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Topic: Iltutmish

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	part1_04
		Iltutmish had organized the administration in the newly conquered territories as a decentralized system in which the fiefholders enjoyed wide power, and high nobles were treated almost as peers of the king.
		He used to say that next to prophethood, the highest office was that of kingship, and that the ruler who did not maintain the dignity of his office failed to perform his functions properly, and his subjects, resorting to insubordination, would fall prey to crime.
		Aibak and Iltutmish had relied largely on the contingents of the fiefholders, and the ariz, or war office, had been a subordinate branch of the central secretariat under the overall control of the wazir.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part1_04.html (1934 words)

	Consolidation and Continuation : The Beginnings of an Indo-Islamic Culture by Ashish Nangia
		Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish (A.D. 1211-1236), succeeding to the throne after Qutb-ud-Din's death in a freak polo accident, was an energetic builder.
		The first of these was by Iltutmish, who doubled the size of the original enclosure of the Quwwatu'l Islam mosque, and added another screen of five arches to define the qibla (the axis towards Mecca).
		Iltutmish constructed his own tomb as well as that of his son Nasir-ud-din Mohammed - the so-called Sultan Ghari or 'Sultan of the Cave'.
	www.boloji.com /architecture/00017.htm (846 words)

	part1_03
		Iltutmish's government first felt the impact of the gigantic military movement when Jalal-ud-din, the ruler of Khwarizm, whose father had attracted the wrath of Chingiz Khan, crossed the border with 10,000 men and sought aid from Iltutmish.
		Iltutmish rivals Balban for the distinction of being the greatest of the Slave Kings.
		While Iltutmish's outlook and political philosophy were reflected in the salient features of his administration, he was fortunate in receiving competent assistance and guidance from some able and farsighted people.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part1_03.html (5694 words)

	Razia Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Iltutmish had introduced important reforms to the Delhi sultanate--including a monarchy, a ruling class, and coinage--and had left a legacy as a patron of the arts.
		Iltutmish became the first sultan to appoint a woman as his successor when he designated his daughter Razia as his heir apparent.
		With Iltutmish's widow Shah Turkaan for all practical purposes running the government, Ruknuddin abandoned himself to the pursuit of personal pleasure and debauchery, to the considerable outrage of the citizenry.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/razia (1716 words)

	Welcome To Punjabkesari.com-Religion
		The tradition is that the Prophet appeared once to Iltutmish in a dream and pointed out this site to him as suitable for building the tank, which he had in mind.
		The next morning Iltutmish noticed here the print of one of the hoofs of the Prophet's horse, around which he built a domed platform and excavated the tank.
		The famous Moorish traveller Ibn-Batua was struck by the vastness of this tank, which was supplied by rain water and in the centre of which stood a double storeyed stone pavilion, reached only by boats when full.
	www.punjabkesari.com /Religion/8DelhiM.htm (224 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Iltutmish (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Iltutmish ascended the throne of Delhi in 1210.
		Balka Khalji was defeated and slain in 1231.
		Having received this news, Sultan Iltutmish recalled Alauddin Jani and appointed malik saifuddin aibak as the governor of Bengal.
	banglapedia.search.com.bd.cob-web.org:8888 /HT/I_0026.htm (395 words)

	SLAVE-TAKING DURING MUSLIM RULE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Most of the time of Sultan Iltutmish (1210-1236) was spent in suppressing his Turkish opponents, Qutbi and Muizzi Amirs in Delhi and rivals Yaldoz and Qubacha in Punjab and Sindh.
		In 1228 C.E. Iltutmish received a patent of investiture from Al-Mustansir Billah, the Khalifa of Baghdad, in recognition of his enormously augmenting the prestige of the Muhammadan government in India.
		The practice and pattern of breaking the spirit of the captives under Aibak, Iltutmish and Balban, indeed throughout the medieval period, was the same as during the days of the Khaljis and the Tughlaqs.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/mssmi/ch5.htm (5329 words)

	Mamluk2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Iltutmish (1210 AD - 1236 AD), son-in-law of Aibak - succeeded Aibak as the sultan by defeating Aibak's son.
		Iltutmish must be regarded as the real consolidator of the Turkish conquests in north India.
		They periodically crossed river Indus to attack Punjab and Iltutmish had to keep constant check on this side.
	www.hinduholocaust.com /history/mamluk2.htm (153 words)

	indiansaga.info - Who's Who of India
		She was the first woman in the history of Islam to govern a country.
		Iltutmish's former advisers were unhappy about this, but they accepted the situation.
		She dressed as a man. She proved to be a capable and vigorous ruler, giving out justice in person and leading her armies into battle against rebel forces.
	indiansaga.com /whoswho/raziyah.html (185 words)

	Iltutmish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the beginning it was governed by Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha, then captured by Jalal-al-Din Manakabarni and finally annexed by Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish.
		Altmush (altmış pronounced ahlt-MUSH) in the turkish language translates into 60, which was the age of Shamsuddin at the time he was made king.
		Altmash or Iltutmish was the first king to appoint a woman as his official successor named Razia Sultan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Iltutmish (180 words)

	Muslim Conquest Of Bengal
		In 1226, Nasir-ud-din Mahmud, eldest son of Iltutmish defeated and killed Ghiyas-ud-din, and became the governor as sultan Gari.
		He was a just ruler, and, even though he was a governor, he was allowed to circulate his own coinage, some of which also bears the name of khlalifa of Bagdad.
		Iltutmish defeated him and made Ala-ud-din Jani, a Turk prince, ruler of Lakhnauti.
	members.tripod.com /~tanmoy/bengal/muslimconquest.html (1005 words)

	Chapter 2 - Rise of Muslims under the Sultanate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sultan Iltutmish’s accession (1210) was resisted by Delhi Jandars, and in the battle he “put most of their horsemen” to the sword.
		For example, when some Ulema approached Iltutmish and suggested to him to confront the Hindus with a choice between Islam and death, Nizam-ul-Mulk Junaidi, the Wazir, replied: “But at the moment in India the Muslims are so few that they are like salt (in a large dish).
		Iltutmish, Balban and Alauddin Khalji were practical administrators, and but for the captives and converts obtained by them during wars, they did not act as royal missionaries.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/imwat/ch2.htm (6579 words)

	Qutab Complex
		It is said to have been brought to Delhi by the Tomar king Anangpal, somewhere in the 11th century.
		Also located in the complex is the Iltutmish Tomb, northwest to the Iron Pillar.
		Iltutmish died in 1236, but had his tomb built a year earlier in 1235.
	www.travelmasti.com /worldheritage/qutubcomplex.htm (435 words)

	Tomb of Sultan Ghari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Significance: Sultan Ghari is the name given to Nasiruddin Mahmud, the eldest son and heir-apparent of Iltutmish.
		The tomb was probably built by Iltutmish and is the first monumental Islamic tomb in India, excepting some pre-sultanate monuments in the Kutch area.
		The tomb has the appearance of a fortification and the golden stone is a spectacular sight.
	archnet.org /institutions/INTACH/library/web/delhi/Page137.html (306 words)

	AmritWorld.com: The Slave Dynasty
		Although Iltutmish became the king by chance; but it was not an easy job for him.
		Iltutmish did not want to pick up a quarrel with Changez Khan, so he refused to protect Jalal-ud-Din.
		Razia Begam was the daughter of king Iltutmish.
	www.amritworld.com /slave_dynasty.html (1414 words)

	[No title]
		Iltutmish faced a lot of rebellions but he swiftly acted and effectively suppressed all of them, keeping him in complete control of his sultanate.
		Iltutmish can be considered as the best of all the Turkish sultans who ruled from Delhi.
		He was bought by Iltutmish and by his ability he rose to become minister and later king.
	www.med.unc.edu /~nupam/delhi1.html (5065 words)

	qutb_complex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This complex was first constructed by Qutb-ud-din Aybak, the first ruler of the Slave Dynasty, and his successor Iltutmish (aka Altmash) in his new city called the Qila-Rai-Pithora near Prithivraj Chauhan's older city.
		The complex was added to by many subsequent rulers, including Iltutmish and Ala ud din Khilji as well as the British.
		To the west of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque is the tomb of Iltutmish which was built by the monarch in 1235.
	www.chatpartners.net /wiki/?title=Qutb_complex (1262 words)

	Qutub Minar, Delhi, Indo-Islamic Architecture, Popular Tourist Sites in Delhi, World Heritage Sites.
		The Qutub Minar was probably built as a minar for the purpose of azaan by the muezzin.
		The artists employed by Aibak and Iltutmish was Hindus and the raw material was also obtained from existing Hindu and Jain temples.
		Thus the difference in the buildings of the period of Qutub-ud-Din Aibak, Iltutmish and Ala-ud-Din Khalji is prominent.
	www.indiaprofile.com /monuments-temples/qutubminar.htm (691 words)

	Slave Dynasty: 1206-1290
		Aybak's reign was short lived due to a polo accident so his son-in-law, Iltutmish (1211-36), succeeded him to the throne.
		Iltutmish is known as the third and greatest sultan of the Slave Dynasty.
		Iltutmish was recognized by the chroniclers and poets of his reign as a very religious and wise leader.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/India/SlaveDelhi.html (651 words)

	The Tomb Of Iltutmish - Qutub Minar - Forts & Monuments - Delhi
		The Tomb Of Iltutmish - Qutub Minar - Forts and Monuments - Delhi
		Though, there was a gap of only five years between the constructions of Sultan Ghauri's tomb and this tomb, it is much different and serves as an example of development phase in Indo-Islamic architecture.
		Unlike his predecessors, Iltutmish abstained from using the material obtained from the demolition of temples.
	www.exploredelhi.com /qutub-minar/tomb-of-iltutmish.html (225 words)

	The Megalomania of Ala-ud-Din Khilji by Ashish Nangia
		After Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish, the Delhi Sultanate was marked by a long period of brief rules and frequent internecine warfare.
		First started in the tomb of Iltutmish (see previous article), the weight of the dome is transferred to the square base by the same mechanism - the squinch.
		In this case, the squinch consists of five recessed arches gracefully transforming the square into the octagon, and the octagon into a sixteen sided figure.
	www.boloji.com /architecture/00018.htm (963 words)

	Qutab Minar,Qutab Minar in New Delhi,Monuments in Delhi,Qutab Minar Tours,Trip to Qutab Minar Delhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The monument has a total of five storeies tapering towards the top and each storey is marked by a circular balcony.
		The tomb was built a year before Iltutmish died and it bears traits of Iltutmish's personality.
		Alai Darwaza is often described as the gem of the Islamic architecture.
	www.travelgodelhi.com /delhi-heritage/heritage-qutab-minar.htm (460 words)

	India Heritage :: History :: Medieval :: North India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Since he had been a slave, and also since the chain of rulers who succeeded him,had also been slaves for a certain period, the dynasty came to be known as the Slave Dynasty.
		Thereafter, all but one of the later sultans of the dynasty were his descendants, including his daughter, Razia, who had a brief stint of four years.
		The Slave Dynasty was followed by those of the Khiljis (1290-1320), the Tughlaqs (1321-1412), the Saiyyads, whose rule failed to make any significant impact, and the Lodhis (1446-1526), all of whom were of Turkish-Afghan origin.
	www.indiaheritage.org /history/history_medieval_north.htm (1278 words)

	Qutb Complex: Iltutmish Tomb (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mausoleum of Shams al-Din Iltutmish (Shams ud-din Altamash, Shams-ud-din Altamish, Altutmish)
		The tomb of Iltutmish, completed shortly before his death, stands just outside of his own extensions to the Quwwat ul Islam mosque, at its northwestern corner.
		It is square in plan, and was once covered by a Hindu-style dome, since collapsed.
	archnet.org.cob-web.org:8888 /library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=10 (123 words)

	Miscellenous ancient coins
		By mid-century, northern India from the Khyber Pass to Bengal was under control of the sultanate, although the northwest was contested with the Mongols.
		Iltutmish (1210-35) and Balban (1266-87) were among the dynasty's most well-known rulers.
		Faced with revolts by conquered territories and rival families, the Malmuk dynasty came to an end in 1290.
	www.ancientcoins.ca /india8.html (4524 words)

	Raziyya
		Raziyya (or Razia, or Radiyya) Iltutmish (or Altamsh) was the first Sultana (a Moslem woman ruler) of Northern India.
		Her father was Shamsudin Iltutmish, a former Turkish slave who became the greatest Sultan of the Mamluk ("Slave") Dynasty in Delhi.
		The father realized that his two sons were not worthy of the throne, so he designated his daughter Raziyya as his successor.
	www.distinguishedwomen.com /biographies/raziyya.html (510 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Literature
		The first encounter between Sultans of Delhi and the Bengal governor occurred during the reign of Iltutmish (1211-36 AD), who after the death of Changez Khan (1224 AD), felt no danger to his infant empire from the north-west.
		As the Bengal governor, Ghiyas-ud-din Iwaz Khilji, was growing powerful, Iltutmish wanted to rein in his increasing influence.
		Then Iltutmish sent his son, Prince Nasir-ud-din Mahmud, who killed Iwaz, ending his 14-year rule.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2003/20030629/spectrum/book4.htm (915 words)

	Pre Modern India: Delhi Sultanate Outline
		Iltutmish, his son-in-law, "elected" by Turkish nobles, 1210-36.
		Razia Begum 1236-39 (daughter of Iltutmish and only woman to rule as Sultan).
		Increased authority of office of Sultan and the Sultanate.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~sj6/premoindoutline06.htm (310 words)

	Welcome To Punjabkesari.com-Religion
		The mosque was enlarged by two later rulers.
		Shamsu'd-Din Iltutmish (1211-36), son-in-law and successor of Qutub-ud-Din, doubled the size of the mosque in 1230 by extending its colonnades and prayer hall outside the original enclosure, as a result the Qutub Minar now fell within the mosque-enclosure.
		The arches of Iltutmish's screen are still principally corbelled, although their arabesque ornamentation with the inscriptions standing out prominently is Saracenic in feeling, as distinct from the mixed decoration of Qutub-ud-Din Aibak's screen.
	www.punjabkesari.com /Religion/18DelhiM.htm (422 words)

	Qutub Minar Delhi - Famous Monument in India,Popular Monuments in India
		To mark his victory over Rai Pithora, Qutub-ud-Din Aibak built the Quwwat-ul-Islam Masjid (Might of Islam) in 1192.
		Also located in the complex is the Iltutmish Tomb.
		Iltutmish had his tomb built a year earlier than his death.
	www.famous-india.com /buildings-in-india/qutub-minar-delhi.html (616 words)

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