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Topic: Impact basin

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	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Science & Technology: Maximum Impact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Copernicus Crater, 93 kilometers in diameter, is one of the youngest and freshest impact craters on the nearside of the Moon.
		Schrodinger is one of the youngest, freshest impact basins on the Moon.
		Yuty crater on Mars is 18 kilometers in diameter.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=25 (1607 words)

	GOM Origin 12:2002 EXPLORER
		I'm suggesting that a huge cosmic impact (asteroid or comet) struck the area of the present gulf in latest Permian time, creating an immense saucer-like crater, fracturing the crust, metamorphosing the underlying Paleozoic rocks (impact melt?) and causing an uplifted Moho due to rebound tectonics.
		This impact is seen as responsible for the world's greatest extinction crisis at the close of the Permian, some 250 million years ago.
		Impact ruptured crustal integrity, caused an uplifted Moho by rebound tectonics and probably induced deep-seated radially-outward motions in the ductile mantle.
	www.aapg.org /explorer/2002/12dec/gom_impact.cfm (571 words)

	Lunar Orbiter: Impact Basin Geology
		The Cordillera Mountains are regarded as the rim of the basin, defining the basin's 930-kilometer diameter.
		The Imbrium Basin is the largest basin on the nearside of the Moon, with a diameter of 1160 kilometers (the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the farside is twice as large).
		Material ejected by the formation of an impact basin is generally redeposited in the region outside the basin.
	www.lpi.usra.edu /expmoon/orbiter/orbiter-basins.html (1487 words)

	Earth Impact Craters - Željko Lipanović
		The impact of a comet or asteroid about the size of Hephaistos or SL9 hitting the Earth was probably responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
		The impact of an asteroid or comet several hundred million years ago left scars in the landscape that are still visible in this spaceborne radar image of an area in the Sahara Desert of northern Chad.
		The impact basin is buried by several hundred meters of sediment, hiding it from view.
	www.geocities.com /zlipanov/impact_craters/impact_craters.html (1544 words)

	Non-Impact Sites
		Impact basins big enough to see easily on a map would result in huge volumes of impact melts and widespread distinctive deformation of the rocks.
		Interestingly, the Manicouagan impact structure is visible in the far northwest of this map area as well.
		Their origin is unclear but they are certainly not due to impact since they lack all of the diagnostic features of impact sites.
	www.uwgb.edu /dutchs/Planets/impact-No.htm (709 words)

	Sudbury Basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sudbury Basin, also known as Sudbury Structure, is the second largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, and a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada.
		Sudbury Basin would then be the second largest crater on earth, after the 300 km Vredefort crater in South Africa, and larger than the 170 km Chicxulub crater in Yucatán, Mexico which is linked to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		The Sudbury Basin is deformed on the east by the Lake Wanapitei impact structure, a smaller 37 Mya impact crater.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudbury_Basin (436 words)

	Rubielos
		The chain comprises the previously established Mid-Tertiary Azuara impact structure in Spain (see http://www.impact-structures.com/spain/azuara.htm), the nearby Rubielos de la Cérida companion crater (see http://www.impact-structures.com/abstract.html) as part of an elongated impact basin, and a ring structure (Torrecilla, 12 km diameter) suggested to be also of impact origin (see image below).
		It begins in the eighties and early nineties with the establishment (by K. Ernstson and co-workers) of the 35 - 40 km-diameter Azuara impact structure at the margin between the Alpidic fold belt of the Iberian Chain and the Tertiary Ebro Basin.
		The impact evidence comprises structural features, abundant monomictic and polymictic breccias and breccia dikes, extensive megabreccias and petrographical significance in the form of impact glass and shock metamorphism.
	www.impact-structures.com /spain/rubielos.htm (656 words)

	Impact crater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although it might be assumed that a major Impact on the Earth would leave behind absolutely unmistakable evidence, in fact the gradual processes that change the surface of the Earth tend to cover the effects of impacts.
		As the number of Impact craters increases on a surface, the appearance of the surfaces changes; this can be used to establish the age of extraterrestrial terrain.
		Giant Impact crater on Saturn's moon Mimas In either case, the size of the crater depends on the size of the impactor and the material in the Impact regions.
	impact-crater.iqnaut.net (1843 words)

	impact basin
		An impact crater that has a rim diameter greater than 300 km.
		Impact basins are produced by such violent impacts that they are always associated with extensive faulting and other deformations of the crust, and very large ejecta blankets.
		Over 40 impact basins have been identified on the Moon, the largest of which is the Imbrium Basin.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/I/impact_basin.html (127 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Mare Humorum Basin
		The Humorum basin is filled with a layer of basalt, likely over three kilometres thick at its centre.
		The Humorum basin, like several other lunar basins, was formed in a period which ended around 4.1 billion years ago.
		In the middle image the small craters are not very clear because the terrain has been partly covered by material ejected from the impact basin.
	sci.esa.int /jump.cfm?oid=39175 (355 words)

	Hellas Impact Basin
		The massive Hellas impact basin in the Southern Hemisphere is another striking feature on Mars.
		Nearly six miles (nine kilometers) deep and 1,300 miles (2,100 kilometers) across, the basin is surrounded by a ring of material that rises 1.25 miles (about two kilometers) above the surroundings and stretches out to 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) from the basin center.
		This ring of material, likely thrown out of the basin during the impact of an asteroid, has a volume equivalent to a two-mile (3.5-kilometer) thick layer spread over the continental United States, and it contributes significantly to the high topography in the Southern Hemisphere.
	www.solarviews.com /cap/mgs/mgstopo5.htm (114 words)

	PSRD:: SaU169 Lunar Meteorite
		The 3.9 billion year age of the impact melt adds to the debate about whether there was an increase in the impact rate 3.9 billion years ago or there was a continuous decline in the impact rate from 4.5 to 3.8 billon years.
		The impact melt breccia is associated with a regolith breccia, consisting of fragments of rocks and minerals all smashed together.
		Still another interpretation is that all the impact melt ages reflect the age of the event that formed the huge Imbrium impact basin, which might dominate the nearside chronology.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Oct04/SaU169.html (3212 words)

	Caloris Basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The impact which created the Caloris basin must have occurred after most of the heavy bombardment had finished, because fewer impact craters are seen on its floor than exist on comparably-sized regions outside the crater.
		Similar impact basins on the Moon such as the Mare Imbrium and Mare Orientale are believed to have formed at about the same time, possibly indicating that there was a 'spike' of large impacts towards the end of the heavy bombardment phase of the early solar system
		At the exact antipode of the basin is a large area of hilly, grooved terrain, known as the 'Weird Terrain', which is thought by some to have been created as seismic waves from the impact converged on the opposite side of the planet
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caloris_Basin (569 words)

	Altitude of the Lowest Point on Mars
		The southern hemisphere is dominated by many impact craters and generally has a higher elevation than the northern hemisphere.
		Hellas is by far the largest and deepest impact basin on Mars.
		Scientists believe that the impact of a large asteroid or meteor formed the Hellas basin about 3 billion years ago.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2003/AllisonChin.shtml (475 words)

	PSR Discoveries:Hot Idea: South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin
		Calculations indicate that the floor of SPA basin ought to be composed mostly of rock derived from the mantle of the Moon, but using spacecraft data Paul Lucey (University of Hawaii) and his co-workers suggest it is at most half mantle, half crust.
		The basin was not the center of very many studies after that because we knew so little about it, until spacecraft returned to the Moon in the 1990s.
		He hypothesizes that SPA was formed by the impact of a low-velocity projectile that hit at a low angle (about 30 degrees or less), hence did not dig very deeply into the Moon.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /July98/spa.html (2331 words)

	Ernstson Claudin impact structures
		A comprehensive report on the Rubielos de la Cérida impact basin and crater chain (Spain) including 170 new images (outcrops, impact breccia samples, impact melt rocks, photomicrographs of shock metamorphism) tables and diagrams.
		Amazingly similar: Regmaglypts on the surface of the Tabor meteorite and on a limestone clast from the Puerto Mínguez impact ejecta.
		The university of Zaragoza denies the existence of the impact of a meteorite.
	www.impact-structures.com (514 words)

	The Impact of Human Use Upon the Chisos Basin and Adjacent Lands (Chapter 7)
		The generalized pattern of impact or disturbance upon vegetation is that of removing or contributing to the reduction or alteration of existing vegetation.
		The impacted site, depending upon the desires of man, may be left bare, covered by structures, may undergo continual compaction, or be left for "nature" to revegetate.
		The most widespread form of basin impact is that of the trail system, which traverses many steep slopes and vegetation types.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/science/4/chap7.htm (3987 words)

	NCE Knowledge Site -- Mackenzie Basin Impact Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Mackenzie Basin Impact Study assessed the potential impacts of global warming on regions and inhabitants within an extensive northern area of Canada.
		The project leader was Stewart Cohen, currently with the Adaptation and Impacts Research Group at the Sustainable Development Research Initiative of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
		Results from the Mackenzie Basin Impact Study (MBIS) indicate that a warmer future would include more landslides from permafrost thaw, increases in forest fires, reductions in minimum water levels during the low water season, and northward shifts of the boreal ecosystem.
	yukon.taiga.net /knowledge/resources/mbis/index.html (730 words)

	Universe Today - Mars Express Finds a Buried Impact Crater
		First data include buried impact craters, probing of layered deposits at the north pole and hints of the presence of deep underground water-ice.
		The scientists have interpreted it as a buried basin of impact origin, possibly containing a thick layer of water-ice-rich material.
		The planar reflection is consistent with a flat interface that separates the floor of the basin, situated at a depth of about 1.5 to 2.5 km, from a layer of overlying different material.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/me_uncovers_mars_depth.html?1122005 (706 words)

	Profile of the Mono Basin Environmental Impact Report
		The Mono Basin EIR was prepared as an informational document for the State Water Resources Control Board to use in amending Los Angeles' water rights licenses.
		The Environmental Impact Report for the Review of the Mono Basin Water Rights of the City of Los Angeles (Mono Basin EIR), prepared for the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB), is no exception.
		Although the Mono Basin EIR is probably the most comprehensive source of scientific information on the Mono Basin, some conclusions based on that information are open to debate.
	www.monobasinresearch.org /onlinereports/eirprofile.htm (525 words)

	Argyre impact basin
		A thousand miles across, Argyre is the second-largest impact basin on Mars after Hellas Planitia.
		The impacting object that created the basin is believed to have been about 30 miles in diameter.
		Within the basin are the relatively flat plains of Argyre Planitia.
	www.arcadiastreet.com /cgvistas/mars_102.htm (233 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		However, since Phobos would probably impact at a very shallow angle, rather than vertically, the crater might be very elliptical and very shallow.
		A 160 km diameter crater inside the Hellas Basin, which is 2300 km across, would just look like a small crater in a big one.
		The impact would probably throw a lot of dust into the atmosphere which might have the effect of cooling the surface for a while until the dust settled out.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /mars/ask/new/Phobos_crashing_in_Hellas_Basin.txt (212 words)

	EPA Region 8 - Mountains & Plains - Environmental Protection Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		EPA listed the Basin Mining Area to the Superfund National Priorities List on October 22, 1999, due to mining-waste problems in the watershed and mining waste in the Town of Basin.
		Mine wastes impact Basin and Cataract Creeks and the soils within the town of Basin.
		In the summer of 1998, EPA conducted a removal in the Town of Basin OU near residential properties.
	www.epa.gov /region8/superfund/sites/mt/mtbasinnpl.html (1225 words)

	SPACE.com -- Unearthing the Moon: Sampling Our Natural Satellite
		Much of the area around the Moon's south pole is within the South Pole-Aitken Basin (shown at left in blue on a lunar topography image), a giant impact crater 1,550 miles (2,500 kilometers) in diameter and 7.5 miles (12 kilometers) deep at its lowest point.
		By returning material gleaned from the South Pole-Aitken Basin the hope is to better gauge the early impact history of the inner solar system.
		Samples of these ancient materials that are not biased by nearside impact basin formation are highly desirable to further understand the history of Earths celestial companion," explains the NASA document.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/moon_sample_030508.html (1546 words)

	ADU Web Site: Chicxulub Impact Crater Provides Clues to Earth's History
		Argon and uranium-lead age determinations reveal that the melt rocks and the associated breccias are the same age as the tiny spherules of impact glass found within KT boundary deposits in Haiti and Mexico and the unmelted granitic fragments found in KT boundary exposures throughout western North America.
		The KT impact event provides a case completely played out in the rock record where a localized geological process—the collision of large piece of space debris—induced a global environmental collapse culminating in biological devastation.
		When such rocks are heated under the extreme temperatures of high-speed impact, the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and sulfate aerosols, which both contribute to acid rain and smog, are released into the atmosphere.
	www.agu.org /sci_soc/sharpton.html (1323 words)

	NASA unveils the first global 3D maps of Mars
		May 27, 1999: An impact basin deep enough to swallow Mount Everest and surprising slopes in Valles Marineris highlight a global map of Mars that will influence scientific understanding of the red planet for years.
		The massive Hellas impact basin in the Southern Hemisphere is another striking feature of the map.
		The difference in elevation between the hemispheres results in a slope from the South Pole to North Pole that was the major influence on the global-scale flow of water early in martian history.
	science.nasa.gov /newhome/headlines/ast27may99_2.htm (1239 words)

	NCE Knowledge Site -- Mackenzie Basin Impact Study: Summary of Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is the Final Report of the Mackenzie Basin Impact Study (MBIS), a six-year collaborative research project which began in 1990 and was supported by the Canadian government, B.C. Hydro, the University of Victoria, Esso Resources Ltd. and others.
		At the final workshop, an impact study of the warm summer of 1992 in northern Germany was presented by Toth (Potsdam Institute of Climate Impacts, Germany).
		Results of the Mackenzie Basin Impact Study suggest that the effects of recent climate warming are evident in the region.
	yukon.taiga.net /knowledge/resources/mbis/summary.html (10239 words)

	The Moon - Clementine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mosiac of the Schrodinger impact basin on the Moon
		Clementine mosaic of the Schrodinger impact basin near the south pole of the Moon.
		The basin is 312 km in diameter and centered at 67 S, 132 E. Note the smooth floor and the large inner ring.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /imgcat/html/object_page/clm_usgs_18.html (101 words)

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