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	Immanuel Velikovsky
		Immanuel Velikovsky in his 1950's book Worlds in Collision proposes that many myths and traditions of ancient peoples and cultures are based on actual events: worldwide global catastrophes of a celestial origin, which had a profound effect on the lives, beliefs and writings of early mankind.
		The SIS was formed in 1974 in response to a growing interest in the works of modern catastrophists such as Dr Immanuel Velikovsky, stimulating controversy in the fields of cosmology, geology and ancient history.
		Maintained by a team of historians to ensure the integrity and preservation of Velikovsky’s unpublished writings, the Archive is strictly non-profit and its sole purpose is the advancement of education and scholarship.
	knowledge.co.uk /velikovsky (499 words)

	Immanuel Velikovsky
		Velikovsky observes in passing that as the israelites counted the days from sunset it was for them the 14th Aviv; and, ever since, the Passover has been celebrated on the fourteenth day of the first month of spring.
		Velikovsky willingly conceded that the behavior of the earth and the comet in his description is not in accord with the celestial mechanics of Newton.
		Velikovsky brings strong evidence to bear that the comet which so terrorized the earth was in fact the planet Venus - newly born, by eruption from a larger planet.
	www.tmgnow.com /repository/secret/velikovsky.html (5232 words)

	Other Unorthodox Catastrophism
		Immanuel Velikovsky Archive offers the text of several previously unpublished works by Velikovsky, including Days and Years, Before the Day Breaks, In the Beginning, and The Dark Age of Greece, as well as some of Velikovsky's correspondence.
		The Society for Interdisciplinary Studies (SIS) is the British Velikovsky Society, although it has broadened its reach in recent years to encompass other forms of catastrophism such as that of Clube and Napier.
		Hogan is sympathetic to Velikovsky's ideas and castigates scientists for their treatment of him and his ideas over the years.
	www.pibburns.com /catastro/othercat.htm (1945 words)

	Catastrophism Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Velikovsky's discoveries and predictions, his experiences related to the publication of his books, and the abuse he suffered at the hands of establishment academics and scientists is quite remarkable.
		Velikovsky's radical reconstruction of ancient history from the Exodus to the conquest of the East by Alexander the Great is contained in three volumes: Ages in Chaos (1952), Peoples of the Sea (1977),and Ramses II and His Time (1978).
		Velikovsky presented evidence that Oedipus, of Greek legend, who also killed his father and married his mother who bore his children, was, in fact, Akhnaton.
	www.pacificsites.com /~cmorford/Her_Sci/Intro.htm (908 words)

	Immanuel Velikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		But Immanuel Velikovsky was a complex and gifted man. Born in Vitebsk, Russia, in 1895, he studied law and economics in Moscow and became fluent in six languages, including Hebrew and Latin.
		Velikovsky maintained that this singular event -- which moved Venus into the harmless orbit it occupies today -- was immortalized in the mythologies of many different cultures.
		Velikovsky had offended legions of professionals in the fields of geology, astronomy, celestial mechanics, and history -- and these irate individuals were determined to strike back.
	www.bio-plasmics.org /velikovsky.htm (2328 words)

	VELIKOVSKY UPDATEIntroduction It was Immanuel Velikovsky's claim in +quot;Worlds in Collis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Inasmuch as Velikovsky offered a revolution in our understanding of ancient mythology--indeed of ancient history in general--one would have thought that a close scrutiny of his initial premises would have been in order to see whether such a revolution was truly in order.
		Fundamental to Velikovsky's understanding of ancient myth, as we have observed, is the belief that it encodes historical events, albeit on occasion in a figurative and symbolic manner.
		Velikovsky's handling of the Exodus material illustrates what would appear to be a glaring flaw in his approach to the ancient sources.
	www.skepticfiles.org /evolut/updatewi.htm (4142 words)

	Hatshepsut, the Queen of Sheba, and Immanuel Velikovsky
		Velikovsky’s section title thus might mislead readers, and in view of the difference in the names of the trees in question, it is clear that there is no evident reason—except perhaps to support a foregone conclusion—to assert their identity.
		It is difficult to glean from Velikovsky’s discussion that Hatshepsut’s edifice at Deir el Bahari was her funerary monument, constructed in a part of the vast Theban cemetery region in the desert on the west side of the Nile.
		This is the event that Velikovsky proposes to identify with the campaign of “Shishak king of Egypt” against the kingdom of Judah during the reign of Rehoboam, and it is familiar to readers as the topic of Chapter IV of Ages in Chaos.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Academy/1326/hatshepsut.html (16143 words)

	NewsScan Publishing Inc. - NewsScan Daily Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Velikovsky's book was a popular success, despite the hostile criticism from most scientists, who questioned its scientific accuracy.
		Velikovsky was born in Vitebsk, Russia and was educated at the universities in Edinburgh, Kharkov, and Moscow.
		In spite of the scientifically suspect nature of Velikovsky's investigations, it should be noted that some of his astronomical hypotheses, such as the emission of radio waves from Jupiter and the relatively hot temperature for Venus, have been experimentally verified.
	www.newsscan.com /cgi-bin/findit_view?table=honorary_subscriber&id=791 (370 words)

	The UnMuseum - Immanuel Velikovsky
		Velikovsky also credits the manna that nourished the nation of Israel during their forty-year wandering through the desert in Exodus to carbohydrates that fell to Earth from comet Venus's tail.
		Velikovsky's theories didn't fit in at all with modern astrophysics and he was criticized by most scientists.
		Velikovsky didn't seem to be concerned with the problems his theory generated for physicists.
	www.unmuseum.org /velikov.htm (1443 words)

	VELIKOVSKY Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On Immanuel Velikovsky was born June 10, 1895, in Vitebsk, Russia.
		In Apri1, 1940, Velikovsky was first struck by the idea that a great natural catastrophe had taken place at the time of the Israelites' Exodus from Egypt- a time when plagues occurred, the Sea of Passage parted, Mt. Sinai erupted, and the pillar of cloud and fire moved in the sky.
		Velikovsky continued his research from his home in Princeton, guiding several dozens of researchers who followed in his footsteps in assembling data and evidence supporting his theories.
	home.flash.net /~cjransom/vel.html (866 words)

	Immanuel Velikovsky's Worlds in Collision
		Velikovsky was bitterly opposed by the vast majority of the scientific community, but the opposition may have been elicited mainly because of his popularity with "the New York literati" (Sagan 1979, 83).
		Velikovsky explains why our ancestors did not record these events as they occurred in a chapter entitled "A Collective Amnesia." He reverts to the old Freudian notion of repressed memory and neurosis.
		I conclude that Velikovsky was fundamentally wrong in both his vision of planetary collisions (or near collisions) and in his failure to recognize the role of smaller impacts and collisions in solar system history.
	skepdic.com /velikov.html (2519 words)

	[No title]
		Yet in the end Velikovsky believed the evidence to be conclusive: the world-destroying "comet" of global myths was the now-settled planet Venus, a body every astronomer assumes to have occupied its present course for billions of years.
		The proceedings of the 1974 San Francisco AAAS gathering on Velikovsky, in which the popular astronomer Carl Sagan played the featured role, had all of the trappings of a media event, and for years afterwards it was dutifully remembered in mainstream publications as the "definitive refutation" of Velikovsky.
		And yet, even as the Velikovsky controversy seemed to fade into the background, a number of independent researchers, inspired by new possibilities, labored quietly in their own fields of study, seeking out the remaining pieces of the puzzle Velikovsky had laid before them.
	www.kronia.com /library/journals/explrmor.txt (2490 words)

	[No title]
		Velikovsky appears to add the lack of knowledge of chemistry to his lack of knowledge of astrophysics.
		Velikovsky tries to convince us (later works) that the tail got wrapped around the planet and is now the atmosphere.
		Immanuel Velikovsky said: }I came upon the idea that traditions and legends and memories of generic }origin can be treated in the same way in which we treat in psychoanalysis }the early memories of a single individual.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/faq-velikovsky.html (10077 words)

	Immanuel Velikovsky - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Immanuel Velikovsky was the writer of Worlds in Collision (1950), a catastrophist theory of the Solar System in recent times, and several other works advocating similar heterodox and castastrophist historical views.
		Carl Sagan recalled a distinguished professor of Semitic literatures dismissing Velikovsky's discussions of Babylonian, Biblical, and rabbinical literatures as rubbish, while being impressed with all the astronomy.
		And the terrified looks of those fish are most likely an anthropomorphism, either by Velikovsky or his sources, since fish are not noted for their facial expressions, and since fish skulls, like most other skulls, are rigid.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Immanuel_Velikovsky (654 words)

	Velikovsky (1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Unlike Velikovsky, however, de Santillana and von Dechend were hamstrung by a conservative approach to astrophysics and this, in my opinion, prevented them from entertaining the possibility that ancient myths recounting cataclysms involving the respective planets were indeed based upon cataclysmic events.
		The pitfalls inherent in Velikovsky's lack of a systematic methodology are best illustrated, perhaps, by the tension in his work between myth as astronomical allegory and as literal history, particularly as it applies to his discussion of the Exodus.
		Alas, if Velikovsky's historical reconstruction rests uneasily upon the historical/mythological record, such is not the case with his thesis of planetary catastrophism, which is confirmed again and again by the ancient sources.
	www.sumeria.net /cosmo/veli1.html (5191 words)

	Raising the MammothVelikovsky's version: cosmic catastrophes and the extinction of the mammoth
		In it, Velikovsky claimed that Biblical stories of manna from heaven, hails of rocks and three days of darkness (and similar accounts from other ancient texts) were factual accounts of real events.
		Velikovsky proposed a series of almost unbelievable events as the explanation: the planet Venus was ejected from Jupiter (the astronomical version of projectile vomiting) and came swooping through the solar system, passing close enough to the Earth around 1450 BC to create the natural disasters described in Exodus.
		Velikovsky was fascinated by the profusion of mammoth bones and tusks and even frozen bodies that had been found in Siberia and Alaska.
	exn.ca /Mammoth/FrozenMammoths.cfm (1038 words)

	Directory - Science: Anomalies and Alternative Science: Geology, Alternative: Velikovsky, Immanuel
		The Immanuel Velikovsky Archive · iweb · cached · A comprehensive archive of Velikovsky's unpublished writings, maintained by a team of historians.
		Immanuel Velikovsky · cached · Critically examines several of Velikovsky's statements and claims made in Ages in Chaos.
		Collected Essays of Immanuel Velikovsky · cached · Includes papers on the basis of his theories, prediction in science, the origin of diamonds, fallacies of radiocarbon dating, and other topics.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=497777 (286 words)

	Oedipus and Akhnaton
		Velikovsky concludes that the Oedipus tragedy was in fact based on the historical Akhnaton but that Moses was not his disciple.
		Velikovsky's research on Oedipus and Akhnaton, using Sophocles' Oedipus Rex as his primary source on Oedipus, began in the latter part of 1939.
		Velikovsky went on to become one of the world's most controversial individuals in the second half of the twentieth century.
	www.ebicom.net /~rsf1/vel/oedipus.htm (1441 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: EARTH IN UPHEAVAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Velikovsky compiled this huge list of catastrophic data in answer to one of the foolish criticisms of 1950's "Worlds In Collision" -- that it relied on 'tales and stories'.
		Velikovsky argues that evolution often proceeds in dramatic steps as a consequence of a climactic catastrophe.
		Therefore, while Velikovsky is correct when pointing out the evidence for dramatic changes in climate, there is reason to believe that the causes are simply components in the natural cycle of the world.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0671524658?v=glance (1811 words)

	Immanuel Velikovsky
		Velikovsky was born in Vitebsk, Russia. As a child he learned several languages, and excelled in mathematics. In 1913 he travelled to Europe, visiting Palestine, briefly studying medicine at Montpelier, France, and taking premedical courses at the University of Edinburgh.
		Velikovsky shifted to Palestine in 1924 and practiced psychoanalysis for the next 15 years.
		You should be aware that Velikovsky only reported to us in his book what ALL the ancient civilizations alive on earth at that time (and who left a discovered record) recorded as having happened, i.e.
	www.survive2012.com /pole_shift_2.php (1988 words)

	Notion of Time in Collective Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Velikovsky exposed a collapsed theory of astronomical recollection, providing grounds for ostracism, while the understanding of Time and memory process was distracted.
		Velikovsky, who went through psychoanalysis in Vienna as a student of Freud, was well aware of the stakes of the Oedipus Complex theory, and he knew very well Freud's interpretation of Moses' history.
		Although Velikovsky's theory led him to make certain claims, such as a relatively hot temperature for Venus, that were subsequently verified, many scientists have questioned the plausibility of the celestial events described by Velikovsky and the mechanisms that he proposed to account for them.
	www.dnafoundation.com /members/akh/8artic/8vel.htm (3244 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Carl Sagan and Immanuel Velikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I have heard Ginenthal called an "apologist" for Velikovsky by a prominent Velikovsky follower, yet the harshest critic of Velikovsky's followers admitted to me that Sagan was less than straightforward in his critique of Velikovsky's work, and that the scientific establishment treated Velikovsky shabbily, with Sagan leading the underhanded attack.
		Velikovsky is one in a long line of catastrophic theorists, and catastrophic theory has been gaining scientific respectability these days, as well as movies being made of comets slamming into earth (though Velikovsky theorized planetary catastrophic agents instead of comets).
		Velikovsky's senario as been disproven by so much evidence that the willingness of his supporters to "believe" is awe inspiring.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1561840750?v=glance (1802 words)

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	Immanuel Velikovsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ever since 1950 when he published his first best seller called Worlds in Collision Immanuel Velikovsky has created a furor in the astronomical community.
		A second approach in the time of Joshua (1400 BC according to Velikovsky's unique chronology) caused a tilting of the earth's axis, hurricanes and earthquakes.
		Velikovsky admittedly used "a synchronical scale of Egyptian and Hebrew histories which is not orthodox" in order to establish correspondences between events in the Bible and contemporary historical accounts.
	www.mystae.com /restricted/streams/thera/velikov.html (423 words)

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