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	USGS OFR01-041: Illite Group Minerals
		Illites, which are the dominant clay minerals in argillaceous rocks, form by the weathering of silicates (primarily feldspar), through the alteration of other clay minerals, and during the degradation of muscovite (Deer and others, 1975).
		Formation of illite is generally favored by alkaline conditions and by high concentrations of Al and K. Glauconite forms authigenically in marine environments and occurs primarily in pelletal form.
		Members of the illite group are characterized by intense 10-angstrom 001 and a 3.3-angstrom 003 peaks that remain unaltered by ethylene glycol or glycerol solvation, potassium saturation, and heating to 550 degrees C (Fanning and others, 1989).
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/2001/of01-041/htmldocs/clays/illite.htm (249 words)

	Illite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Structurally illite is quite similar to muscovite or sericite with slightly more silicon, magnesium, iron, and water and slightly less tetrahedral aluminium and interlayer potassium.
		Illite occurs as an alteration product of muscovite and feldspar in weathering and hydrothermal environments.
		Illite was first described for occurrences in the Maquoketa shale in Calhoun County, Illinois, USA, in 1937.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Illite (166 words)

	ILLITE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Illite is not usually easy to recognise in rocks because it is almost always very fine-grained (clay grade); it is white or pale grey-green in colour, but this is often masked by darker minerals in the rock.
		Illite is very soft (1-2 on Moh scale) and does not react with hydrochloric acid.
		Illite has no important applications, but can prove a substantial problem if present as a cement in sandstones containing oil and gas as it can act to clog pore throats and hinder fluid flow.
	www.brookes.ac.uk /geology/sedmins/illite.html (503 words)

	PIMA Applications
		Illites are particularly diagnostic in alteration suites as they show a crystallinity change with temperature and the shift in their 2.2µm absorption feature can be related to the aluminum content of the octahedral layers.
		The percent illite in an illite/smectite clay can also be used to show differences as phases towards the illite end member are probably higher temperature.
		Changes in the aluminum composition of illites and sericites, as shown by a shift of their spectral features (specifically the 2.2µm absorption minimum), can be used to track changes in alteration environment.
	www.pimausa.com /alt_syst.html (2002 words)

	illite.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		LAFAYETTE COUNTY: Illite is a component of the shale at the base of the Quimbys Mill Member of the Platteville formation at the Thompson-Temperly Mine at the south edge of New Diggings (SE sec.
		PIERCE COUNTY: Illite occurs in the clay layers associated with hematite and goethite exposed in level 1 of Crystal Cave, near Spring Valley.
		ROCK COUNTY: Tiny platy crystals of illite are found in the pores of the St. Peter Sandstone in the silica sand quarry near Hanover (Odom, Willand and Lassin, 1979).
	www.uwrf.edu /~wc01/Illite.htm (275 words)

	Mapping the Comstock Epithermal Mineralisation system, Nevada, using Simulated ARIES-I Hyperspectral Data
		Illite enrichment was mapped in large outcrops in the central and south-central parts of the district (Figure 3d-f).
		The illite with long Al-OH band wavelengths occurs mainly in the unbleached Alta and Kate Peak Formations west of the Comstock and Silver City Faults and in the Mesozoic rocks in the southern part of the district (Figure 3f).
		Illite in the bleached zones is characterized by relatively short Al-OH absorption wavelengths (2190-2200 nm).
	www.gisdevelopment.net /aars/acrs/1999/ts10/ts10417pf.htm (1882 words)

	Model of disorder and structure refinement of illite
		The term illite, introduced by Grim in 1937 [1], refers to an aluminum-potassium mica-like, non-expanding, dioctahedral mineral, present in the clay fraction (under 4 μm).
		Together with kaolinite, clorite and illite-smectite mixed-layers (I-S), illite is one of the four major constituents of argillaceous sedimentary rocks.
		Illite presents extensive structure disorder likely due to shifts and rotations between the layers: this contributes to the anisotropic broadening of peaks width in the diffraction pattern.
	www.xray.cz /epdic/abstracts/267.htm (470 words)

	USGS Open-File Report 93-683 Clay Mineralogical Analyses
		Smectite and illite are the dominant phases, with chlorite-kaolinite accounting for only about 10% of the clay minerals (chlorite-kaolinite is not shown in figure 5 but represents the offset between the smectite and illite curves).
		Comparison of smectite and illite abundances, versus depth, to both the carbonate curve from the channel sample analyses and the mean grain size curve from the point sample analyses shows striking similarities (figure 6).
		Of the true clay minerals, illite and chlorite may be recycled from metasedimentary roof pendants, but smectite is more likely produced from the weathering of feldspars during soil formation, and it may, therefore, be more indicative of climates conducive to chemical weathering (Chamley, 1989).
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1993/of93-683/3-sed-min/2-clay/clay.html (1804 words)

	illite -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Illite contains more water and less potassium than true micas, but it has a micalike sheet structure and is poorly crystallized.
		Typical examples are the crystallinity of illite, the polytypes of illite and chlorite, and the...
		In the Mississippi River system, for example, smectite, illite, and kaolinite are the major components in the upper Mississippi and Arkansas rivers, whereas chlorite, kaolinite, and illite are the major components in the Ohio and Tennessee rivers.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042141?tocId=9042141 (379 words)

	PALYGORSKITE DEPOSITS FROM THE HAWTHORNE FORMATION, SOUTHERN GEORGIA: A COMPLEX HISTORY OF SEDIMENTATION AND ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Palygorskite is the dominant mineral with lesser amounts of illite, kaolinite, smectite, and illite-smectite interstratified phases.
		Illite and kaolinite particles free from smectite overgrowth occur and are commonly >2 µm in diameter.
		Because palygorskite is known to precipitate in saline conditions, the occurrence of composite grains of smectite overgrown on illite and kaolinite, with the presence of palygorskite may reflect a stratified water column in the Appalachicola embayment during Hawthorne time.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_24220.htm (423 words)

	Fabrics and age of clay gouge in the Moab fault, Utah, USA. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The concentration of discrete illite is 80-90% in both protolith and gouge, but the amount of detrital illite relative to authigenic illite, represented by the proportion of 2M1, decreases from ~60% in protolith to a few percent in the gouge zone.
		This implies that gouge is composed of >50% neocrystallized illite.
		Preliminary illite age analysis using 40Ar/39Ar dating of size fractions of gouge samples yields an age of approximately 55 Ma for gouge illite, which agrees with earlier K-Ar illite age analyses of ~50-60 Ma from a location to the northwest where different lithologies are juxtaposed.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jsolum/publications/mbgsa.html (344 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Two phases of clay minerals were observed: an approximately 40-nm thick packet of 1.0-nm illite layers occurred in the smectite matrix of 1.3-nm layers.
		The illite peak intensified by the PVP treatment (inset) is evident in the bio-reduced smectite sample.
		B, Crystal size distribution (CSD) of the neoformed illite phase (blue) in the bioreduced smectite sample showing a different asymptotic shape compared with that of smectite (red) in the nonreduced control and the smectite phase (yellow) in the bioreduced sample.
	www7430.nrlssc.navy.mil /biogeochemistry/smectiteillite.htm (874 words)

	PIMA Applications
		Figure 4 shows illite [A], illite with minor kaolinite (note the profile changes of the 2200nm feature)[B], poorly crystalline kaolinite with minor illite [C] and [D] kaolinite.
		Illites are environmental monitors and show a crystallinity change with temperature.
		The illites plotted in Figure 7 are from different environments, and from top to bottom are: [A] Hog Ranch, Nevada, epithermal gold deposit; [B] Chuquicamata, Chile, porphyry copper; [C] Leadville, Colorado, gold vein system; [D] Cananea, Mexico, porphyry copper deposit; [E] Round Mountain, Nevada, disseminated gold deposit; [F, G, H] sedimentary illites from Illinois shales.
	www.pimausa.com /clay_min.html (2124 words)

	DATA DESCRIPTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		At the same time illite increases slightly to 33% and the chlorite concentration is 15%, compared to the low chlorite content of <5% in the Eocene, and a value of nearly 10% in the early Miocene.
		Smectite decreases to a level of nearly 50%, whereas illite increases to 38% and chlorite to ~15%.
		Because of the very good correlation between smectite and illite and chlorite, this is a useful parameter for describing the variability of the entire clay mineral composition with a single parameter.
	www.ga.gov.au /odp/publications/181_SR/206/206_6.htm (640 words)

	Illite
		The dispersion characteristics of montmorin, kaolin and illite clays in waters of varying quality and their control with phosphate dispersants
		Mixed-layer smectite/illites in the bentonites and tonsteins of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Prace mineralogiczne)
		Annotated bibliography of the periodical and patent literature to 1942 on bentonite and clay minerals of the montmorillonite and illite group
	www.veryhappening.com /things/illite (161 words)

	Clay Mineralogy of Some Carolina Bay Sediments
		The available facts are consistent with the conclusion that the clay minerals in the bay sediments were washed or blown into the bays from surrounding surficial Pleistocene (?) sediments and that they have undergone little alteration since deposition.
		Illite is present in all of the samples from the lakes.
		Because of the small amount of illite present, only the stronger lines are seen.
	abob.libs.uga.edu /bobk/bayclay.html (2107 words)

	[No title]
		Main types of oreshoots are: (1) rutile-bearing siliceous oreshoots; (2) illite- clay-pyrite oreshoots; (3) realgar- and orpiment-bearing oreshoots; (4) stibnite-bearing siliceous oreshoots; and (5) polymetallic oreshoots.
		Similar illite crystallinity indices of illite in phyllonite, fault gouge zones, and undeformed altered sedimentary beds and phacoids suggest that these rocks may all have been altered under similar PÐT conditions (see also Pollastro, 1993), which also is compatible with interaction between wall rock and the hydrothermal fluid during deformation.
		This finally led to clay mineral deposition, predominantly illite, dissolution and concurrent precipitation of quartz, which strengthened the rock mass, producing late brittle brecciation in the silicified parts and late gouge development in the unsilicified illite-clay rich parts of the orebody.
	geopubs.wr.usgs.gov /open-file/of98-620/98-620.txt (7670 words)

	Search Results for illite - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Illite contains more water and less potassium than true micas, but it has a micalike sheet...
		In the Mississippi River system, for example, smectite, illite, and kaolinite are the major components in the...
		Mica minerals have a basic structural unit of the 2:1 layer type like pyrophyllite and talc, but some of the silicon atoms (ideally one-fourth) are always replaced by those of aluminum.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=illite&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (294 words)

	Altaner Research
		Radiometric ages of illite and I/S can date the timing of episodic migrations of hydrothermal fluids, oil migrations, emplacement of natural gas, regional overthrusting, and fault gouge formation.
		The broad categories of reaction mechanism for smectite illitization are solid-state transformation, in which the daughter crystal maintains the approximate size and shape of the parent, and dissolution and crystallization, in which the morphological characteristics of the parent crystal are lost during reaction.
		In the sericitic zone the hyaloclastite altered primarily to illitic I/S with _66% I, pure illite, quartz, and minor authigenic K-feldspar, jarosite, and pyrite.
	www.geology.uiuc.edu /~altaner/research.html (1337 words)

	Groundwater Research & Monitoring Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Laboratory batch sorption was performed to determine the sorption maxima of Pb and Cs on kaolinite and illite.
		The percentage of Cs + desorption decreased as the Cs + loading on illite decreased.
		For kaolinite and illite with higher Cs + loading, the percentage of Cs + removal increased logarithmically with the increase in HDTMA/Cs A minimum value of 30 for the HDTMA/Cs + ratio is required to achieve 80 percent Cs + removal from kaolinite.
	wri.wisc.edu /wgrmp/R-UW-REM-005.htm (648 words)

	4. GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CLAY AND CLAY-SIZED MINERALS IN EOCENE TO HOLOCENE SEDIMENTS FROM SITES ...
		The clay minerals consist of chlorite, smectite, illite, kaolinite, and a mixed-layer illite/smectite.
		Oligocene sediments show an increase in chlorite and illite, suggesting that a sediment dam may have existed on the continental shelf, trapping these sediments and preventing their transport into the Irminger Basin, prior to this time.
		Near the end of the Miocene, a cooling trend is indicated by increasing amounts of chlorite and illite relative to smectite abundance.
	owen.nhm.ac.uk /odp/publications/152_SR/ABSTRACT/4.HTM (443 words)

	Healing Clay Therapy- Pelotherapy \|\| Bentonite ~ Montmorillonite, & Illite
		Green clays such as Illite, Bentonite and Montmorillonite have been used by mankind as a part of natural medicine for tens of thousands of years.
		Illite: Non-swelling green healing clay (mica) known to have potent healing properties.
		Utilizing the curative power of the Earth in practices such as Pelotherapy should, we believe, truly be considered a lifestyle modification; it should be adopted as an integral part of healthy living.
	www.eytonsearth.org (992 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Dominant clay mineral is kaolinite, with significantly less illite/smectite and illite.
		Kaolinite is dominant clay mineral with lesser amounts of illite/smectite and illite.
		Dominant clay mineral is kaolinite with illite and illite/smectite in variable proportions.
	geology.er.usgs.gov /eespteam/sergp/leg_key.txt (1222 words)

	Organo-Illite as a Low Permeability Sorbent to Retard Migration of Anionic Contaminants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In this paper, a natural illite was modified by cationic surfactants with different chain lengths and tested for its chromate removal efficiency.
		When the surfactant tail group is relatively short and the solution critical micelle concentration is high, the sorbed surfactant molecules from a monolayer on illite, resulting no chromate sorption by the organo-illite.
		As the chain length of surfactant tail group increases, the critical micelle concentration reduces and the surfactant molecules sorb as admicelles on illite with the surfactant sorption exceeding the illite’s cation-exchange capacity.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0203569 (252 words)

	Illite promoted significantly the hair growth of mouse in both conditions of shaving and hair-loss.
		Illite promoted significantly the hair growth of mouse in both conditions of shaving and hair-loss.
		General membrane properties of developing crista hair cells Before E15 all hair cell properties were homogeneous enough to be pooled together; primarily on the basis of morphological criteria, we observed that these immature hair cells resembled type II hair cells.
		And then we investigated the toxicity which may be induced by Illite when it was administrated orally as a single dose.
	www.clickerado.com /h/hair/hair_growth.htm (2119 words)

	TSRG 1995 Field Results
		The generation of diagenetic illite correlates with hydrocarbon maturation, so the radiometric dating of illite provides a potential tool for dating hydrocarbon maturation, and for determining migration and trapping histories.
		Ages of diagenetic illite separated from shaly rocks will be determined, in part, as a function of the proportion of diagenetic-to-detrital illite within the samples.
		Because illite crystal lattices are relatively small, argon generated within them during neutron irradiation may be ejected due to recoil.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /TSRG/Newsletter/Dec95/1995field.html (788 words)

	Journal of the Geological Society: Discussion on dating the transition of smectite to illite in Palaeozoic mudrocks ...
		Such corrections are likely to be extremely small in the samples studied, particularly for the `basin-floor' samples 1 and 2 of the paper which probably had low depositional dip and lie at adequate elevation above the relief of top crystalline basement to suggest that lateral heat-flow complications are minor.
		Not only is the smectite illite transition pre-cleavage/uplift (and by implication pre-folding, assuming this to be syn-cleavage) but so also are the higher metamorphic grades, to low epizone.
		Across central Wales, where no anomalously high-strain zones are reported and where equal values of illite crystallinity (isocrysts) may thus reasonably relate directly to isotherms, the distribution of isocryst values displayed on BGS sheets 178 and 179 (1994, 1993) bears no obvious relation to folding.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_199705/ai_n8780799 (1204 words)

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