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Topic: Immediate early genes

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	Sleep, Dream, Hypnosis, and Healing
		IEGs transduce signals from the external environment to regulate the transcription of other “target genes” that code for the formation of proteins that carry out the homeostatic and adaptive functions of the cell.
		immediate early genes are used as markers or indicators of changes in neuronal activity in psychopathological conditions such as schizophrenia.
		Research in the areas of behavioral state related gene expression, psychoimmunology, and state dependent memory, learning and behavior is integrated with the chronobiology of ultradian rhythms as a new window into the psychobiology of trauma and stress as well as brain growth and healing.
	www.ernestrossi.com /Yucel.htm (8186 words)

	Virus Vectors & Gene Therapy
		The early genes encode genes for nucleotide metabolism and DNA replication.
		Late genes are activated by the early genes and code for structural proteins.
		Gene expression during latency is driven by the latency associated transcripts (LATs) located in the IRL region of the genome.
	www.tulane.edu /~dmsander/WWW/335/peel/peel5.html (945 words)

	Gene Regulatory Networks
		Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are the on-off switches and rheostats of a cell operating at the gene level.
		This was shown by microarray gene chip analyses in yeast cells, and each gene was found to possess a similar cis-regulatory DNA sequence that mediates binding of a particular transcription factor.
		Some genes are regulated by a single input mechanism, but, especially in higher organisms, a gene often responds to information from multiple signals via the activity of diverse transcription factors.
	genomicsgtl.energy.gov /science/generegulatorynetwork.shtml (1067 words)

	Water immersion-restraint stress induces expression of immediate-early genes in gastrointestinal tract of rats -- ...
		Expression of immediate early genes in rat gastric myenteric neurons: a physiological response to feeding.
		In vivo immediate early gene expression induced in intestinal and colonic mucosa by feeding.
		Stress-induced expression of immediate early genes in the brain and peripheral organs of the rat.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/2/G287 (4314 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Expression profiling of serum inducible genes identifies a subset of SRF target genes that ...
		In the case of the ubiquitously expressed immediate early genes, the two sets of SRF binding proteins that regulate its activity are the TCF family of proteins that include Elk1, SAP1 and SAP2 and the myocardin-related MKL family of proteins that include MKL1 and MKL2 (also known as MAL, MRTF-A and -B and BSAC).
		Although the immediate early genes are so named because of their rapid inducibility after growth factor treatment, different kinetics of expression have been observed among the immediate early genes.
		This still leaves the possibility that induction of many of the immediate early genes is independent of SRF such as we have found for the c-jun gene [46].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2199/5/13 (7625 words)

	HCMV-What is it?
		Viral gene expression then occurs in a temporally regulated manner, first with expression of the immediate early genes, followed by the early genes, then, after viral replication has commenced, the late genes.
		The immediate early genes are required for both early and late gene expression.
		Early genes generally encode for the factors that the virus requires for replication.
	www-biology.ucsd.edu /labs/spector/hcmvwhatisit.html (819 words)

	Medical Immunology \| Abstract \| DNA array analysis of interleukin-2-regulated immediate/early genes
		To determine the most stringent parameters to score a gene as a bona fide IL-2 target, the expression of 19 known IL-2-regulated genes was examined first.
		Of the 72 genes identified in PBMCs, 20 were detected as immediate/early IL-2-regulated genes in purified T cells.
		For a successful reductionist approach to the analysis of gene expression in lymphocyte activation, it is necessary to examine purified cell populations and immediate/early gene expression regulated by each ligand/receptor pair involved.
	www.medimmunol.com /content/1/1/2/abstract (278 words)

	Welcome to the Stewart Laboratory
		Because of the very small size of gp50 (23 amino acids), the overlap between genes 50 and 51, and the synergistic effect of mutations in genes 50 and 51, we suppose that gp50 acts jointly with gp51 (6,4).
		When all three proteins are present together the effect on immediate-early genes is increased, the effect on delayed-early and middle genes is decreased, and the effect on some delayed-early genes is reversed.
		Thus, our present belief is that the binding of gp44/50/51 to RNAP is primarily for the purpose of regulating phage gene expression, and that the shutoff of host RNA synthesis, that occurs when gp44 or gp50/51 is expressed in uninfected cells, is an incidental consequence of their binding to RNAP.
	www.bioc.rice.edu /~crs/b.html (523 words)

	lytic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		termination/antitermination between immediate early and delayed early allows both sets to be coordinately expressed from the same 2 promoters
		are each under the control of an operator region, both of which bind the lambda repressor, encoded by the cI gene between them.
		this puts a clamp on immediate early synthesis and the lytic cycle grinds to a halt
	acad.udallas.edu /biology/Nika/molbio/lambda.html (834 words)

	The Genius in Your Genes
		IEGs turn on other genes that affect specific aspects of our immune system, such as the production of white blood cells that destroy attacking bacteria and viruses.
		The Genie in Your Genes shows that there is a sound theoretical framework, based on credible experiments, for understanding these astonishing results, and predicts that these techniques will dramatically advance the fields of medicine and psychology in the coming decade.
		It is the first book to describe in detail the link between gene expression, electromagnetic energy transfer and signaling, quantum mechanics, string theory, and human consciousness.
	www.genieinyourgenes.com (470 words)

	Immediate Early Gene Expression in Response to Cerebral Ischemia: Friend or Foe? -- Akins et al. 27 (9): 1682 -- Stroke
		Immediate Early Gene Expression in Response to Cerebral Ischemia
		Alterations in gene expression as an index of neuronal injury: heat shock and the immediate early gene response.
		Focal ischemia causes an extensive induction of immediate early genes that are sensitive to MK-801.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/9/1682 (4160 words)

	PDGF signaling specificity is mediated through multiple immediate early genes - Nature Genetics
		Growth factor signaling leads to the induction or repression of immediate early genes, but how these genes act collectively as effectors of downstream processes remains unresolved.
		We have used gene trap–coupled microarray analysis to identify and mutate multiple platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) intermediate early genes in mice.
		Mutations in these genes lead to a high frequency of phenotypes that affect the same cell types and processes as those controlled by the PDGF pathway.
	www.nature.com /ng/journal/v39/n1/abs/ng1922.html (214 words)

	Univ. Maryland, Dept. Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medicine, Gloria E. Hoffman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		After learning that immediate early genes could be expressed in LHRH neurons after stimulation, Dr. Hoffman's laboratory then determined that the immediate early genes, c-fos, and c-jun are expressed in LHRH neurons during an LH surge.
		The appearance of immediate early gene proteins accurately reflects LHRH stimulated activity.
		Recently attention has shifted from where immediate early gene proteins are expressed to what changes in gene expression within LHRH neurons (and their afferents) are triggered by or accompany immediate early gene expression, with a focus on the dramatic changes in galanin expression in LHRH neurons that accompanies the LH surge.
	neurobiology.umaryland.edu /ghoffman.htm (720 words)

	Activation of the Wnt Pathway Interferes with Serum Response Element-driven Transcription of Immediate Early Genes -- ...
		early genes was observed in human colon tumors as was a marked
		RNA transcript levels for the indicated genes were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and expressed as fold change in the tumors relative to patient matched normal colon tissue.
		Immediate early genes, particularly members of the AP-1 family, are involved in a number of cellular processes such as proliferation,
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/8/6118 (4592 words)

	Molecular Effects of ELF Fields with Harmonic Content - Research Information on the EMFRAPID Program (1994 -1998)
		The specific aim of the proposal is to identify differentially expressed known and novel immediate early genes in human HL60 or MCF7 cells following 2 mT, 3 or 24 h exposure at post-exposure times of 0 and 3 h.
		Confirmation of differentially expressed genes is be obtained not only by change in its expression level, but by reconfirmation of the length of the band and, most importantly, by Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from control and test cells, and probed with
		The identification and isolation of genes whose expression is markedly altered in cells of one type versus another has provided clues to understanding many biological processes, including neoplastic transformation.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /emfrapid/extrmurabs/balcer2.html (1850 words)

	Molecular Neurobiology for Practicing Physicians, Part 5: How a Leucine Zipper Can Turn On Genes: Immediate-Early Genes ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		These early genes then combine to draft an army of genes to mobilize numerous important gene products that alter the function of a neuron targeted by a neurotransmitter.
		These genes function as rapid responders to the neurotransmitter's input, like the first troops sent into combat once war has been declared.
		Which individual soldier genes are so drafted to active gene duty depends on a number of factors: which neurotransmitter is sending the message, how frequently it is sending the message, and whether it is working in concert with or opposition to other neurotransmitters talking to other parts of the same neuron at the same time.
	www.psychiatrist.com /pcc/brainstorm/br6101.htm (302 words)

	Genomic transcriptional profiling of the developmental cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis -- Belland et al. 100 (14): 8478 ...
		This phase of the developmental cycle is characterized by expression of immediate-early and early genes and involves cellular processes associated with vacuole modification and the initiation of bacterial metabolism (as indicated in the boxed region).
		The majority of genes are expressed during this highly active stage of the cycle.
		This phase of the cycle is associated with expression of late genes and their corresponding products that give rise to the highly disulfide cross-linked OM complex (remodeling disulfide isomerases and proteases) and chromosome condensation (the histone-like proteins) as indicated in the boxed region.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/14/8478 (5053 words)

	Overexpression of Immediate Early Genes in Active Graves' Ophthalmopathy -- Lantz et al. 90 (8): 4784 -- Journal of ...
		Expression of the adipocyte-specific gene SCD in adipose tissue normalized to cyclophillin as measured by real-time RT-PCR.
		Expression of selected adipocyte-related immediate early genes in endocrine ophthalmopathy orbital and normal orbital tissue normalized to cyclophillin A as measured by real-time RT-PCR.
		Expression of CYR61-responsive genes in endocrine ophthalmopathy orbital and normal orbital tissue normalized to cyclophillin A as measured by real-time RT-PCR.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/90/8/4784 (4353 words)

	Roles of Genes 44, 50, and 51 in Regulating Gene Expression and Host Takeover during Infection of Bacillus subtilis by ...
		Roles of Genes 44, 50, and 51 in Regulating Gene Expression and Host Takeover during Infection of Bacillus subtilis by Bacteriophage SPO1 -- Sampath and Stewart 186 (6): 1785 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		Roles of Genes 44, 50, and 51 in Regulating Gene Expression and Host Takeover during Infection of Bacillus subtilis by Bacteriophage SPO1
		as delayed-early genes; and gene 52 as a middle gene.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/186/6/1785 (311 words)

	Hepatic Regeneration—Revisiting the Myth of Prometheus -- Ankoma-Sey 14 (4): 149 -- Physiology
		gene expression during hepatic regeneration is the subject of
		of gene expression of immediate-early genes is critical to the
		Induction patterns of 70 genes during nine days after partial hepatectomy define the temporal course of liver regeneration.
	physiologyonline.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/14/4/149 (2624 words)

	UL82 virion protein activates expression of immediate early viral genes in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells -- ...
		The human cytomegalovirus UL82 gene encodes a protein (pp71) that is localized in the tegument domain of the virus particle.
		HCMV gene arrays on membranes have been described (19).
		IE genes in the presence of cycloheximide (Fig.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/26/14506 (4768 words)

	Protein Kinase Inhibitor H7 Blocks the Induction of Immediate-Early Genes zif268 and c-fos by a Mechanism Unrelated to ...
		H7 inhibits the induction of zif268 and c-fos gene expression in a dose-dependent manner.
		Another possibility is that H7 interferes with gene expression by blocking the processing of mRNA.
		(62) and the induction of immediate-early genes by interleukin-6
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/15/10430 (6736 words)

	NIDA - Research Monographs - Monograph 125: Activation of Immediate Early Genes By Drugs of Abuse
		Immediate Early Genes: Their Involvement in Physiological and Pathological Responses in the Nervous System-----39
		The Ontogeny of Immediate Early Gene Response to Cocaine: A Molecular Analysis of the Effects of Cocaine on Developing Rat Brain-----161
		The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
	www.drugabuse.gov /pdf/monographs/download125.html (333 words)

	Maternal Deprivation and Stress Induce Immediate Early Genes in the Infant Rat Brain -- Smith et al. 138 (11): 4622 -- ...
		Maternal Deprivation and Stress Induce Immediate Early Genes in the Infant Rat Brain -- Smith et al.
		Grino M, Young WS, Burgunder JM 1989 Ontogeny of expression of the corticotropin-releasing factor gene in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and of the proopiomelanocortin gene in rat pituitary.
		Milbrandt J 1988 Nerve growth factor induces a gene homologous to the glucocorticoid receptor gene.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/138/11/4622 (4057 words)

	Sensory Regulation of Immediate-early Genes c-fos and zif268 in Monkey Visual Cortex at Birth and Throughout the ...
		Hughes P, Dragunow M (1995) Induction of immediate-early genes and the control of neurotransmitter-regulated gene expression within the nervous system.
		Kaczmarek L, Chaudhuri A (1997) Sensory regulation of immediate-early gene expression in mammalian visual cortex: implications for functional mapping and neural plasticity.
		Kaplan IV, Guo YH, Mower GD (1996) Immediate early gene expression in cat visual cortex during and after the critical period — differences between egr-1 and fos proteins.
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/9/2/179 (5519 words)

	Transcript Profiling of Immediate Early Genes Reveals a Unique Role for Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Mediating ...
		to be GnRH-responsive immediate early genes in LßT2 cells (29) and in vivo (Fig.
		Zhang T, Wolfe MW, Roberson MS 2001 An early growth response protein (Egr) 1 cis-element is required for gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 2 gene expression.
		White BR, Duval DL, Mulvaney JM, Roberson MS, Clay CM 1999 Homologous regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene is partially mediated by protein kinase C activation of an activator protein-1 element.
	mend.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/10/2624 (7690 words)

	Dynamic shifts in corticostriatal expression patterns of the immediate early genes Homer 1a and Zif268 during early and ...
		Dynamic shifts in corticostriatal expression patterns of the immediate early genes Homer 1a and Zif268 during early and late phases of instrumental training -- Hernandez et al.
		Dynamic shifts in corticostriatal expression patterns of the immediate early genes Homer 1a and Zif268 during early and late phases of instrumental training
		early learners, suggesting that plasticity in the VLS is required
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/abstract/13/5/599 (280 words)

	Expression of Immediate Early Genes After Cardioplegic Arrest and Reperfusion -- Aebert et al. 63 (6): 1669 -- The ...
		Expression of Immediate Early Genes After Cardioplegic Arrest and Reperfusion -- Aebert et al.
		are potent triggers for immediate early gene induction.
		Gene Expression Changes in Leukocytes During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Are Dependent on Circuit Coating
	ats.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/63/6/1669 (535 words)

	Lecture # 9 - Phage Lambda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The decision between lytic and lysogenic growth is decided by the pattern of gene expression
		Regulator coded by early gene, required for middle gene expression (sigma factor or antiterminator)
		The genes of a phage tend to be clustered according to the function of the protein.
	nsm1.utdallas.edu /bio/Gonzalez/Lecture/Genetics/Lecture09.htm (467 words)

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