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Topic: Illyrian languages

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List of languages

Illyrian languages

Potiguara language

Origin of Albanians

Messapian language

Thracian language

Northwest Caucasian languages

Ancient Macedonian language

Hittite language

Dacian language

Albanian language

Armenian language

Sumerian language

Kurdish language

Etruscan language

	Slavonic languages
		The myriad differences between the dialects and languages in phonetics, grammar, and above all vocabulary may cause misunderstandings even in the simplest of conversations; and the difficulties are greater in the language of journalism, technical usage, and belles lettres, even in the case of closely connected languages.
		The Slovak literary language was formed on the basis of a Central Slovak dialect in the middle of the 19th century.
		The comparatively early rise of the West Slavic (and the westernmost South Slavic) languages as separate literary vehicles was related to a variety of religious and political factors that resulted in the decline of the western variants of the Church Slavonic language.
	www.rkp-montreal.org /en/05slavoniclanguages.html (5789 words)

	OUR ILLYRIAN TALES
		There are Illyrians who represent the main population, there are evident traces of a Thracian tribe in the area of Shkoder, and there is also good evidence even for a Celtic presence (the Skordisk tribe, if I am not mistaken).
		The Messapes were an Illyrian tribe, who had migrated to that area to escape from the Turkish invasion (certainly not, but they moved to the Italic peninsula somewhere between VII and V century B.C., though I have no exact reference at the moment).
		Therefore, Illyrian onomastics CANNOT be of great help in shedding light in the mysteries of Illyrian, even if we take it for granted that Albanian descends from Illyrian, because we do NOT know, first of all, that the onomastic material in our possession really belongs to the Illyrian linguistic heritage.
	members.aol.com /Plaku/illyrian.htm (2770 words)

	Sample Entry: Language / Encyclopedia of Linguistics
		As with most Indo-European languages, the South Slavic group is characterized by many grammatical endings, with nouns and verbs changing form depending upon their position in the sentence, or their function as subjects or objects, singulars or plurals.
		Although Macedonian was codified as a standard language as recently as 1944, the beginnings of the contemporary language may be traced to the middle of the 19th century.
		The South Slavic languages represent a picture of great diversity among the Slavic languages, and, as they are located at a crossroads of European languages and cultures, have been affected by contacts with numerous languages.
	strazny.com /encyclopedia/sample-language.html (1627 words)

	home page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Since all Indo European languages use the same root lemma for the sun god identical with Ellil, this is a proof that all Indo European languages derive from the same ancestor language spoken in Asia Minor.
		The first recorded Illyrian king was Hyllus (The Star) whose death was recorded in 1225 B.C. The deification of the first Illyrian king corresponds to the rein of the last Hittite king.
		Illyrians were not the first people to identify their king with a god.
	www.geocities.com /protoillyrian/god (1620 words)

	Kosova Crisis Center - The Question of Illyrian-Albanian Continuity... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Illyrian was the tongue spoken on the east coast of the Adriatic, and the land inhabited by the southern Slavs, especially the Croats, was Illyria.
		However, he believed that the name Illyrian would be the cement binding together the South Slavs in a new cultural and economic entity and a powerful political alliance that could confront the age-old enemies of the South Slav peoples.
		According to Professor Ivic, the problem of the Illyrian origin of the Albanians is complicated, but there is nevertheless no question of any doubt that the Albanians are not descendants of the Illyrians and are therefore not indigenous to the province of Kosova.
	www.alb-net.com /illyrians.htm (3430 words)

	ipedia.com: Illyria Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Illyrians appeared in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula about 1000 BC, a period coinciding with the end of the Bronze Age and beginning of the Iron Age.
		In the Illyrian Wars of 229 BC and 219 BC, Rome overran the Illyrian settlements in the Neretva river valley and suppressed the piracy that had made the Adriatic unsafe.
		The name Illyrians was used by some groups among the Croats up to their period of romantic nationalism in the 19th century, but was eventually abandoned as a potentially misleading anachronism.
	ipedia.com /illyria.html (1292 words)

	Italic Languages - ninemsn Encarta
		In its broadest sense considered to be a subfamily that includes Latin, its modern descendants, the Romance languages, and certain other tongues spoken in ancient Italy.
		A third branch, Venetic, is sometimes cited as belonging to the Italic languages, although there is much debate over its origins and all that is known for certain is that it belongs to the Indo-European family (it is usually placed in an Unclassified Indo-European branch, along with seven other languages).
		Venetic was a north-eastern language preserved in some inscriptions from the area between the River Po and Istria.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577257/Italic_Languages.html (371 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Illyrian languages
		A grouping of Illyrian with the Thracian and Dacian language in a "Thraco-Illyrian" group or branch---an idea popular in the first half of the 20th century---is now generally rejected due to a lack of sustaining evidence, and due to what may be evidence to the contrary.
		The identification of Illyrian as a centum language is widely but not unanimously accepted, although it is generally admitted that from what remains of the language, centum examples appear to greatly outnumber satem examples.
		The Ancient Greek language (and also the Ancient Macedonian language) would have become an important external influence on Illyrian-speakers who occupied lands adjacent to ancient Greeks and Ancient Macedonians, and this is indicated by the adoption of Greek names by prominent Illyrians (Cleitus, Glaukias) in the south.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Illyrian_languages (979 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Indo-European languages
		The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects, including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia.
		Tocharian languages, extinct tongues of the Tocharians, extant in two dialects, attested from roughly the 6th century.
		Membership of languages in the same Language Family is determined by the presence of shared retentions, i.e., features of the proto-language (or reflexes of such features) that cannot be explained better by chance or borrowing (convergence).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Indo-European_languages (2693 words)

	Illyrians.org - The beginning of Illyrian civilization
		Illyrian was a language in common use, while Greek and Latin, the latter in particular, were only used as commercial, administrative and epigraphic languages.
		The Illyrians from the southern regions were famous animal breeders, and their oxen and sheep were admired even outside Illyria.
		Since the Illyrians had no real sculpture when their race began, and since the functions of a large number of their divinities were very similar to those of the Greek deities, they gave their gods the physiognomy and attributes of the corresponding Greek gods.
	www.illyrians.org /history3.html (972 words)

	Soccer Fans Network Forums - View Single Post - Albanian History
		Around 230 BC the languages were Romanized (sometime completely, as in the case of the Dalmatian), but, since the 7th century they began to lose ground in front of other languages spoken in the area, mainly Slavic languages in the rural areas and the Venetian language in the urban areas.
		In the 19th and early 20th century, archaeologists associated the Illyrians with the Hallstatt culture Hallstatt is a village in the Austrian Salzkammergut where a large prehistoric cemetery of 1045 graves was excavated by Ramsauer in the second half of the 19th century.
		The Illyrians also mingled with the Thracians The Thracians were an Indo-European tribe, inhabitants of Thrace, a region to the north of ancient Greece (currently southern Bulgaria, northern Greece, European Turkey and eastern FYR Macedonia).
	forums.soccerfansnetwork.com /showpost.php?p=301463&postcount=1 (3272 words)

	Classification of the Languages
		Phoenician is a known language, so it was possible to compare the two texts, and though the Phoenician turned out not to be a literal translation of the Etruscan, the content was similar enough to prove useful.
		The phonetic characteristics of the language are quite dissimilar from the languages surrounding it.
		Medial vowels tended to be dropped in the later phases of the language: e.g.
	www.evolpub.com /LCA/VTLfacts.html (1322 words)

	Indo-European languages Summary
		Genetically related languages are demonstrably derived from a common ancestor, a "Proto-Language," which, in the case of Indo-European, is thought to have flourished during the fourth–third millennia BCE, before it split up into the daughter languages from which scholars are able to infer its existence.
		Like the Anatolian languages, Tocharian was unknown until the early twentieth century, when between 1908 and 1914 members of European and Japanese expeditions to Chinese Turkestan (modern Xinjiang Uygur) found documents written in a variety of the Indic Brãhmi script and in a hitherto unknown but clearly Indo-European language.
		Old Indian is represented by Vedic, the language of the sacred literature of Brahmanic religion, and Sanskrit, the highly normed and thus to a degree artificial language of classical Indian literature.
	www.bookrags.com /Indo-European_languages (3141 words)

	The Paleolithic Indo-Europeans, 3
		The separation of these three language families may have become final as a result of their various migrations, but it must have begun some thousands of years earlier, when they were isolated from one another during the Last Glacial Maximum.
		The history of the Slavic languages is more complex, but it is generally believed that their original homeland was somewhere in the vicinity of the Pripet Marshes, which lie just west of the Dniepr along one of its major tributaries (pink).
		To the northwest, Illyrian was spoken between the Danube and the Adriatic, in roughly the territory of former Yugoslavia.
	www.panshin.com /trogholm/wonder/indoeuropean/indoeuropean3.html (2458 words)

	Illyrian - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki
		The Earth Starfleet vessel Enterprise was assisted in its repair efforts by an Illyrian starship that had been disabled by an anomaly field in 2154.
		They were unwilling, however, to part with their warp coil because not having it would mean a three-year journey home.
		Jonathan Archer and the MACOs boarded the Illyrian craft and stole their warp coil.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Illyrian (149 words)

	Illyrian language
		Illyrian can be called one of the least researched languages in the Indo-European family, and so the information about is scarce.
		The language was related to Thracian, and from the other side, was close to Italic and Venetic groups of Indo-European tongues.
		Illyrian grammar is practically unknown, we only know that nouns were inflected and their endings were similar to Proto-Indo-European.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/illyrian.html (412 words)

	Illyrians.org - Illyrians Kings, Queen
		While her Illyrian ships were off the coast of SarandÃ« they intercepted and plundered some merchant vessels of Rome.
		Apparently she told the ambassadors that according to the law of the Illyrians, piracy was a lawful trade and that her government had no right to interfere with this as a private enterprise.
		Byllis - was an Illyrian king of the late 2nd century BC, known from his coinage, which is well-attested; in fact, the coins of the well-known Illyrian king Gentius are scarce in comparison to the coins of Ballaios.
	www.illyrians.org /illyriankings.html (1736 words)

	Baby Names: Origin of names
		The Semitic language that was formerly spoken in Ethiopia.
		The extinct language that was spoken by the Goths.
		The Gaelic language of the Celts of Ireland.
	www.babynames.com.au /origin-of-names.htm (1397 words)

	Pimsleur languages
		The Chinese language, spoken in the form of Standard Mandarin, is the official language of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore, and one of six official languages of the United Nations.
		The Croatian language is a language of the western group of South Slavic languages which is used primarily by the Croats.
		Standard Swedish is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in the 19th century and was well-established by the beginning of the 20th century.
	pimsleur.english-test.net /pimsleur-languages.html (6049 words)

	New Page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It was settled by a number of Illyrian tribes---the Autariatae, Dassaretae, Chelidones, Taulanti, etc.---who are considered by scholars to be the Illyrians proper, whereas the many groups to the north---Pannoni, Dalmatae, Liburni, Iapodes---are considered to be distinct from the "true" Illyrians to the south (Wilkes, 1992, et.
		The Illyrian kingdom was founded by Hyllus around 1200 BC; the second king whose name we know is that of Bardyllis, who turned Illyria into a formidable local power in the 4th century BC.
		Alexander himself routed the forces of the Illyrian chieftain Cleitus in 335 BC, and Illyrian tribal leaders and soldiers accompanied Alexander on his conquest of Persia.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis8.htm (927 words)

	Language Kinship vs. Language Union: an article by Cyril Babaev
		But if languages look like each other or sound like each other, or their lexicons have the majority of common roots, that does not always mean that they used to be one some time ago.
		According to Trubetskoy's definition, a language union first influences the syntax and morphology of languages which have to communicate closely, develops a similar phonetic structure, the true similarity of which is actually only in appearance.
		The Albanian language, a descendant of the former Illyrian and Thracian tongues, did not preserved much in morphology from Illyrian which was genetically closer to Italic and Celtic than to Ancient Greek.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article20.html (2481 words)

	homer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Illyrians would follow the Hittite tradition in the Balkans, repeating the name of kings to other successors of the same blood line [Bardylis I, Bardylis II].
		In Greek language the formant -roi is used to form adjecttives, or attribute nouns.
		Illyrians later Slavic languages used a prothetic V-, W- for the lost laryngeal H1-, consequently Hillussa was pronounced as Wilussa in Illyrian dialects.
	www.geocities.com /protoillyrian/homer (6433 words)

	Indo-European languages
		The Basque language is unusual in that it appears to be separate from all other language families.
		The Maltese language and Turkish are two examples of languages spoken in Europe which have definite non-European origins.
		Recent theories have been proposed by the linguist John Colarusso that the Caucasian languages, particularly the Northwest and South Caucasian families, spoken in Georgia and Turkey, may be the closest relatives to the Indo-European stock.
	www.findword.org /in/indo-european-languages.html (897 words)

	Behind the Name: Language
		A language is a set of words or signals (sounds, gestures, writing) and the rules to combine them which enable a group of individuals to communicate.
		This is due to slow changes in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar that naturally occur over long periods of time.
		One language may split into two different languages (first splitting into dialects) when speakers are separated by physical or cultural barriers for extended periods.
	www.behindthename.com /glossary/view.php?title=language (81 words)

	Common Germanic language
		The works by Rask and Grimm meant the beginning of the very comparative language studies, and the first example which was used by them to prove their points of view was Common Germanic.
		It is a so-called "centum" language, for Indo-European k turned into Germanic k, while in Balto-Slavic it appeares as s or [sh], so they are considered "satem" languages*.
		Germanic words have cognates in Baltic, Slavic, Italic, Celtic, Venetic, Illyrian, Indic languages, and it is impossible to detect the closest language by these numerous cognates.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/germanic.html (366 words)

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