegitimacy is not a widely used word today, and young people may not even recognize it as an insult.
		Eugenicists were also dismayed by illegitimacy because they considered it a major factor in the reproduction of mental deficiency, disease, and anti-social behavior.
		In the case of African-American children, perceptions of cultural difference in regard to illegitimacy were compounded by patterns of legal segregation that impacted child welfare as surely as they did education, housing, employment, and voting.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~adoption/topics/illegitimacy.htm (1629 words)

	ILLEGITIMACY - LoveToKnow Article on ILLEGITIMACY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is difficult to explain the vatiations in tOe rates of illegitimacy in the several counties.
		It has been said that one of the contributory causes of illegitimacy is the contamination of great cities; statistics, however, disprove this, there being more illegitimacy in the rural districts.
		That poverty is a determining factor in causing illegitimacy the following figures, giving the rate of illegitimacy in the poorest parts of London and in certain well-to-do parts, clearly disprove: Rate of Illegitimacy ~er woo Births.
	6.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IL/ILLEGITIMACY.htm (1513 words)

	Illegitimacy Ratio Declining - by Robert Rector and Sarah Youssef - The Heartland Institute
		Illegitimacy is the underlying cause of child poverty, welfare dependence, and most other social problems.
		Since the 1960s the illegitimacy ratio, which is the percentage of all births that are births to unmarried women, has risen steadily, increasing more than 500 percent during the 35 years after 1960.
		Reducing the illegitimacy ratio is an integral step in reducing child poverty and increasing the well-being of all children.
	www.heartland.org /Article.cfm?artId=359 (425 words)

	Jesse’s Illegitimacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Jackson's problem is that in his rush to resume his"public ministry" and point fingers, he's turning a blind eye to the crisis of illegitimacy that is ravaging the community he purportedly represents.
		Illegitimacy is a pattern that repeats itself over the generations.
		It's too late for Jackson to break the cycle of illegitimacy in his own family, but it's not too late for him to prevent it for millions of others through his testimony and his witness.
	www.frontpagemag.com /articles/Printable.asp?ID=2902 (737 words)

	[No title]
		We show that illegitimacy rates are positively and significantly correlated with payments under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program over a period in which real AFDC payments declined.
		The effect of welfare subsidies on illegitimacy rates is one of the most contentious issues in welfare reform.
		With an increase in illegitimacy rates, legislators might either reduce AFDC payouts to respond to the social pathologies of illegitimacy and to repel welfare-motivated migrants, or increase AFDC payouts to attract welfare-motivated migrants for their votes (Brinig and Buckley 1996).
	mason.gmu.edu /~fbuckley/Unwed24.htm (4983 words)

	The 'Illegitimacy Bonus' and State Efforts To Reduce Out-of-Wedlock Births
		Although the first illegitimacy bonus will be awarded in 1999, little is known about how—or even whether—states are actively pursuing the bonus, because the law imposes no obligation on them to announce their intention or to inform the federal government of specific steps they have taken to compete for the money.
		For example, in an explicit effort to compete for the illegitimacy bonus, Tennessee used $190,000 in FY 1998 TANF funds to award grants of $5,000-22,500 to counties with the highest rates of nonmarital births among women aged 18-24; a second round of funding is expected this year.
		The first illegitimacy bonus, however, is scheduled to be awarded by the time the current federal fiscal year ends on September 30, 1999.
	www.guttmacher.org /pubs/journals/3109499.html (4252 words)

	Illegitimacy Exercise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Today illegitimacy is almost unknown in many Islamic and Catholic nations, but in Britain and most Western European nations it is quite common with up to one in three babies being born to unmarried (but not necessarily unpartnered) women.
		Generally the illegitimacy rate is preferred to the illegitimacy ratio because the ratio will give a distorted picture of the level of illegitimacy in those instances in which there is: (a) a low birth rate, and/or (b) a large sex imbalance within the population.
		Thus the illegitimacy rate for England and Wales as a whole was 20.91 per thousand - the rate being lowest in London (10.68) and Middlesex (10.52), and highest in the northern counties of Cumberland (32.82) and Westmorland (32.77).
	web.staffs.ac.uk /schools/humanities_and_soc_sciences/census/illegit.htm (2105 words)

	Illegitimacy Epidemic Continues - by Robert Rector - The Heartland Institute
		The collapse of marriage and the rise of illegitimacy together represent the nation's number one social problem.
		Illegitimacy is the major underlying cause of welfare dependence.
		Illegitimacy is also the root cause of child poverty.
	www.heartland.org /Article.cfm?artId=767 (414 words)

	Genealogy Pages Isle of Man - Illegitimacy
		Illegitimacy in the Island does not appear to have been studied in detail - however it could not have been that unusual judging both from researched figures for England and Scotland, and from the few printed references to it.
		The continued rise of illegitimacy, pre-nuptial conceptions, prostitution and consensual unions during the first two-thirds of the nineteeth century suggest that more and more of the poor were being removed from parental and communal restraints on pre-marital relations by the twin actions of increasing poverty and geographical mobility....
		Illegitimacy does not vary with the age of marriage in an expected way; over the period 1600-1850 the mean age at marriage for men and women has varied by 2 years and showed (though not in all parishes) an inverse correlation with illegitimacy - the younger the age at marriage the more bastards!
	www.isle-of-man.com /manxnotebook/famhist/genealgy/illegit.htm (2402 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2003.10.21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In it she gathers together important examples of what might be called the "poetry of illegitimacy" and distills from them the principal ways in which Archaic and Classical Greek literature sang and wrote of the problem of legitimate birth.
		As her particular manner of defamiliarization she explores the fascinating, if predictable, inter-relation of illegitimacy as a poetic construct with the other poetic constructs of the texts where nothoi play a decisive role.
		Is Socrates' ironic speculation about illegitimacy among the gods really to be assimilated, for example, to the materially-motivated failure of the Spartiate lineage in Ephorus fr.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2003/2003-10-21.html (1193 words)

	Welfare Law and the Drive to Reduce 'Illegitimacy' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As Congress lays the groundwork to reauthorize the welfare law in 2002, one of the challenges it will face is the lack of a straightforward approach to assessing whether the law has had the desired effect on birthrates--and whether any identified effect stemmed from changes in sexual activity, contraceptive use or recourse to abortion.
		Some states reported having acted in response to a formal decision to seek the illegitimacy bonus; others, however, had taken steps to lower nonmarital childbearing even in the absence of any official policy or, in some cases, after concluding that they had little chance of winning the bonus.
		While the prospect of winning $20 million through the illegitimacy bonus apparently has helped to galvanize many states to address out-of- wedlock childbearing, states are not required to inform the federal government of steps they have taken to compete for the money.
	www.agi-usa.org /pubs/ib_welfare00.html (2411 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Defect of Birth (Illegitimacy) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The law of illegitimacy directly debars all the foregoing classes of persons from promotion to orders, and the exercise of the functions proper to the orders already received; and it indirectly prevents such persons from obtaining a benefice.
		Therefore the Church raises the barrier of illegitimacy before the entrance to the priesthood.
		This episcopal, or quasi-episcopal, jurisdiction does not extend to a benefice which was immediately possessed by the father of the person seeking the dispensation, nor to a benefice which by custom or privilege requires its possessor to be in major orders.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02579b.htm (1158 words)

	The Real Welfare Problem Is Illegitimacy by Heather Mac Donald, City Journal Winter 1998
		Illegitimacy is the greatest cause of long-term poverty in this country; unless it comes down, the poverty rate won't, either.
		(Stigma prevented illegitimacy from rising for the first three decades after the adoption of Aid to Families with Dependent Children.) But more important than the stigma, removing unwed teen mothers from their regular schools destroys the harmful fiction that they are still entitled to a carefree adolescence.
		If he were to speak honestly about illegitimacy, if he were to detail the ever-widening consequences of family breakdown, and if the city saw even a partial brake on the number of children born out of wedlock, Mayor Giuliani would leave an unparalleled legacy to the city and the country.
	www.city-journal.org /html/8_1_a1.html (6185 words)

	illegitimacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Illegitimacy was a term in common use for the condition of being born of...
		Illegitimacy is not a widely used word today, and young people may not even...
		illegitimacy, and it immediately poses three problems for the anthropologist and the...
	www.yesprice.it /search/Illegitimacy.htm (267 words)

	Concerned Women for America - Leaving on a Jet Plane: Illegitimacy Trends and the Nation’s Children
		Over subsequent decades, Senator Moynihan (and others) charted the illegitimacy rates that skyrocketed at a rate of almost one percent each year from the 70s to the 90s.
		There are, however, pockets of the population where illegitimacy is over 50% (for instance, among teens 80% of all births are illegitimate and among 20-24 year olds it is 52% and climbing) and areas of our country (inner cities) where illegitimacy is far above 50%.
		These illegitimacy rates are significantly higher than the much-maligned "Leave-it-to-Beaver" decade of 1950s when the ratio averaged less than 4.5%.
	www.cwfa.org /articledisplay.asp?id=5109&department=BLI&categoryid=femfacts (838 words)

	Broken Homes, Broken Hearts
		Illegitimacy, divorce, and other lifestyle choices have radically altered the American family, and thus have altered the social landscape.
		Social commentator Charles Murray believes that "illegitimacy is the single most important social problem of our time--more important than crime, drugs, poverty, illiteracy, welfare or homelessness because it drives everything else." The public costs of illegitimacy are very high.
		One of the driving forces of illegitimacy is births to unmarried teenagers.
	www.leaderu.com /orgs/probe/docs/broken.html (2645 words)

	Dr Laura: Illegitimacy's Effects Reach Far and Wide [Free Republic]
		Illegitimacy is rising, according to the latest report from the National Center for Health Statistics.
		Ironically, a guest commentary by Dave Kopel of the Independence Institute, titled "Fatherlessness: The Root Cause," includes a quote from something Moynihan wrote 35 years ago: "From the wild Irish slums of the 19th-century Eastern seaboard to the riot-torn suburbs of Los Angeles, there is one unmistakable lesson in American history.
		Illegitimacy is bad for kids and society in general.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a392d01b86a58.htm (2200 words)

	The American Enterprise: Welfare Buys Illegitimacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Youngsters from never-married families are far likelier to fail in school, to commit crimes, to be unhealthy, to be unemployed as adults, to become welfare cases.
		In response to these grim figures, Republicans have proposed reductions in the welfare payments that are widely presumed to be feeding the post-1960s burst of illegitimacy (consider: seven out of ten fl children are now born out of wedlock).
		As this literature accumulated, it turned out that nearly three-quarters of the studies found statistically significant evidence that welfare generosity was associated with increased illegitimacy.
	www.taemag.com /issues/articleID.16316/article_detail.asp (684 words)

	Addressing Illegitimacy; The Root of Real Welfare Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The illegitimacy problem that Myr dal warned about over fifty years ago has since exploded seechart 1 While fl ille gitimacy rates have been higher than those of whites, the rate of white illegiti macy is accelerating and now approaches the level reached by fls during the 1960s.
		One of the greatest social costs of illegitimacy is increased crime.22 Research details the strong correlation between lack of married parents and criminal activity.
		But if illegitimacy and dependency are to be reduced unsupervised cash aid must be brought to an end, and teenagers must be told in unmistak able terms that supervision-and not a fraudulent form of independence-is the conse quence of irresponsibility.
	new.heritage.org /Research/Welfare/bg1032.cfm (5717 words)

	ED022296b: Welfare Reform and the Death of Marriage
		Eschewing the issue of illegitimacy entirely, the governors’ plan instead appears as preparation for a future in which marriage plays a sharply diminished role, and the government is heavily involved in meeting the needs of an burgeoning population of single-parent families.
		Some would argue that federal action on illegitimacy is unneeded: If left alone, the governors will, on their own, tackle the problem.
		But by refusing to acknowledge or mention the collapse of marriage and the rise of illegitimacy in their plan, the governors are implicitly condoning and (through paralysis) ultimately promoting the skyrocketing rise in illegitimacy.
	www.heritage.org /Press/Commentary/ED022296b.cfm (908 words)

	AEI - Short Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There is also a big racial difference in illegitimacy: 25 percent for white teen-agers, 70 percent for fls.
		The problem is that illegitimacy is usually talked about as a simple ratio, out-of-wedlock births as a percentage of all births.
		Part of the coming illegitimacy ratio decline is already baked into the cake--by teen-agers who haven't borne children during the past five years.
	www.aei.org /publications/pubID.18864/pub_detail.asp (857 words)

	Amazon.com: Measuring Immorality : Social Inquiry and the Problem of Illegitimacy: Books: Gail Reekie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Drawing on Foucault's "archaeology of knowledge," the book stresses the role of statistics and other truth-telling discourses in the birth and growth of the illegitimacy "problem" since the early nineteenth century.
		Chapters explore the diverse discursive origins of illegitimacy's negative meanings--expense, racial inferiority, social disorder, death, mental incompetence, fatherlessness and selfishness.
		illegitimacy statistics, illegitimacy problem, statistical discourse, nuptial births, conservative social scientists, illegitimate infants, unmarried motherhood, high illegitimacy rates, unmarried parenthood, mental defectiveness, white underclass, statistical movement, lone motherhood, social investigators, illegitimate births, unmarried mothers, single parenthood
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521620341?v=glance (649 words)

	Combatting Illegitimacy and Counseling Teen Abstinence: A Key Component of Welfare Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The consensus about illegitimacy and welfare reform breaks down, however, when it comes to how births to unmarried teens are to be reduced.
		The epidemic of illegitimacy among all age groups is a cultural rather than a biological or technical problem.
		At worst, it perpetuates cultural patterns that encourage illegitimacy, family non-formation, and difficulties for mothers and children steeped in the subculture of dependency.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Welfare/BG1051.cfm (9389 words)

	Document the illegitimacy of Hugo Chávez and denounce him \| www.vcrisis.com
		Much of the written arguments in favor of Hugo Chávez, especially abroad, are connected to the legitimacy of his presidency.
		He proudly flaunts his authoritarian nature and openly challenges civic protesters, since he knows that he controls all institutions and that no one member of the offices that should control his abuses will dare to speak up against him.
		Of all the reasons for the growing illegitimacy of Hugo Chávez this is one of the strongest.
	www.vcrisis.com /index.php?content=letters/200509051241 (2062 words)

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