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Topic: Immunity (legal)

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	Immunity (legal) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are various types of immunity, such as judicial immunity, prosecutorial immunity, parliamentary immunity, immunity from prosecution, diplomatic immunity and sovereign immunity.
		Judicial immunity, which finds its origin in sovereign immunity, is the absolute immunity of a judge or magistrate from any kind of civil liability for an act performed in the judge's official capacity, i.e.
		Such immunity is seen to be a means to the free discussion of ideas, when it is abused there may be ways to surmount such immunity, see for example the biography of Jürgen Möllemann.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Immunity_(legal) (336 words)

	Immunity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a medical sense, immunity is a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion.
		In a legal sense, immunity confers a status on a person or body that makes that person or body free from otherwise legal obligations such as, for example, liability for damages or punishment for criminal acts.
		Transactional immunity refers to the inability of the prosecutor to prosecute a witness in exchange for the witness's testimony, an action referred to as "turning state's evidence." Under use immunity, the government may not use a witness's grand jury testimony to prosecute that person.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Immunity (194 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Immunity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Immunity means an exemption from a legal obligation (munus), imposed on a person or his property by law, custom, or the order of a superior (lex 214, sqq.
		Personal immunity is that which withdraws clerics from secular jurisdiction, on account of their perpetual dedication to the service of God.
		Immunities were maintained longer in Italy, and especially in the Papal States, owing to the care of the popes and especially of the Congregation of Immunity.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07690a.htm (2397 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Immunity in the context of this discussion is protection from being personally named as a defendant (personally sued) in a state civil lawsuit.
		A State employee is usually eligible for immunity unless the employee's actions which brought the lawsuit were manifestly outside the scope of his/her employment or official responsibilities, or unless the employee acted with malicious purpose, in bad faith or in a wanton and reckless manner.
		Like the immunity provision, indemnification may be granted to a BGSU employee unless the employee's action was manifestly outside the scope of employment, malicious, in bad faith or wanton and reckless.
	www.bgsu.edu /offices/riskmgmt/immunity.html (739 words)

	Duhaime's Canadian Law Dictionary : I
		For example, diplomats enjoy "diplomatic immunity" which means that they cannot be prosecuted for crimes committed during their tenure as diplomat.
		Another example of an immunity is where a witness agrees to testify only if the testimony cannot be used at some later date during a hearing against the witness.
		Legal drafters would use it to precede a list of examples or samples covered by a more general descriptive statement.
	www.duhaime.org /dictionary/dict-i.aspx (897 words)

	Legal Definition of 'Immunity'
		IMMUNITY - Exemption from a legal duty, penalty or prosecution.
		Under the principles of international law and various conventions immunity against prosecution for most crimes and offenses, as well as immunity from most civil suits, is extended to diplomats of foreign nations.
		There are numerous other forms of immunity from being held responsible for a persons actions that are extended to various classes, mostly governmental employees or administrators.
	www.lectlaw.com /def/i009.htm (178 words)

	Legal Definition of Sovereign Immunity
		Federal sovereign immunity is readily distinguishable from the states' immunity under the Eleventh Amendment and foreign governments' immunity under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act.
		Federal sovereign immunity is a defense to liability rather than a right to be free from trial.
		The Supreme Court has ruled that in a case involving the government's sovereign immunity the statute in question must be strictly construed in favor of the sovereign and may not be enlarged beyond the waiver its language expressly requires.
	www.lectlaw.com /def2/s103.htm (330 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Legal experts boost Chirac immunity
		French President Jacques Chirac is to remain immune from prosecution for his alleged role in party-funding scandals for as long as he is in office, a judicial commission has recommended.
		The report is the result of an election pledge made by Mr Chirac to clarify the president's legal status after his first term was marred by successive investigations into corruption allegations at Paris town hall.
		However, the report said: "Because the immunity is intended to protect the office and not its holder, it must be absolute as long as the mandate lasts, but it must also end with the mandate, when the [president] becomes an equal before the law."
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/2569887.stm (445 words)

	Embattled MP claims immunity from legal prosecution for statements
		The Persian-language daily `Hambastegi' quoted Haqiqatjou's comments given during an interview with the student news agency ISNA on the possibility of her being ordered to appear before the Revolutionary Court as was reported by a morning newspaper.
		As for the remarks of the head of the Revolutionary Court during an interview published in a newspaper on Monday, she said that although she had no means to verify the authenticity of the remarks she considered them as having been made to follow up on the issue involved.
		As for the summoning of a number of Majlis deputies to the court, Haqiqatjou was quoted as saying that deputies are entitled to parliamentary immunity in order to be able to discharge their duties properly.
	www.payvand.com /news/01/feb/1151.html (1373 words)

	Pope seeks immunity in Texas abuse case
		The Vatican's embassy in Washington sent a diplomatic memo to the State Department on May 20 requesting the U.S. government grant the pope immunity because he is a head of state, according to a May 26 motion submitted by the pope's lawyers in U.S. District Court for the Southern Division of Texas in Houston.
		In Washington, State Department spokeswoman Gerry Keener, said Tuesday that the pope is considered a head of state and automatically has diplomatic immunity.
		Lawyers for abuse victims say the case is significant because previous attempts to implicate the Vatican, the pope or other church officials in U.S. sex abuse proceedings have failed -- primarily because of immunity claims and the difficulty serving Vatican officials with U.S. lawsuits.
	www.suntimes.com /output/religion/cst-nws-pope17.html (195 words)

	Bush's "Solution" to Torture Scandal -- Legal Immunity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The administration's move comes when issues of immunity are particularly sensitive, in light of the torture scandals.
		The issue of immunity for U.S. troops is among the most contentious in the Islamic world, where it has galvanized public opinion against the United States in the past.
		A similar grant of immunity to U.S. troops in Iran during the Johnson administration in the 1960s led to the rise of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who used the issue to charge that the shah had sold out the Iranian people.
	www.progress.org /2004/iraq31.htm (560 words)

	SEEN
		Legal analysis of Executive Order 13303 by Government Accountability Project (GAP).
		In order to encourage the flow of oil revenues into the Development Fund, the UN Security Council declared that Iraqi oil and gas would be immune from legal proceedings until Dec. 31, 2007.
		The intent was to immunize the oil and gas only "until title passes to the initial purchaser" and further does "not apply to any legal proceeding...
	www.seen.org /BushEO.shtml (462 words)

	Legal Aspects of Diplomatic Immunity and Privileges
		This chart outlines the immunities afforded to foreign diplomatic personnel residing in the United States.
		Reasonable constraints, however, may be applied in emergency circumstances involving self-defense, public safety, or the prevention of serious criminal acts.
		Particularly in the cases indicated, the employees of certain foreign countries may enjoy higher levels of privileges and immunities on the basis of special bilateral agreements.
	www.state.gov /m/ds/immunities/c9127.htm (201 words)

	JS Online: Staffers with immunity give state legal bills of $75,000
		The legal bills show that of the 16 who submitted such bills, the largest was from Andy Engel, a former Senate Democratic caucus staffer, for $13,560.
		The largest legal bill submitted by an Assembly staffer who has been granted immunity is from Jacob Wittwer, a former Assembly Democratic caucus worker and an aide to Rep. Shirley Krug (D-Milwaukee) when she was minority leader.
		The legal fees of other state employees are not paid until there has been a resolution in their case.
	www.jsonline.com /news/State/apr02/36580.asp (752 words)

	Legal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But now the legal tables appear to be turning, as states, courts, and the federal government are taking steps toward providing varying levels of statutory immunity for employers who supply references regarding previous employees.
		Absolute immunity provides that employers are entitled to immunity even if the reference information about a previous or current employee is provided with malicious intent.
		Also, an employer who responds in writing to a written request concerning a current or previous employee is entitled to absolute immunity for disclosure of written employee evaluations, whether the employee was voluntarily or involuntarily released, and the reason for the separation.
	www.securitymanagement.com /library/000240.html (3882 words)

	Sovereign immunity and copyright registration: Legal Language Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the Court decides in favor of the states, the result could well be that any state instrumentality, such as a state university, hospital or tourism bureau, could infringe copyrighted works with impunity.
		Congress could require states to waive their Eleventh Amendment immunity, held the court, pursuant to a legitimate exercise of Article I power, as under the Copyright Act.
		The contents are intended for general information purposes only, and you are urged to consult with a lawyer concerning your own situation and any specific legal questions you may have.
	www.legallanguage.com /lawarticles/Clarida009.html (800 words)

	Legal Immunity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"Immunity Watch" -- "Exposing the evils of the practice of immunity" is the main goal of http://www.justicelives.com/ The BEST place to start on this site is link which covers the history of immunity.
		I strongly believe that 3/4 of the university courses require to train attorneys should be courses in Ethics.
		I have not checked but I bet that if there are courses in legal ethics that attorneys are not even required.
	herff.com /Legal_Stuff/Immunity.html (156 words)

	Employers seeking even more immunity from legal liability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This is a reasonable trade-off -- in theory: legal immunity and predictable compensation costs for employers; assured compensation without legal bills for injured workers.
		They are attempting to convince the legislature that they shouldn’t be liable for false or inaccurate information about a current or former employee provided to another prospective employer in a job reference.
		It seems employers are bent on winning absolute immunity from legal liability involving workers.
	www.mtn.org /mnaflcio/employers.html (336 words)

	Operation Oily Immunity
		The first part of the plan, created by the UN under US pressure is the Development Fund for Iraq which is being controlled by the US and advised by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
		In May, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1483, which ended sanctions and endorsed the creation of Development Fund for Iraq, to be controlled by Paul Bremer and overseen by a board of accountants, including UN, World Bank, and IMF representatives.
		The President, with a stroke of the pen, signed away the rights of Saddam's victims, creditors and of the next true Iraqi government to be compensated through legal action.
	www.commondreams.org /views03/0723-06.htm (851 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Americas \| Pinochet faces murder case probe
		A Chilean court has stripped former military ruler Augusto Pinochet of his legal immunity over the murder of his predecessor as army chief.
		In May, judges decided that he could be investigated in connection with Operation Condor - a conspiracy by six South American regimes in the 1970s to hunt down and kill their left-wing opponents.
		In Thursday's ruling, the Court of Appeal decided by 14 votes to 9 that Gen Pinochet should lose his legal immunity in the case.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/americas/4062749.stm (358 words)

	FindLaw's Writ - Hilden: Why You Can't Sue Google
		Prior to the federal law granting the immunity, sites were often afraid to edit what was posted there at all -- for fear of being deemed "editors" or "publishers" of the information, and therefore incurring liability.
		Assuming Google will retain its immunity for the foreseeable future, it's interesting to reflect on what the implications of this may be.
		But the legal advantage of avoiding corporate-funded sites, and working through a combination of individual sites and corporate-funded search engines, will doubtless be exploited one way or another.
	writ.news.findlaw.com /hilden/20040525.html (2032 words)

	Earthrights International - News: Outrageous Bush Executive Order on Iraq Oil Must be Investigated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		President Bush has issued an Executive Order, so far completely unreported, that purports to grant broad legal immunity to oil companies operating in Iraq.
		The document is apparently intended as a sweeping grant of immunity to individuals, corporations, agencies and others involved in Iraqi oil sales, marketing, or other oil-related activities.
		U.S. companies engaged in petroleum-related work in Iraq are purportedly given broad immunity from suits for environmental damage, workplace harms, contractual disputes, and numerous other wrongs.
	www.earthrights.org /news/eo13303.shtml (564 words)

	Bush Gives Oil Corporations Immunity in Iraq-Executive Order 13303
		Bush Gives Legal Immunity to Transnational Oil Corporations in Iraq
		The first part of the plan, created by the United Nations under U.S. pressure, is the Development Fund for Iraq, which is being controlled by the United States and advised by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
		In other words, if ExxonMobil or ChevronTexaco touch Iraqi oil, it will be immune from legal proceedings in the United States.
	reclaimdemocracy.org /weekly_2003/oil_corporations_iraq_immunity.html (894 words)

	The Legal Action Project :: Immunity :: Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Gun industry Immunity Bill Was Defeated, and What Happened?
		Crime guns are a big part of the industry's market.
		Click here to read Why Gun Industry Immunity Legislation Is Dangerous to Our Nation's Health.
	www.gunlawsuits.org /immunity/articles.php (104 words)

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	lawcrawler.findlaw.com /scripts/lc.pl?sites=wlegal%E2%8C%A9=&... (188 words)

	The Legal Action Project :: Gun Industry Legal Immunity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Legal Action Project :: Gun Industry Legal Immunity
		The NRA is boasting that it is pushing a 'lawsuit shield for gun makers' in the new Congress.
		Click here to read Michael Barnes' Statement on Ricker's Declaration.
	www.gunlawsuits.org /immunity (93 words)

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