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Topic: Immunologic memory

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	Immunologic Memory Induced by a Glycoconjugate Vaccine in a Murine Adoptive Lymphocyte Transfer Model -- Guttormsen et ...
		Immunologic Memory Induced by a Glycoconjugate Vaccine in a Murine Adoptive Lymphocyte Transfer Model -- Guttormsen et al.
		Immunologic Memory Induced by a Glycoconjugate Vaccine in a Murine Adoptive Lymphocyte Transfer Model
		Immunologic memory is a hallmark of the immune system and is necessary for successful immunization (16).
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/5/2026 (4262 words)

	TSRI - News and Publications
		Immunologic memory is a fundamental attribute of the immune system.
		Memory is characterized by a high frequency of antigen-specific cells that persist for extended periods in a state of rest after an initial encounter with a foreign antigen and which mount a rapid response upon challenge with specific antigen.
		To address mechanisms by which memory T cells provide long-lasting immunity and to determine how memory CD4 cells contribute to autoimmune diabetes, we are investigating the roles of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines in the selective recruitment of subsets of CD4 memory cells.
	www.scripps.edu /news/sr/sr2000/imm34.html (590 words)

	TSRI - News and Publications
		Immunologic memory refers to the capacity of an organism to mediate rapid and effective responses to previously encountered antigens.
		Although dendritic cells are essential antigen-presenting cells for initiation of CD4 responses, we found that B cells have a critical function as antigen-presenting cells for optimal development of memory in the CD4 population and in eliciting memory effector responses.
		Memory T cells provide long-lasting immunity in part by immunologic surveillance, which is achieved by their recirculation through lymphoid and possibly nonlymphoid tissue.
	www.scripps.edu /news/sr/sr98/immgen05.htm (577 words)

	Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
		Immunologic memory is a fundamental attribute of the immune system that accounts for protection against repeat infections.
		As the expansion phase of the CD4 effector response wanes, cells with characteristics of memory cells remain, suggesting that the decline of costimulation and growth factors might be a key signal for generation of memory cells.
		One prediction of this hypothesis is that the memory population would be heterogeneous and reflects the stages of differentiation achieved by individual cells at the time of their disengagement from the response (5).
	www.skcc.org /bradley.html (2026 words)

	Channing Laboratory - Hilde-Kari Guttormsen, MD, PhD
		We are currently using this model to: 1) evaluate conjugate vaccines with different physicochemical properties for their ability to induce immunologic memory, and 2) to study the cellular interactions required for an immune response to these molecules.
		A further goal for this work is to study the initial molecular and immunologic events that led to T cell recruitment by the glycoconjugate vaccines.
		We are using mice deficient in costimulatory ligand/receptor pairs (by targeted gene disruption by homologous recombination) or mice immunologically deprived of these receptor-ligand intercellular interactions to define the role for costimulatory molecules in the immune response to glycoconjugates.
	www.channing.harvard.edu /guttorm.htm (812 words)

	Merck wins approval for combined Fosamax Once Weekly treatment for Osteoporosis
		Memory cells can be divided into major subsets called CM and EM lymphocytes: these cells are characterized by different clusters of molecules, by distinct effector functions, and by peculiar migratory capacities.
		The proportion of memory and naive T lymphocyte subsets is skewed in individuals who are chronically exposed to high concentrations of antigen.
		Memory and naive T lymphocyte subsets have not yet been analysed in ESN: individuals in whom exposure to HIV is repeated over time, but seroconversion does not occur.
	www.natap.org /2005/HIV/041105_02.htm (2488 words)

	[No title]
		Memory T and B cells are generated after initial contact with a foreign antigen.
		Lymphocytes are the unique bearers of immunologic specificity which depends on their antigen receptors.
		This end of the molecule is the fragment for the antigen binding portion and it confers immunologic specificity.
	www.utmb.edu /oto/Grand_Rounds_Earlier.dir/Immunology_1992.txt (3892 words)

	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
		At the same time, genetic changes are induced in a small subset of B and T lymphocytes that become memory cells, and are capable of responding to additional challenges from the same antigen more efficiently.
		Elimination of all memory cells would not preclude the survival and normal functioning of primary cells needed for the initial response to infections, but would significantly reduce injury resulting from SLE.
		SADRC-WNY is studying immunologic memory, and its regulation in SLE, as a major focus of its basic science studies.
	www.smbs.buffalo.edu /med/wnysadrc/systemic.htm (983 words)

	(AW) Immunology: How Long Will Memory Last?
		It remains unknown how immunologic memory - the ability of the immune system to mount an expedient response to a pathogen it has seen before - is maintained.
		For their model, the researchers defined immune memory as maintenance of an elevated pool of immune cells sensitized to a specific antigen.
		If it is indeed true that homeostasis maintains the size of the memory compartment, the model shows that antigen-specific immune cells can have a half-life of more than a year - and possibly as much as 100 years.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/aidswkly/1998/AW981213.html (711 words)

	Investigators and Program Directors
		Of interest is the observation that aging is associated with an enhanced level of memory T cells, suggesting that the qualitative T cell response differs in the elderly.
		Further, differences in the proportion of memory to naive T cells may be responsible for immune dysfunction and autoimmunity associated with the aging process.
		We have shown that memory T cells differ from naive T cells in their response to SEB, as memory T cell activation is specifically suppressed.
	www.wadsworth.org /resnres/bios/wtlee.htm (514 words)

	Chemical guidance of T cells leads to immunologic memory and long-term immunity
		After they fight the initial infection, some of these CD8+ T cells remain in the circulation as memory cells, primed to fight if the host is re-infected with the same pathogen.
		Memory cells are key to vaccine strategies being studied for infectious agents such as HIV.
		By interfering with the action of these chemokines, he and his colleagues demonstrated that CD8+ T cells lost their ability to home in on the dendritic cells interacting with the helper T cells.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-04/nioa-cgo041706.php (993 words)

	Regulatory interactions between virgin and memory CD4 T lymphocytes.
		Naive and memory CD4 T cells from mouse spleen, alone or in a 1:1 mixture, were tested for Con A-induced proliferation in limiting dilution cultures.
		Dose-response curves for naive cells were linear, but curves for memory cells were hyperbolic, suggesting that positive responses required the activation of several cells of the memory type.
		Inhibition of naive cell proliferation by memory cells could be mimicked by IL-10 and blocked by anti-IL-10 antibody.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1997/feb/M9721077.html (455 words)

	Department Of Medicine
		My laboratory is focused on studying the role of B lymphocytes in solid organ transplant rejection, alloantibody generation, and long-lived immunologic memory.
		Finally, we have developed a discrete event stochastic computer model of memory T and B cell generation, and are working on ODE models of immunity to influenza and orthopox viruses.
		We are using these models to predict the kinetics of memory recall responses to viral antigen and alloantigen exposure in transplantation and biodefense.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /medicine/nephrology/zandLab.aspx (794 words)

	JAMA -- Abstract: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Induction of Immunologic Memory by a Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		JAMA -- Abstract: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Induction of Immunologic Memory by a Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial, June 7, 2000, MacLennan et al.
		Safety, Immunogenicity, and Induction of Immunologic Memory by a Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infants
		Priming for immunologic memory in adults by meningococcal group C conjugate vaccination.
	jama.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/283/21/2795 (574 words)

	Functional differences between memory and naive CD8 T cells -- Cho et al. 96 (6): 2976 -- Proceedings of the National ...
		Although memory T cells are known to exist (10-20), the properties that distinguish them from their naive precursors are only
		Memory cells, naive cells, and a 2C CTL clone (2C88) were stained with 1B2, fixed, permeabilized, and stained intracellularly with an anti-perforin Ab (P1-8).
		Memory cells were incubated with SYRGL and irradiated B6 splenocytes as in Fig.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/6/2976 (4664 words)

	HIV+ Issue 9 - The New Frontier: The Immune System
		A phenomenon called immunologic "memory" allows the immune system to recognize and remember an invader it has previously encountered.
		This memory state can be thought of as full adulthood, which is why immunologists refer to them as mature T-cells.
		Although this sounds like a recipe for disaster, an average person is likely to have enough room in their memory T-cell pool to accommodate all the memory T-cell squads they need to stay healthy (for example, the herpes zoster squad, the Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia squad, the cytomegalovirus squad).
	www.aidsinfonyc.org /hivplus/issue9/report/immunity.html (4494 words)

	Cutting Edge Commentary: Differential TCR Signaling and the Generation of Memory T Cells -- Farber 160 (2): 535 -- The ...
		Memory effectors: a potent, IL-4-secreting helper T cell population that develops in vivo after restimulation with antigen.
		Differential sensitivity of virgin and memory T lymphocytes to calcium ionophores suggests a buoyant density separation method and a model for memory cell hyporesponsiveness to Con A. Immunol.
		Memory T cells are anergic to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Exp. Med.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/160/2/535 (4731 words)

	Antigen challenge leads to in vivo activation and elimination of highly polarized TH1 memory T cells -- Hayashi et al. ...
		TH1 memory T cells derived from T cell receptor transgenic mice, in which the T cell antigen receptor is specific for a cytochrome
		Memory cells primed in vivo are eliminated by antigen challenge.
		V was expressed on a substantial fraction of the memory cells.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/9/6187 (4102 words)

	Immunology Faculty
		Threshold refers to the cross-over point in an immunologic challenge at which the balance between anti-inflammatory and inflammatory mechanisms shifts to invoke an inflammatory process to handle the challenge.
		Increasingly, epidemiologic and clinical data support the hypothesis that perturbations in the gastrointestinal microbiota due to antibiotic use and dietary differences in “industrialized” countries have disrupted the normal microbiota-mediated mechanisms of immunological tolerance in the mucosa, leading to an increase in the incidence of allergic airway disease.
		Thus, persistent low-grade infections present an immunological paradox that challenges the notion that the function of the immune system is to clear infectious agents.
	www.med.umich.edu /immprog/faculty/huffnagleg.htm (1058 words)

	HIV Report July 99 - HAART for Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		During the normal immune response to a bacterial or viral infections, CD4 cells that recognize the invading microorganism become activated and coordinate the immune response to that organism.
		These long lived memory cells allow future responses to the same microorganism and are the central element in immunologic memory, a fundamental characteristic of the immune system.
		Rather, it persists in an inactive form until the memory cell is activated again.
	www.hopkins-aids.edu /publications/report/july99_3.html (790 words)

	Syphilis/AIDS research proposal by John Scythes
		Syphilis serology relies on normal immunologic memory, which is presumed in our current thinking to operate throughout the course of untreated syphilis.
		This central question about immunologic memory in syphilis is the crux of the concerns underlying this proposal.
		This DTH response is what clears early syphilis lesions and demonstrates memory development in subsets of T-, B- cells and macrophages (and in fact clears measles, chicken pox, etc., and signals the end of the infectious stage).
	www.cbc.ca /ideas/features/Aids/research.html (3319 words)

	HIV Report Jan.98 - A Reservoir for HIV in Patients on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The life span of memory T cells in uninfected individuals is not yet well established, but it is clear that immunologic memory can persist for long periods of time.
		There is currently an active debate over whether memory results from the long term survival of memory cells in the absence of antigen stimulation, the restimulation of memory cells by cross-reacting environmental antigens, or the restimulation of memory cells by low levels of persistent antigen.
		T cells suggests that these isolates are derived from long-lived cells that were initially infected prior to the initiation of HAART, consistent with the hypothesis that this compartment functions as a stable, long-term reservoir for the virus.
	www.hopkins-aids.edu /publications/report/jan98_1.html (2798 words)

	Hib studies
		Immunologic memory in Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine failure
		Higher antibody responses to invasive Hib disease in vaccinated children with meningitis reflect priming for immunologic memory by the vaccine.
		Although a majority of children in the UK are protected from Hib disease by immunisation, the relative roles of immunologic memory and other immune me chanisms in conferring protection remain unclear.
	www.vaccinetruth.org /hib_studies.htm (1576 words)

	Immunologic memory in Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine failure -- McVernon et al. 88 (5): 379 -- ...
		Immunologic memory in Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine failure -- McVernon et al.
		Immunological characterization of conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine failure in infants.
		Clinical and immunological risk factors associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine failure in childhood.
	adc.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/88/5/379 (3485 words)

	T Cell Memory in the Lung Airways -- Woodland and Scott 2 (2): 126 -- Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society
		The first phase involves memory T cells that are already in the lung airways.
		The second phase involves memory T cells that are rapidly recruited into the lung airways at early stages of the infection (Days 3–6).
		The third phase involves memory T cells that have proliferated in response to antigen and are then recruited into the airways (peaking at Day 7).
	pats.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/2/126 (4339 words)

	EID Vol 2 No 4:
		Furthermore, the TI antigens do not induce immunologic memory and the maturation of the immune response; anti-PS antibodies have low avidity and the switch from one isotype to another does not happen even after repeated immunizations.
		Development of immunologic memory means that the protection does not depend solely on the existing antibody concentration.
		Deciding about the protective concentration might be difficult because the development of immunologic memory is an important factor; the protection does not solely depend on the existing antibody concentration.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol2no4/kayhty.htm (5811 words)

	Department of Biology - Faculty
		Immunologic Memory in the IgA Immune Systems of Rats; Drs.
		The decline of immunologic memory in the absence of continuing antigenic stimulation.
		A model for the loss of memory potential assuming a requirement for two interacting cell populations with different functional half-lives.
	www.ecu.edu /cs-cas/biology/feldbush_tom.cfm?RenderForPrint=1 (287 words)

	Explanations are required! Vladimir Koliadin Ph.D. discusses alternative AIDS theories with John Scythes and Colman ...
		Syphilis cancels immunologic memory all by itself in experiments, whereas the viral diseases induce immunity in the majority of experimental subjects.
		Syphilis cancels immunologic memory all > by itself in experiments, whereas the viral diseases induce immunity in the > majority of experimental subjects.
		In terms of the immunologic lessons learned, the booster effect or the anamnestic response of the immune system - however you wish to refer to it - has a memory component and re-infection results in more rapid clonality than is encountered in the primary exposure.
	www.cbc.ca /ideas/features/Aids/koliadin.html (15711 words)

	IJID : Past Issues : Volume 1, Number 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Repeated immunization of infants and toddlers with meningococcal C conjugate vaccines, given either alone or in a single formulation with meningococcal A conjugate vaccine, elicits boostable increases in serum meningococcal C bactericidal antibody titer.
		The C conjugate vaccine also induces memory B cells that are capable of responding to a subsequent immunization with unconjugated meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
		In experimental animals, these vaccines are much less immunogenic than A or C conjugates, probably because of immunologic tolerance induced to the B polysaccharide by exposure to cross-reacting polysialic acid expressed in the brain and other tissues of the host.
	www.isid.org /publications/ijid/vol_1/num_3/1_3_152.shtml (410 words)

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