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Topic: Illness as Metaphor

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Susan Sontag

1988

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	Countrybookshop.co.uk - Illness as Metaphor/AIDS and Its Metaphors
		Susan Sontag argues that illness is not a metaphor and that the most truthful way of regarding illness - and the healthiest way of being ill - is to resist such thinking.
		Her examples of metaphors and images of illness are taken from medical and psychiatric thinking as well as from sources ranging from Greek and Medieval writings to Dickens, Thomas Mann, Henry James, Frank Lloyd Wright, Auden and others.
		Sontag states that our metaphors for Aids and its effects may be damaging; they suggest an apocalypse in personal and social terms, and therefore threaten not only the victims of the disease but all of society.
	www.countrybookshop.co.uk /books?whatfor=0141187123 (285 words)

	Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and its Metaphors, by Susan Sontag
		Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and its Metaphors, by Susan Sontag
		Almost a decade later, with the outbreak of new, stigmatized disease replete with mystifications and punitive metaphors, Sontag wrote a sequel to Illness as Metaphor, extending the argument of the earlier book to the AIDS pandemic.
		These two essays now published together, Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors, have been translated into many languages and continue to have an enormous influence on the thinking of medical professional and, above all, on the lives of many thousands of patients and caregivers.
	www.susansontag.com /illnessasmetaphor.htm (241 words)

	Amazon.de: Illness as Metaphor & AIDS and Its Metaphors: English Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It should come as no surprise than that illness and disease, concepts sometimes etiologically and often morally incomprehensible, are often the subject for metaphors; an inevitable consequence of human insight intermingling with mysterious biological forces.
		In her pair of related essays, Illness as a Metaphor and AIDS and its Metaphors, Susan Sontag reveals many of the metaphors surrounding such influential diseases as tuberculosis, cancer, syphilis, and AIDS.
		However impossible this may be, Illness as a metaphor and AIDS and its Metaphors is successful in exposing the prejudices inherent in many of our past and present metaphors, and helps us distinguish the good ones from the bad.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/0312420137 (1723 words)

	Exploring Illness
		Other illnesses were believed to be caused by : one part of the body attacking another part for unknown reasons (auto-immune diseases); genetic mutations (various cancers); or chemical imbalances (depression, traumatic shock).
		Chemical imbalances were increasingly invoked to explain mental and psychological illnesses in the last two decades of the twentieth century.
		Illness as Metaphor, and AIDS and its Metaphors.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~rogert/20wv.html (1367 words)

	Manifesto
		As the whale is not a fish, mental illness is not a disease.
		If we recognize that "mental illness" is a metaphor for disapproved thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, we are compelled to recognize as well that the primary function of Psychiatry is to control thought, mood, and behavior.
		Because being accused of mental illness is similar to being accused of crime, we ought to presume that psychiatric "defendants" are mentally competent, just as we presume that criminal defendants are legally innocent.
	www.szasz.com /manifesto.html (697 words)

	The New York Times > Books > Books Special > 'Illness as Metaphor' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Her book is not about illness, but about the use of illness as a figure or metaphor.
		She is particularly concerned with the metaphorical sue of tuberculosis in the 19th century and cancer in the 20th.
		If the metaphorical use of cancer discouraged doctors from trying to discover its cause and its cure, the situation would indeed be obscene, but there is no evidence that this is the case.
	www.nytimes.com /1978/07/16/books/booksspecial/sontag-illness.html (1185 words)

	Illness as Metaphor
		Susan Sontag has been drawn, perhaps by her own landmark 1978 essay, "Illness as Metaphor," to a study of the pathetic invalid life endured by the youngest member of the James family (and the only girl), Henry James' little sister, Alice.
		Deeply challenging the moral precepts she set out in "Illness as Metaphor," Sontag discovers patterns of prostration in the imaginary and actual lives of nineteenth century women, and in her play, she boldly explores the metaphorical ramifications of lives apparently repressed into pathology.
		Susan Sontag has followed an irresistible tendency of recent feminism in lifting Alice James' suppressed rage and pathetic inconsequence into the realm of metaphor, exploiting her condition (whatever it may have been medically) to illustrate the suppression of women and the destruction of their potential in heavily paternalistic settings.
	www.amrep.org /past/alice/alice1.html (1254 words)

	BaobabConnections.Org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The fantasies inspired by TB in the last century, by cancer now, are responses to a disease thought to be intractable and capricious -- that is, a disease not understood -- in an era in which medicine's central premise is that all diseases can be cured.
		Now it is cancer's turn to be the disease that doesn't knock before it enters, cancer that fills the role of an illness experienced as a ruthless, secret invasion -- a role it will keep until, one day, its etiology becomes as clear and its treatment as effective as those of TB have become.
		The metaphors attached to TB and to cancer imply living processes of a particularly resonant and horrid kind.
	www.baobabconnections.org /artikel.php?id=277 (1333 words)

	Amazon.com: Illness as Metaphor & AIDS and Its Metaphors: Books: Susan Sontag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		AIDS and Its Metaphors extends her critique of cancer metaphors to the metaphors of dread surrounding the AIDS virus.
		And she wrote this by demonstrating the history of myths that surrounded illnesses and the way these myths evaporated as soon as its true mechanism (the virus, or otherwise) was found.
		When an illness is balanced with conventional medicine, an informed and knowledgable patient who feels empowered by his or her choices, (whether they be conventional medicine or alternative choices)and a connection to one's self-- the patient fares much better.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0312420137?v=glance (2938 words)

	[No title]
		Environmental metaphors, along with metaphors of fracture, harm and productivity are used by the research participants with a very different intent than how the same metaphors are used in the biomedical literature.
		The women used the metaphors to reveal the ways in which their symptoms are influenced by the social and cultural forces in their everyday lives.
		The biomedical and scientific use of metaphors reinforced the highly contested view that the symptoms are influenced more by individual psychological and emotional deficiencies than by broader structural forces.
	library.usask.ca /theses/available/etd-04122006-162032 (230 words)

	Disorders & Diseases > AIDS
		In this edition, in the final chapter about AIDS and its metaphors Sontag writes that she'd written the first part of the book (all but the AIDS chapter) while a cancer patient and in response to reactions she saw in fellow patients.
		For she knew she had an illness and she set about to cure it medically, in the best possible way, while others passively accepted the 'metaphor' handed to them and, thus, did less to help themselves best.
		She felt frustrated or saddened by their psychologizing and self-blame and wished to write to others that their physical illness is a physical illness and the best route to recovery is to think only of how to find the best medical treatment.
	hmbbook.com /l_Books/4657_1.html (2976 words)

	Rever: The Metaphor of Mental Illness
		When these institutions began to be abolished, governments did not begin to invest in community-based programs, and as a result, many consumer/survivors of institutionalization were unable to reintegrate into society.
		The “illness” of mental illness is a metaphorical distinction.
		Risk factors such as the stress of poverty or a traumatic event can put people at risk for mental illness, while protective factors like the support of friends and family and a secure job can help prevent mental illness.
	readeverything.blogspot.com /2005/03/metaphor-of-mental-illness.html (598 words)

	Alibris: Metaphor
		Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects.
		If a great metaphor, like a picture, is worth a thousand words, then this expansive collection will save 6.5 million as it presents 6,500 comparative phrases from ancient times to the present.
		Johnston uses metaphor and storytelling to show women how to reconnect with their inherent inner wisdom.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Metaphor (1129 words)

	eBay - book metaphor, Nonfiction Books, Textbooks, Education items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors - S Sontag
		Illness As Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors: And, AI
		Mythology As Metaphor by Mary A. Cicora (1998)
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=book+metaphor&newu=1&... (459 words)

	PEDABLOGUE - Susan Sontag Dies
		Her work on photography, illness, and camp deserve to be remembered.
		Particularly "Illness as Metaphor" -- a book that really helped me to think allegorically about what I do from time to time as a horror writer, as well as a critic of pop culture.
		"Cancer is a demonic pregnancy" she wrote in "Illness as Metaphor," analyzing the way that it has been represented throughout history as though having a monstrous life all its own.
	blogs.setonhill.edu /MikeArnzen/006449.html (222 words)

	The New York Review of Books: Illness as Metaphor
		My subject is not physical illness itself but the uses of illness as a figure or metaphor.
		My point is that illness is not a metaphor, and that the most truthful way of regarding illness--and the healthiest way of being ill--is one most purified of, most resistant to, metaphoric thinking.
		Yet it is hardly possible to take up one's residence in the kingdom of the ill unprejudiced by the lurid metaphors with which it has been landscaped.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/article-preview?article_id=8298 (342 words)

	Illness as Metaphor & AIDS and Its Metaphors: Susan SontagPicador Self-Help Resources Books at SelfHelpShelf.com
		Susan Sontag disparaged the idea that dis-eases are caused by mental states, and her resolutely taking this position illustrates the great and willing blindness of this talented but dis-eased anti-white racist.
		On top of the mutation, bug or dysfunctional cell that produces cancer, in ILLNESS AS METAPHOR, Sontag introduces the reader to an accompanied malady called metaphor.
		A metaphor, of course, is nothing but a comparison, a verbal picture attempting to make the abstract more concrete.
	selfhelpshelf.com /info-0312420137.html (623 words)

	AbfiMagazine.com - Women
		Cancer, she argues, is not a curse, not a punishment, certainly not an embarrassment, and highly curable, if good treatment is found early enough.
		Almost a decade later, with the outbreak of a new, stigmatized disease replete with mystifications and punitive metaphors, Susan Sontag wrote a sequel to Illness as Metaphor, extending the argument of the earlier book to the AIDS pandemic.
		These two essays published together as Illness as Metaphor and Aids and Its Metaphors have been translated in many languages all over the world, and continue to have enormous impact and influence on the thinking of medical professionals and, above all, on the lives of many thousands of patients and caregivers.
	www.abfimagazine.com /women/data/00001.htm (1245 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Illness as Metaphor, by Susan Sontag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Do the most serious of our illnesses reveal moral and psychological truths about ourselves which we would rather keep hidden?...
		...My own view is that, so far as a positive "cult" of illness can be said to have developed in the early years of the 19th century, it spoke chiefly of the Romantic poets' sense of personal isolation and vulnerabilityas, in a different way, did their imaginative identification with criminals, beggars, idiots, and children...
		...78 As for cancer, the metaphors applied to it speak of it as an invader, an alien presence, a takeover of the body by energies running amok...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V66I4P80-1.htm (2848 words)

	Illness as Metaphor/AIDS and Its Metaphors - Susan Sontag - Penguin UK
		When diagnosed with breast cancer Susan Sontag discovered the extent to which we have developed a mythology to cope with disease, which can often distort the truth about illness and isolate the patient.
		In Illness as Metaphor she strips away the myths and presents the true significance of disease as it has affected cultures throughout the centuries.
		AIDS and Its Metaphors extends her critique to examine the metaphors surrounding AIDS and to expose the truth, free of guilt, shame and fear.
	www.penguin.co.uk /nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,0_9780141187129,00.html (163 words)

	Illness a poor metaphor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		I like a good metaphor as much as the next guy, but Jeff Spurr (Illness metaphors and Republican tactics, February 9th) strains his to absurdity.
		Spurr ludicrously thinks the metaphor justifies defending the government.
		He forgets that the human body reached its present complexity as the result of either divine intervention, or a long series of incremental changes, each tested against competing versions.
	home.comcast.net /~freedmanr/bigb/illness.htm (101 words)

	06.06. mark dery "metaphor as illness"
		METAPHOR AS ILLNESS: We live in a moment when the membrane between metaphor and materiality is increasingly permeable: force-feedback virtual reality enables us to reach out and touch neo-Platonic hyperrealities fashioned from shaded polygons, for instance.
		At the same time, the growing realization that the industrial boilerplate in which we've sheathed our metaphors for the wired world around us is inappropriate to an age of ever-smaller, ever-smarter "soft" machines has given rise to a vogue for feminine and "neo-biological" metaphors for the polymorphous perversity of digital technologies.
		Stranger still, Marvin Minsky's ever-popular biocybernetic metaphor--the neo-La Mettrian notion of the brain as a computer, voguish among AI theorists and cyberpundits--has engendered techno-eschatological visions of the Net as an emergent hive mind.
	www.t0.or.at /scl/scl3/msg00008.html (302 words)

	Literature links: Susan Sontag
		"Susan Sontag's little book, "AIDS and its Metaphors" begins with the words: "By metaphor I meant nothing more or less than the earliest and most succinct definition I know, which is Aristotle's, in his Poetics.
		"This essay is considerably less shrill and polemical than Illness as Metaphor.
		"This chronological structure charts the progression of Sontag's books, the evolution of her viewpoints, and her rise in stature from a brash young critic mocking radical chic to a cancer survivor pondering the cultural dimensions of disease in Illness as Metaphor (1978)."
	www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de /chicago/aids/sontag.html (395 words)

	Tehelka - The People's Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It fired her into a marathon journey to establish formal treatment for this ailment which was then surrounded by myths and social taboos, a pariah in the comity of diseases, a karma vyadhi in the Hindu classification, a destiny of death with no escape.
		As Susan Sontag writes in her landmark book Illness As Metaphor, cancer became the metaphor of the 20th century for the general ills of society, like tuberculosis in the 19th century, and aids in this century.
		Dr Reddy struggled for 30 years for funds and credibility, to convince people that cancer was curable if detected and treated early.
	www.tehelka.com /story_main14.asp?filename=Cr091005Illness_as.asp (1626 words)

	Sontag - new and used books
		NEW CONDITION In these two texts, Sontag shows how the metaphors surrounding certain illnesses, especially cancer, add greatly to the suffering of the patients and often inhibit them from seeking proper treatment.
		Illness As Metaphor/Aids And Its Metaphors And Aids And Its Metaphors
		SONTAG, SUSAN - ILLNESS AS METAPHOR/AIDS AND ITS METAPHORS
	www.isbn.pl /A-sontag (1249 words)

	Susan Sontag: Illness as Metaphor & AIDS and Its Metaphors
		Susan Sontag, "Illness as Metaphor & AIDS and Its Metaphors", Picador, 25 August, 2001.
		Customer reviews of Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors
		Topics in our resources on Medical related to Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors include:
	www.argospress.com /Resources/medical/book-0312420137.htm (154 words)

	village voice > books > Night Duty: illness as metaphor by Benjamin Anastas
		It is one of my favorite walks," the narrator of Melitta Breznik's haunting novel Night Duty reports, "from here on up to the cemetery on the hill."
		"He is becoming more translucent," she notices, "his cheekbones protrude as if his death skull were no longer willing to be hidden." With every illness or injury she treats in the emergency room, the doctor's own wounds are brought to light and ritualistically sterilized.
		But healing is only hinted at in the narrative, and Breznik applies warmth in her novel like a gauze bandage: winding carefully, one layer at a time.
	www.villagevoice.com /books/9920,anastas,5866,10.html (328 words)

	[No title]
		What does Sontag mean when she refers to the "metaphors of illness?" 2.
		What are the metaphors of cancer and tuberculosis?
		How do the metaphors of illness affect doctor/patient communication?
	www.clarku.edu /faculty/dmerrill/soc241/illmet.doc (138 words)

	Table of contents for The metaphor of mental illness
		Table of contents for The metaphor of mental illness
		Table of contents for The metaphor of mental illness / Neil Pickering.
		Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip063/2005033083.html (71 words)

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