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Topic: Impact of global climate changes on agriculture

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	Learn more about Global warming in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Climate simulations (vague) do not unambiguously attribute the warming that occurred from 1910 to 1945 to either variation in solar radiation (internal and natural forcing) or to anthropogenic forcing (see climate change).
		Global warming causes the sea level to rise mainly because sea water expands as it warms, but some scientists are concerned that in the future, the polar ice caps and glaciers may melt.
		Global warming is being studied by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/gl/global_warming.html (3074 words)

	Africa Agriculture Climate : : Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Climate change, especially indicated by prolonged drought is one of the most serious climatic hazards affecting the agricultural sector of the continent.
		Climate change in the already arid northern sub-region of the continent is expected to enhance desertification and bring a gradual decrease in forest cover.
		Africa's vulnerability to climate change and its inability to adapt to these changes may be devastating to the agriculture sector, the main source of livelihood to the majority of the population.
	www.ceepa.co.za /climate_change/index.html (1239 words)

	CGIAR: Research & Impact: CGIAR on Global Issues: CGIAR & Climate Change
		Global agriculture is now estimated to account for about 20 percent of total anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases.
		As an international research organization with a global network of research centers and partnerships, the CGIAR is ideally positioned to provide the research backbone, technical advice, and capacity building on the implications of land use, land-use change, and forestry management on climate change-and for biodiversity and land degradation in developing countries, as well.
		For the world's poorest farmers the global response to climate change could be an enormous opportunity to grow higher-yielding crops, healthier animals, and more sustainable forests, and improve their livelihoods; for all of us, the correct response could protect the environment for future generations.
	www.cgiar.org /impact/global/climate.html (803 words)

	NRDC: Global Warming Threatens Florida
		In fact, scientists have already observed changes in Florida consistent with the early effects of global warming: retreating and eroding shorelines, dying coral reefs, saltwater intrusion into inland freshwater aquifers, an upswing in forest fires, and warmer air and sea-surface temperatures.
		Global warming, an increase in the earth's average temperature caused by a build up of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, is often regarded as an abstract threat.
		The impact of global warming on agriculture may not be felt at first; indeed, it is possible that climate and water conditions will help some commercial crops in the short run.
	www.nrdc.org /globalwarming/nflorida.asp (839 words)

	sociology - Global warming
		Use of the term "global warming" generally implies a human influence — the more neutral term climate change is usually used for a change in climate with no presumption as to cause and no characterization of the kind of change involved, such as the Ice Ages.
		Climate models, forced by estimates of increasing CO and to a lesser extent, by generally decreasing sulfate aerosols, predict that temperatures will increase (with a range of 1.4°C to 5.8°C for change between 1990 and 2100 [[4]]).
		Climate commitment studies predict that even if levels of greenhouse gases and solar activity were to remain constant, the global climate is committed to 0.5°C of warming over the next one hundred years due to the lag in warming caused by the oceans.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Global_warming (5046 words)

	Vital climate graphics: Potential Impacts of Climate Change
		The global conveyor belt thermohaline circulation is driven primarily by the formation and sinking of deep water (from around 1500m to the Antarctic bottom water overlying the bottom of the ocean) in the Norwegian Sea.
		Plasmodium vivax, with the Anopheles mosquito as a vector, is an organism causing malaria.
		The main climate factors that have bearing on the malarial transmission potential of the mosquito population are temperature and precipitation.
	www.grida.no /climate/vital/impacts.htm (779 words)

	USGCRP Seminar: Food, Agriculture, and Climate Change: The U.S. and International Outlook
		The challenge for the world agricultural enterprise is not only to feed the growing population in the face of changing climate conditions, but to do so while preserving the rich resources of land and water on which we and future generations depend.
		Climate change appears likely to stress farming conditions even more, although efforts by farmers to adapt to climate change are likely to offset some of the climate-related damages.
		Climate change, if the change is for the worse, is likely to further erode the position of Great Plains farmers, even if efforts to adapt offset some of the crop losses.
	www.usgcrp.gov /usgcrp/seminars/9717DD.html (1239 words)

	Wikinfo \| Global warming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Global warming theories attempt to account for the rise in average global temperatures since the late 19th century (0.6 ± 0.2°C) [1] [2] and assess the extent to which the effects are due to human causes.
		Global warming theories attempt to assess the extent to which increases in carbon dioxide levels affect the global climate though both direct and indirect means.
		The 1995 IPCC report concluded that "The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate"; this was strengthened in the 2001 TAR to "There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities".
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Global_warming (5934 words)

	Wikinfo \| Global warming II
		Evidence of global warming is uneven with certain places, especially the north shore of Alaska, showing dramatic rises temperature far above the average for the globe as a whole [8].
		Such models cannot yet simulate all aspects of climate (e.g., they still cannot account fully for the observed trend in the surface-troposphere temperature difference since 1979) and there are particular uncertainties associated with clouds and their interaction with radiation and aerosols.
		Sensitivity of climate to greenhouse gases may be over-estimated or under-estimated estimated because of some flaws in the models and because the importance of some external factors may be misestimated.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Global_warming_II (2917 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Economy - overview
		Although agriculture is almost all in private hands, farms are small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally is a net importer of food.
		The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture.
		The economy felt the impact of the global economic slowdown in 2001, particularly in the high-tech export sector; the growth rate was cut by nearly half.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2116.html (16442 words)

	Agriculture Bibliography
		Crosson, P. Climate change and mid-latitudes agriculture: Perspectives on consequences and policy responses.
		Agricultural impacts of and responses to climate change in the Missouri-Iowa-Nebraska-Kansas (MINK) region.
		Rosenberg, N. Adaptation of agriculture to climate change.
	www.ciesin.org /TG/AG/agbib.html (1167 words)

	Global Changes
		Searchable bibliography on the impacts of environmental change on flora and fauna.
		Map illustrates the observed consequences of global warming, as indicated by periods of unusually warm weather, coastal flooding, and changes in glaciers and polar regions.
		Portal to information about climate and weather; how the atmosphere is affected by greenhouse gases and transport and industry emissions; issues of climate change (global warming), severe weather and smog.
	www.linktomi.net /directory/Conservation/Global_Changes (493 words)

	Climate Ark: Climate Change and Global Warming Portal
		Global media is abuzz with discussion regarding whether the massive and deadly heatwaves hitting Europe, Asia and the United States, particularly California, are caused by and/or an indicator of global warming [more
		The Amazon is now entering its second successive year of climate change intensified drought, making it likely that widespread forest die-back will start soon.
		Climate Ark is a climate change and global warming portal and search engine that promotes public policy that addresses global climate change through reductions in carbon dioxide and other emissions, renewable energy, energy conservation and ending deforestation.
	www.climateark.org (556 words)

	Global Climate Change
		Changes in the amount of precipitation falling to Earth affect our lives in many ways.
		Predicted changes in the water cycle differ according to the region of the planet being examined.
		Of course predicted changes in the water cycle also differ according to the climate model used.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/climate/GCremote4.html (571 words)

	EPA : Global Warming : Impacts : Agriculture
		Developing the ability to confidently estimate the impacts of climate change on agriculture is critically important.
		Many studies have examined the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture both in the United States and abroad over the last couple of decades.
		While we focus on the impacts on U.S. agriculture resources, it is important to note that the global situation appears to be much less reassuring.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ImpactsAgriculture.html (491 words)

	Effects of Global Warming: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Q&A
		The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) is an international project to collect and evaluate knowledge on climate variability, global warming, and increased UV radiation in the Arctic and their effects on the Arctic region, its ecosystems and communities.
		Climate change in the Arctic is expected to affect other parts of the world.
		Coping With Climate Change: The Role of Adaptation in the U.S. A Synthesis of Potential Climate Change Impacts on the U.S. Coral Reefs and Global Climate Change: Potential Contributions of Climate Change to Stresses on Coral Reef Ecosystems
	www.pewclimate.org /arctic_qa.cfm (953 words)

	Global Climate Change
		Global climate change could impact agriculture, ecosystems, forests, sea level, regional weather, human health, and human economics.
		Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns may lead to changes in the length of growing seasons and/or the rates of photosynthesis by plants.
		Since ecosystem evolution is generally a slow process, some elements of an ecosystem might have problems adapting to rapid climate change and may not survive.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/climate/GCclimate3.html (414 words)

	Impacts of Climate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Unmitigated climate change due to increasing greenhouse gases would have global consequences such as adverse impacts on crop yields and water resources, international food insecurity triggered by drought, flooding of lands caused by sea-level rise, and migration of peoples due to environmental changes.
		In Climate Change and World Agriculture, Parry (1990) examines the Impact of Climate Change on Sea Level in terms of crop yields, food security, and inundation of lands.
		Pimentel (1993) offers a general review of the impacts of climate change on global agriculture in "Climate Changes and Food Supply." UNEP's IUCC Fact Sheet 101 (1990b) also provides a brief overview of the agricultural impacts of climate change.
	www.ciesin.org /TG/AG/humancon.html (319 words)

	Governor's Initiative on Global Warming Climate Change and Oregon
		And experts predict that we´ll see a faster rate of climate change in the next 100 years than any experienced during the last 10,000 years.
		Changing how we use energy is a good way to help preserve the natural places that have long made Oregon unique.
		For more information about climate change, contact Sam Sadler by e-mail or by telephone at (503) 373-1034 or toll-free in Oregon at (800) 221-8035 ext.
	www.oregon.gov /ENERGY/GBLWRM/climhme.shtml (757 words)

	Puget Sound Clean Air Agency - Global climate change
		Impacts of climate change in the Pacific Northwest
		We are committed to acting locally on global warming, or climate change.
		Climate change is likely to also result in more winter floods and heat-related pollution such as ozone.
	www.pscleanair.org /specprog/globclim (736 words)

	USGS Global Change Research - Earth Surface Dynamics Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Knowledge about changes to the Earth's surface and the underlying processes that induce them has enormous impact on how society responds to these changes and, ultimately, the cost of responding to change.
		USGS Global Change Research activities strive to achieve a whole-system understanding of the interrelationships among earth surface processes, ecological systems, and human activities.
		Activities of the program focus on documenting, analyzing, and modeling the character of past and present environments and the geological, biological, hydrological, and geochemical processes involved in environmental change so that future environmental changes and impacts can be anticipated.
	geochange.er.usgs.gov (186 words)

	Mars
		The reasons for this global dichotomy and abrupt boundary are unknown (some speculate that they are due to a very large impact shortly after Mars' accretion).
		The mechanism responsible for the layering is unknown but may be due to climatic changes related to long-term changes in the inclination of Mars' equator to the plane of its orbit.
		The seasonal changes in the extent of the polar caps changes the global atmospheric pressure by about 25% (as measured at the Viking lander sites).
	www.seds.org /nineplanets/nineplanets/mars.html (2231 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Climate report: the main points
		As the Arctic is warming faster than the planetary average, a local warming of 2.7C may equate to a global warming of only about 1.5C, which some climate scientists believe is certainly going to happen whatever policies are now set in train.
		The impacts are difficult to predict, say Carol Turley and colleagues from the UK's Plymouth Marine Laboratory; but, they caution: "Such dramatic changes in ocean pH (acidity) have probably not been seen for millions of years of the Earth's history."
		The European Union has set a policy target of preventing a global rise of more than 2C; but precisely what needs to be done to achieve that target in terms of restraining emissions is unclear.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4661830.stm (1058 words)

	New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The usual climate throughout the country is mild, mostly cool temperate to warm temperate, with temperatures rarely falling below 0°C or rising above 30°C. Conditions vary from wet and cold in Southland and the West Coast of the South Island, where most of the country's rain falls, to subtropical in Northland.
		New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade—particularly in agricultural products—to drive growth, and it has been affected by global economic slowdowns and slumps in commodity prices.
		Since agricultural exports are highly sensitive to currency values and a large percentage of consumer goods are imported, any changes in the value of the New Zealand dollar has a strong impact on the economy.
	new-zealand.ask.dyndns.dk (2717 words)

	International Trade Bibliography
		Examines markets as they respond to changes in the financial climate, and provides a monthly round up of the latest events, appointments and personnel moves.
		Provides analysis of ongoing changes in governmental structures and personnel around the world plus biographical information on the people involved.
		Reports on overseas market opportunities, global corporate strategies, trade and political developments to assess their impact on U.S. imports, exports, joint ventures and acquisitions.
	www.tradeport.org /library/bibliography.html (2230 words)

	EPA : Global Warming : Impacts : State Impacts
		Here are links to the State Climate Change Impacts information sheets in pdf format (~70k to 100k each); these files can be viewed, downloaded, and reproduced using the Acrobat Reader, available at no charge from
		The Regional Impacts of Climate Change - An Assessment of Vulnerability
		Chapter, are available on the EPA Global Warming Site.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ImpactsStateImpacts.html (72 words)

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