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Topic: Immigration Restriction Act

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Immigration Act of 1924

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	White Australia policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fears about Asian immigration were based on the fact that in 1901 the Australian continent had a population of 3.7 million, and was a short distance from countries where hundreds of millions of people lived in conditions of great poverty.
		After a review of the non-European policy in March 1966, Immigration Minister Hubert Opperman announced applications for migration would be accepted from well-qualified people on the basis of their suitability as settlers, their ability to integrate readily and their possession of qualifications positively useful to Australia.
		It was not until the Fraser government's review of immigration law in 1978 that all selection of prospective migrants based on country of origin was entirely removed from official policy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/White_Australia_policy (1595 words)

	The (First) Thirty Years War For Immigration Reform - James Fulford
		Roger Smith of Yale referred to the seminal Immigration Restriction League as a "handful of Boston bluebloods" - which is not meant to be complimentary.
		It's also said that the 1920's immigration restriction was responsible for a part of the death toll in the Holocaust.
		The Immigration Restriction League was formed in Boston in 1894 by Robert DeCourcey Ward.
	www.vdare.com /fulford/1894_1924.htm (2432 words)

	The United States and Immigration
		Immigration restrictions eventually denied the right of any Chinese person to enter America, even if the emigrant was coming from a US possession like Hawaii or the Philippines.
		The first ever national immigration restriction act was passed in 1875, "heralding the end of America's 'open-door' policy." Following that initial law, legislation began specifically targeting foreigners with a criminal record, a serious disease, or radical political views.
		The national Immigration Restriction League formed in 1894, and administration of a literacy test to immigrants was proposed shortly thereafter.
	www.mindspring.com /~louve/usimmigration.html (1504 words)

	The Public Eye : Website of Political Research Associates
		There was also forced immigration in the form of the slave trade and the annexation of one half of Mexico by the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, at the end of the Mexican-American War.
		Immigration was causing the larger cities to double and triple in size, but often urban poverty grew apace.
		Although they consider immigration to add "important variety to our population," they worry that to maintain "reasonable" immigration rates will mean that others will have to pay too high a price in terms of restricting their family size.
	www.publiceye.org /magazine/v09n2/immigran.html (6502 words)

	Teaching Heritage - Teaching this Unit
		The Immigration Restriction Act extended itself further than the NSW Acts, to Hong Kong and beyond' by fining shipping companies £100 for every illegal immigrant carried to an Australia port.
		The Immigration Restriction Act did recognise the Australian, or rather 'British' citizenship of those naturalised in NSW, but not the rights of their children despite both British citizenship law and the Australian Constitution recognising the rights of naturalised British subjects and their children and of those born in Australia.
		The role played by restrictive Immigration Laws and an atmosphere of threat in creating and maintaining the basis of such images are rarely acknowledged.
	www.teachingheritage.nsw.edu.au /a_forming/wa1_irachinese.html (1112 words)

	Australian DemocratsAustralian Democrat Speeches
		The Immigration Restriction Act 1901 is pointed to as one of the more shameful acts in our parliament's history and, given that it was one of the earliest acts passed, an indictment of the parliament that passed it.
		The act was titled `An act to place certain restrictions on immigration and to provide for the removal from the Commonwealth of prohibited immigrants'.
		Those restrictions were introduced for the same justification—`We need to restrict the avenues and grounds for appeal, to stop people from using the courts, to stop them delaying their departure, to stop the cost to the taxpayer.
	www.democrats.org.au /speeches?speech_id=823&display=1 (2510 words)

	The Rise and Fall of the White Australia Policy
		The Sugar Cultivation Act 1913 stated that non-white labour would be illegal unless the worker had passed the dictation test.
		This population were restricted in their movements so that they would not mix with indigenous people for fear they would strengthen the genetic stock of the indigenous population.
		Immigration policy was more about allowing controlled numbers of skilled workers than about huge numbers entering.
	www.angelfire.com /in/roachworld/Aus1.html (1053 words)

	YEAR_
		Amendment to the 1903 Immigration Act (Natal) : Further restrictions on the movements of Indians.
		The Liquor Act: Prohibition (Statutory) of Natives and Indians to be employed in the Liquor Trade.
		Under the pretext of Sanitation, the Act is enforced to demolish and expropriate with the ultimate aim of segregation.
	scnc.ukzn.ac.za /doc/HIST/LAWS.htm (1214 words)

	New Page 0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In essence, the Immigrant Restriction Act was enacted in an attempt to limit southern European immigrants, namely Italians, and Asian immigrants.
		The quota system set numerical restrictions based on "'national origin' [as the] 'number which bears the same ratio to 150,000 as the number of inhabitants in the U.S. in 1920 having that national origin bears to the number of white inhabitants of the U.S. in 1920, with a minimum quota of 100 for each nationality'"(
		Due to this act, German emigration from the Weimar Republic was restricted to only 25,957 people per year; however, throughout the decade of the 1930s, only 119,107 legal immigrants entered America.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/mms54/immigration5.htm (426 words)

	~ GOLD ~
		The Act also stipulated that the tax revenue be used to supervise and protect the Chinese.
		Opposition to the Act came from pastoralists who appreciated Chinese labour and from W. Forster who argued that the Chinese were industrial and civilised people who could assist European migrants in developing the colony.
		The first Acts passed by the new Federal parliament in 1901 were the Pacific Islanders Labourers Act, and the Immigration Restriction Act.
	www.sbs.com.au /gold/story.html?storyid=58 (819 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: American History (1994): Chapter Eight: A Nation of Nations (6/6)
		Immigration lagged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as wars disrupted trans-Atlantic travel and European governments restricted immigration to retain young men of military age.
		By the early 1920s, however, an alliance was forged between wage-conscious organized labor and those who called for restricted immigration on racial or religious grounds, such as the Ku Klux Klan and the Immigration Restriction League.
		The Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 permanently curtailed the influx of newcomers with quotas calculated on nation of origin.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/H/1994/ch8_p6.htm (793 words)

	PEO resources: role-play about the Immigration Restriction Act 1901
		This Act was the first major law introduced by the new federal parliament and was introduced on 5 June 1901.
		Its purpose was to restrict the immigration into Australia of certain people especially Chinese and Indians and to force them to leave Australia if they were already here.
		Contrary to Mr Barton, I argue for the YES vote on this bill to restrict Asian immigration not because Asians are unequal and inferior but because of their high abilities.
	www.peo.gov.au /resources/immigration_bill.htm (672 words)

	Untitled Document
		Despite their professions of disinterest, however, the commitment of many of the spokesmen for eugenic immigration policy was not to scientific truth but to the justification of their violent prejudices against the newcomers.
		Immigration influenced eugenic policies because of issues arising from “Nordic purity”, and the influx of thousands of people flooding the United States from other countries.
		In April, 1920, he had been appointed the “expert eugenics agent” of the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalisation, and during the debates over immigration restriction, he appeared before the Committee on several occasions, always presenting the view that the biological inferior new immigrants was threatening to wipe out the native American stock.
	www.marcusgarveylibrary.org.uk /impactofemigration.htm (895 words)

	Chinese in South Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Correspondence relating to Chinese immigration into the Australasian colonies: with a return of acts passed by the legislatures of those colonies and of Canada and British Columbia on the subject.
		Price, Charles A. The great white walls are built: restrictive immigration to North America and Australasia, 1836-1888 Canberra: Australian Institute of International Affairs in association with Australian National University Press, 1974.
		Acts of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia no. 17 1901.
	www.slsa.sa.gov.au /site/text_only.cfm?nav_id=1219 (1398 words)

	A political whitewash - by David Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Ironically, the act was introduced after about 80 Afghans landed in Melbourne in 1901, amid fears that, as one MP put it at the time, the country was being "overrun with aliens".
		And when prime minister Billy Hughes went to the peace conference at Versailles in 1919, he ensured that the country's discriminatory immigration policy was protected from interference by the League of Nations, and that the Japanese attempt to enshrine the doctrine of racial equality was thwarted.
		It was not until the arrival of Vietnamese refugees from 1976 onwards that Australia's immigration policy was colour-blind in practice as well as in principle, with the proportion of Asian immigrants increasing to more than a third of arrivals.
	www.country-liberal-party.com /pages/David-Day.htm (2125 words)

	ISAR - The Roots of the I.Q. Debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The involvement of the organized American eugenics movement with the advocacy of immigration restriction was deep and long-standing.
		The first organized anti-immigrant group, the Immigration Restriction League, was founded in 1894 in Boston by a small group of Harvard-educated lawyers and academics; Prescott Hall and Robert DeCourcey Ward were the driving forces behind the League.
		The Immigration Restriction League was based on a belief in the superiority of the white races.
	www.ferris.edu /isar/arcade/eugenics.htm (4316 words)

	Immigration And Nation Building - Events
		This Act may be cited as the Immigration Restriction Act 1901.
		Where no higher penalty is expressly imposed, a person guilty of any offence against this Act, or against any regulation made thereunder, shall be liable on summary conviction to a penalty not exceeding Fifty pounds, and in default of payment to imprisonment with or without hard labour for any period not exceeding three months.
		This Act shall not apply to the immigration of Pacific Island labourers under the provisions of the Pacific Island Labourers Acts, 1880-1892, of the State of Queensland.
	www.abc.net.au /federation/fedstory/ep2/ep2_immigration.htm (1116 words)

	Chinese in New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The first use of this model of immigration restriction against the Chinese was in the Australian state of Victoria.
		The 1908 consolidation of all previous immigration legislation retained the one hundred pound poll-tax, as did the 1920 Immigration restriction amendment act, which in other respects constituted a major rethink of immigration policy in New Zealand.
		All the legislation concerning immigration, and the restriction of Chinese immigration, was consolidated in the Immigration restriction act 1908.
	www.stevenyoung.co.nz /chinesevoice/polltax/nigelpolltax.htm (2324 words)

	ISAR - Rewriting Mental Testing History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A third problem, related to the second, is the authors' failure to explore the social and political context within which IQ testing and immigration restriction became a national concern between 1921 to 1924.
		Their discussion of the Goddard paper failed to mention, however, that in a long discussion section Goddard explicitly related his findings to the issue of immigration restriction and concluded, despite Snyderman and Herrnstein's disclaimers, that "the intelligence of the average 'third class' immigrant is low, perhaps of moron grade".
		For example, Celler criticized the Immigration Committee for widely publicizing Laughlin's 1922 testimony, complaining that "verbatim parts and extracts from this vicious report are found in periodicals and magazines and newspaper articles all over the country, and so the errors and falsehoods of this report are permitted to spread".
	www.ferris.edu /isar/archives/mental.htm (5001 words)

	Immigration And nation Building - Institutions
		It was the first major piece of legislation passed by the new Federal Parliament, and allowed the new country to exercise the policy of White Australia.
		Immigration Restriction Act, Assented to December 23, 1901
		Although the Immigration Restriction Act is widely referred to as the White Australia Policy, it also served to keep out all sorts of other people seen as undesirable.
	www.abc.net.au /federation/fedstory/ep2/ep2_institutions.htm (1345 words)

	Social Origins of Eugenics
		The Boston-based Immigration Restriction League joined this chorus of alarm with calls to require a "literacy test" as a condition of entry into the United States.
		In 1911, Immigration Restriction League President Prescott Hall asked his former Harvard classmate Charles Davenport of the Eugenics Record Office (ERO) for assistance to influence Congressional debate on immigration.
		The resulting law, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1924, was designed consciously to halt the immigration of supposedly "dysgenic" Italians and eastern European Jews, whose numbers had mushroomed during the period from 1900 to 1920.
	www.dnalc.org /html/eugenics/essay9text.html (814 words)

	A History of Islam in Australia
		The Immigration Restriction Act was passed in 1901 as soon as the new Commonwealth Parliament was established.
		So strict was the implementation of the Immigration Restriction Act that Afghan cameleers were not permitted, even during the severe drought of 1901-1902, to cross the border between South Australia and NSW without going through procedures similar to those required of racially unwelcome visitors to Australia.
		That he had arrived before the Immigration Restriction Act came into force in 1902 and that he had been here five years and was of good character, apparently allowed right of re-entry.
	www.islamfortoday.com /australia03.htm (17503 words)

	Immigration Restriction Act
		Crises developed during the administrations of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, and developed to the point that war against Japan was loosely discussed as a recourse.
		Immigration reform, sometimes known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, was prompted by the news that in the preceding 12 months more than 800,000 foreigners had entered the United States.
		Immigration from a specific nation was limited to three percent of that nation’s population living in the United States, as reported in the 1910 Federal Census.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1368.html (366 words)

	Have We Learned the Lessons of History? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He cites a little known law enacted in 1798, the Enemy Alien Act, which authorizes the President, during a declared war, to detain, expel, or otherwise restrict the freedom of any citizen 14 years or older of the country with which the United States is at war.
		Japanese immigration was restricted in 1907 and, by 1924, the Japanese were barred entry to the United States as "aliens ineligible for citizenship." Immigration Restriction Act of 1944, 43 Stat.
		These restrictive immigration laws laid the groundwork for discriminatory state legislation that prevented foreign born Japanese from owning land, possessing firearms, procuring fishing licenses, and holding government jobs.
	www.ailf.org /ipc/ipf1002.asp (6024 words)

	Free-Essays.us - Australian - Immigration Law
		Australia’s immigration law is ethnocentric in nature because it excludes anyone who is not of Anglo-Saxon descent.
		In December 1901, the “Immigration Restriction Act” was formed and stayed until 1959 (Jayaraman 2000:139).
		It was also known as the “restrictive immigration policy under the commonwealth immigration restriction act of 1901” (Jupp 1995:207).
	www.free-essays.us /dbase/d5/mrh40.shtml (1085 words)

	Immigration and citizenship exhibition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Immigration policy was also strongly influenced by racial ideology.
		The Immigration Restriction Act 1920 made it necessary for immigrants to apply for a permanent residence permit before they arrived in New Zealand.
		Restrictions on his ability to hold office in public organisations in New Zealand led him to apply for naturalisation in 1944, before the new Act was passed.
	nzhistory.net.nz /dnzb_exhibs/citizen (1419 words)

	"Shut the Door": A Senator Speaks for Immigration Restriction
		At the turn of the 20th century, unprecedented levels of immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe to the United States aroused public support for restrictive immigration laws.
		Congress passed the Quota Act of 1921, limiting entrants from each nation to 3 percent of that nationality’s presence in the U.S. population as recorded by the 1910 census.
		During congressional debate over the 1924 Act, Senator Ellison DuRant Smith of South Carolina drew on the racist theories of Madison Grant to argue that immigration restriction was the only way to preserve existing American resources.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/5080 (1203 words)

	287
		Hosken suggesting to me that I should approach His Excellency privately in connection with the serious situation that has arisen regarding the Asiatic Law Amendment Act, and to place before His Excellency what I consider would be acceptable to the Asiatic communities and would, at the same time, meet the main object of the Government.
		These may, at the time of amending the Immigration Act, be recognised as certificates of domicile.
		If required, I shall be prepared to submit in legal phraseology amendments to the Immigration Restriction Act that would, in my humble opinion, completely fulfil the object of the Asiatic Act so far as identification is concerned, without in any way wounding the susceptibilities of British Indians.
	www.mkgandhi.org /cwm/vol7/ch287.htm (558 words)

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