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	Image of Edessa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The image is said to have surfaced in 525, during a flood of the Daisan, a tributary stream of the Euphrates.
		The Mandylion of Edessa from the private chapel of the pope in the Vatican.
		Is the Shroud of Turin the Image of Edessa
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Image_of_Edessa (1295 words)

	Christianity and the Shroud of Turin Mystery
		In fact, there may have been images like the one on the Turin Shroud on on the shrouds of thousands of people buried as the Jews were buried in the late-Second Temple period.
		The images on the Shroud of Turin are chemical images -- plural because there are two images: one of Jesus' front and one of Jesus' backside.
		Image analysts and forensic pathologists argue that the image on the cloth is of a man with his knees bent slightly and with his head tilted forward as though resting on a pillow that was under the cloth.
	www.historicaljesusquest.com /mandylion.htm (3104 words)

	Shroud of Turin: Image of Edessa
		Edessa was a cosmopolitan city in Jesus’ day and one of the cities were Christian communities developed early as they did in Antioch.
		The image on the cloth is recognized to be unique in that the images were described as painted with choice pigments or formed when Jesus wiped his face on the linen cloth.
		What is not legend, nor speculation, is that the cloth, with an image of what was then believed to be a true and miraculous facial image of Jesus - described as a divinely wrought image and an image not made by hand - was found in the walls of the city in the sixth century.
	www.factsplusfacts.com /resources/Edessa.htm (996 words)

	The Resurrection Problem and the Shroud of Turin, Part 12, The Image of Edessa, The Holy Mandylion
		This cloth was known as the Image of Edessa, the Edessa Cloth, and later in Byzantine era, as the Holy Mandylion.
		The image on the cloth is recognized to be unique in that it was described as painted with choice pigments and formed by Jesus when he wiped his face on the linen cloth.
		If, in fact, the Shroud was taken to Edessa in the earlier part of the first century, it might have been hidden for protection as early as the reign of Ma'nu VI, Abgar's son, who is thought to have reverted to paganism.
	shroudstory.com /essay/part12.htm (1430 words)

	TARZI: Edessa in the Era of Patriarch Michael The Syrian
		As of the seventh century and until the beginning of the thirteenth century, Edessa was ruled predominantly by men of alien stock, professing a faith alien to that of most of its inhabitants.
		The Crusaders, who had managed to maintain their hold on the immediate neighborhood of Edessa, met with the Atabeg of Mosul, Imad ul-din Zangi, an exponent of skill, resourcefulness and determination at the time when the ruler of Edessa was the ineffective Jocelyn the younger.
		A census published in 1908 by Ottoman authorities puts the population of Edessa and surroundings (the County of Edessa consisting of Edessa, Birejik, Qal‘at Rrum and Harran) in the vicinity of 72,000.
	syrcom.cua.edu /Hugoye/Vol3No2/HV3N2Tarzi.html (6140 words)

	Shroud of Turin - Crystalinks
		Except for the Image of Edessa, none of the reports of these (up to 43) different "true shrouds" was known to mention an image of a body.The Image of Edessa was reported to contain the image of the face of Christ, and its existence is reported reliably since the sixth century.
		Proponents of the theory that the Edessa image was actually the shroud, led by Ian Wilson, theorize that it was always folded in such a way as to show only the face.Three principal pieces of evidence are cited in favor of the identification with the shroud.
		CXXVI (copia), National Library Palermo) Unless it is the Shroud of Turin, then the location of the Image of Edessa since the 13th century is unknown.Some historians speculate that the shroud may have been found in Constantinople by the Knights Templar during the 12th or 13th century and subsequentially taken to France.
	www.crystalinks.com /shroud.html (3804 words)

	The Image of Edessa
		Prosperous Edessa, astride a major east-west caravan route, was ruled by King Abgar V from 13 to 50.
		The "Image of Edessa disappears from history until a disastrous flood in 525 which "destroyed public buildings, palaces, churches, and much of the city wall, and drowned one-third of the population.
		Several researchers think the Mandylion was the same cloth as the full-figured Shroud of Turin, The Image of Edessa, however, conforms to the size of the cloth placed over the face of a dead person or soudarion, not entire shroud or sindon.
	www.mystae.com /restricted/reflections/messiah/edessa.html (3845 words)

	The Shroud of Turin - ReligionFacts
		The shroud is woven in a herringbone twill and is composed of flax fibrils entwined with cotton fibrils.
		The Image of Edessa was reported to contain the image of the face of Christ, and its existence is proven since the sixth century.
		In 1389 the image was denounced as a fraud by Bishop Pierre D'Arcis in a letter to the Avignon pope, mentioning that the image had previously been denounced by his predecessor Henri de Poitiers, who had been concerned that no such image was mentioned in scripture.
	www.religionfacts.com /christianity/things/shroud_of_turin.htm (5384 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Edessa
		Among the illustrious disciples of the School of Edessa special mention is due to Bardesanes (154-222), a schoolfellow of Abgar IX, the originator of Christian religious poetry, whose teaching was continued by his son Harmonius and his disciples.
		For an account of this venerable and famous image, which was certainly at Edessa in 544, and of which there is an ancient copy in the Vatican Library, brought to the West by the Venetians in 1207, see Weisliebersdorf, "Christus und Apostelbilder" (Freiburg, 1902), and Dobschütz, "Christusbilder" (Leipzig, 1899).
		It was retaken by the Arabs, and then successivelly held by the Greeks, the Seljuk Turks (1087), the Crusaders (1099), who established there the "county" of Edessa and kept the city till 1144, when it was again captured by the Turk Zengui, and most of its inhabitants were slaughtered together with the Latin archbishop.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05282a.htm (1258 words)

	History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 5 eBook
		The ignorance of the primitive church is explained by the long imprisonment of the image in a niche of the wall, from whence, after an oblivion of five hundred years, it was released by some prudent bishop, and seasonably presented to the devotion of the times.
		It is true, indeed, that the text of Procopius ascribes the double deliverance of Edessa to the wealth and valor of her citizens, who purchased the absence and repelled the assaults of the Persian monarch.
		After this important service, the image of Edessa was preserved with respect and gratitude; and if the Armenians rejected the legend, the more credulous Greeks adored the similitude, which was not the work of any mortal pencil, but the immediate creation of the divine original.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/735/4.html (395 words)

	Holy Shroud Guild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since in the image the emperor himself was considered as present, the portrait character, possibly a little idealized or stylized, was regarded as essential.
		Qne of the arguments in that controversy was the Christ image of Edessa, "not made by hands." On the occasion of the 1st centenary ("Feast of Orthodoxy") after a war, of which a motif was to obtain that image (943), it was translated to Constantinople.
		Left: The Christ image of Edessa was preserved in a shrine, folded in 8 layers.
	users.aol.com /fcbrink/hsg/hsgart2.htm (2370 words)

	The Shroud - Description and History
		Beside the image, there are many differnt kinds of markings on the fourteen and a half by three and a half foot ivory colored linen shroud.
		The earliest icons the Vignon found with shroud-like similarities were copies of the "Image of Edessa," a portrait of Jesus on cloth which was discovered in 544 bricked up in a wall in Edessa, the center of Syrian Christianity.
		This theory was based on his realization that the image was on cloth, and just as in later times, the shroud had been folded for storage, the Image of Edessa was probably what showed after the cloth was folded up.
	www.asis.com /~stag/shroud/deschist.html (1699 words)

	The Shroud of Turin - Description and History of the Shroud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The new era of significant discoveries surrounding the identity of the image of the man on the Shroud was ushered in.
		The image itself is difficult to discern clearly, and strangely enough, it becomes even more difficult to see the closer one comes to it—the image seems to melt away.
		In the process of comparing the images one to another and with the Shroud, about fifteen of these marks were identified as consistently appearing on all images.
	www.sspx.ca /Angelus/1989_November/Shroud_Turin.htm (1336 words)

	SHROUD OF TURIN - SKEPTICAL INQUIRER - EDESSA WALLS
		We know that the cloth of Edessa bearing an image, thought to be an image of Jesus, was found hidden above the gate ca.
		There is evidence of local persecutions in Edessa as early as the latter part of the first century and of Roman persecutions that persisted until the time of Emperor Constantine.
		If, in fact, the cloth was taken to Edessa in the early part of the first century, it might have been hidden for protection as early as the reign of Ma’nu VI, Abgar’s son, who is thought to have reverted to paganism following his father's acceptance of Christianity.
	www.skepticalspectacle.com /history03.htm (227 words)

	Fast Facts about the Shroud of Turin
		The field of Iconography suggests that the Shroud Image was the "Image not made by hands" from which all icons drew their inspiration.
		It became known throughout the Byzantine world as "The Image of Edessa" and later was called the "Mandylion".
		The image occurs only on the top surface of the fibers, similar to the front side of the Shroud but there is no coloring of the threads in between.
	www.shroud2000.com /FastFacts.html (2891 words)

	Shroud of Turin History: Edessa to Turin: 2005 Facts
		On August 15, 944 AD, a cloth known as the Cloth of Edessa, was forcibly transferred from the city of Edessa to Constantinople, the Byzantine capital.
		It had been in Edessa since at least the middle of the 6th century (544 AD) when it was found concealed behind some stones above one of the city gates.
		Image is a reddish-brown caramel-like complex carbon bond, a chemical change within a super thin coating of crude starch on the fabric's outermost fibers.
	www.factsplusfacts.com /shroud-of-turin-history.htm (1756 words)

	The History of the Shroud of Turin from Edessa to Constantinople
		We know from various sources that the cloth was a burial shroud with a faint full-body image of Jesus and bloodstains positioned on the image.
		The image was variously described as a reflection, produced by sweat and divinely wrought.
		The Edessa Image certainly seems to have been among the treasures taken by the looters.
	www.shroudofturin4journalists.com /history.htm (554 words)

	:::. The History Trail .:::. Shroud of Turin .:::. Mysteries of Bible .:::. CODE 10 .:::. Myth and Mystery .::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It became known as "The Image of Edessa" and later was called the "Mandylion".
		These first pictures led to the discovery that the image on the cloth is actually a negative.
		Of the 28 images found, pollen for 27 of them are confirmed to be from plants around Jerusalem.
	www11.brinkster.com /code10v2/bible/main/shroud/history_trail.html (860 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Christ: The 1st Christian martyr
		Skeptics have tried, unsuccessfully, to recreate the image they insist is a "pious fake." Most who reject the Shroud put their faith in the carbon-14 testing results that date the linen as from the 14th century.
		Of particular note is that when the image on the Shroud is placed over the stains on the Sudarium, there is an exact fit of the stains with the beard on the man's face.
		Some historians have hypothesized that the Shroud is the long-missing "Image of Edessa," and that it reached France via Templars after the sack of Constantinople at the time of the Fourth Crusade.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=37956 (3026 words)

	Saint Jude's Meditation Center
		According to the legend when King Agbar V of Edessa desired to be cured of his leprosy he wrote to Jesus at Jerusalem.
		Because the image which Jude carried was miraculous it was called "The Mandylion" and said to be "Akheiropoietos" or the "image-not-made-by-hands".
		For many years the cloth remained at Edessa and eventually was placed in a cabinet in the palace and the image in iconic form was painted on the door of the cabinet.
	www.angelfire.com /pa5/jude (781 words)

	Could be the Shroud and the Mandylion be the same cloth?
		There appears to be a cloth discovered in Edessa, Turkey in 525 AD that bore a face image that was declared "The True Likeness" of Christ, "Not made by human hands".
		There are remarkable resemblance's between early Icon images and the image that is on the Shroud.
		It is believed that the Mandylion was at first only known as a face image because of the way it was folded and presented to viewers.
	www.shroud2000.com /ArticlesPapers/Article-Mandylion.html (989 words)

	IQLogo - Icon
		An icon (from Greek εικων, eikon, "image") is an artistic visual representation or symbol of anything considered holy and divine, such as God, saints or deities.
		The true image at Edessa gave the generic name for a Veronica in the West.
		This cloth reportedly remained in Edessa until the 10th century, when it was taken to Constantinople.
	www.iqlogo.com /library/icon.htm (810 words)

	The Shroud of Turin Story: From Jerusalem to Edessa to Constantinople
		Tradition is that Jude Thaddeus travels to Edessa and brings a likeness of Jesus, what comes to be known as the Image of Edessa or the Mandylion.
		900's CE diptych painted in the tenth century shows a cloth with an image of Jesus being held be King Abgar V. The shape of the cloth and the centrality of a facial image suggest what may be the folded Shroud.
		944 CE The Image of Edessa is transferred to Constantinople by the Byzantine emperor Romanus I. In the Naration of the Image of Edessa, the cloth is described as an acheiropoietos meaning an impression of God's assumed form and as a moist secretion without coloring or painter's art, and made of linen cloth.
	www.shroudforum.com /topic-earlytable.htm (368 words)

	Shroud of Turin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		(Strictly speaking, the image on the shroud is a relief negative, in which areas of the body touching the cloth are darker, not a photographic negative, in which areas of the body with lighter pigmentation would appear darker on the cloth.
		Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas (1997) claim that the image on the shroud is that of Jacques de Molay, the last Grand Master of the Order of the Knights Templar, arrested for heresy at the Paris Temple by Philip IV of France on October 13, 1307.
		In any case the removal, from Edessa, by conquest of the Image of Edessa by the Byzantine Emperor Romanus I in 944 arguably marks the first break in the legitimate chain of title regardless.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shroud_of_Turin (9254 words)

	The Shroud of Turin - arguments for authenticity - historical and scientific evidence - true burial cloth of Jesus ...
		Early replicas of the Image were portrayed as an elongated trellis frame with a circle in the middle that depicted the face.
		It was referred to as one of the main arguments by the Fathers of the Church to defend the legitimacy of the use of sacred images.
		According to Constantine, the Image was a “moist secretion without colors or the art of a painting.”12 Another author, Symeon Magister, writing about the same time, said that the Emperor’s sons were disappointed because they were only able to distinguish a faint image of a face on the cloth.
	www.tanbooks.com /doct/shroud_turin.htm (8325 words)

	St. Pachomius Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Later St. Thaddeus of the Seventy or another apostle is said to have brought the Gospel in full to Abgar's kingdom.
		Many modern writers associate the Edessa image with the Shroud of Turin, although this would seem to mean rejecting parts of the received narratives.
		Daniel R. Porter: The Image of Edessa -- Implications in the Quest for the Historical Jesus.
	www.voskrese.info /spl/XabgarEdess.html (170 words)

	What is the Image of Edessa: Shroud of Turin FAQ
		What is the Image of Edessa: Shroud of Turin FAQ
		What is not legend, nor speculation, is that the cloth, with an image of what was then believed to be a true and miraculous facial image of Jesus — described as a divinely wrought image and an image not made by hand — was found in the walls of the city in the sixth century.
		The Ray Rogers FAQ Statements of fact that can be proved from the scientific observations.
	www.shroudstory.com /faq/Shroud-Turin-Image-Edessa.htm (885 words)

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