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Topic: Impartiality

	Impartiality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Impartiality is a principle of justice holding that decisions should be based on objective criteria, rather than on the basis of bias, prejudice, or preferring the benefit to one person over another for improper reasons.
		According to Bernard Gert, "A is impartial in respect R with regard to group G if and only if A's actions in respect R are not influenced at all by which member(s) of G benefit or are harmed by these actions." (Gert 1995, p.104).
		A third view holds that impartiality is only necessary when an individual acts in a certain capacity, such as that of a judge, an umpire, or a public official.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Impartiality (732 words)

	Dissertation: Impartiality and Constitutional Adjudication - Outline
		Impartiality has a particular burden in this regard, in that it is often thought to be synonymous with the very act of following a rule.
		Impartiality is concerned to fully investigate all sides of a constitutional dispute, rather than allowing one set of interests to have a free ride.
		The study does not assume that judges are more impartial than other political actors, or that as a matter of fact they have been impartial in the constitutional cases which have arisen for their consideration.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~agibbon/thssoutl.html (1431 words)

	People v. Chambers
		Whether a prospective juror who qualifies a response to a question concerning his or her ability to be fair and impartial with "I think" gives an equivocal response that is insufficient to alleviate doubts regarding his impartiality, therefore requiring the trial court to excuse the prospective juror.
		Phrases such as "I think" or "I'll try" in response to questions concerning impartiality are not necessarily equivocal responses that would require excusal for cause where a court has serious doubts as to a prospective juror's impartiality.
		The Appellate Division affirmed the conviction, holding that despite any possible doubts regarding impartiality, the trial court was not required to excuse for cause, because the prospective juror unequivocally stated that he could be fair and impartial.
	www.law.cornell.edu /nyctap/comments/i02_0028.htm (224 words)

	Impartiality
		To say, for instance, that an impartial choice is one that is free of bias or prejudice is to presuppose that we are dealing with a certain sort of impartiality, that which is required or recommended by morality, or at least worthy of moral approbation.
		Indeed, characterizations of impartial agents which proceed in negative terms (that is, by defining various preferences, emotions or bits of information that she does not possess or that do not move her) often risk picturing the impartial agent as impersonal and even indifferent (Henberg 1978; Brandt 1954).
		Impartiality, in short, as an obligation of justice, may be said to mean, being exclusively influenced by the considerations which it is supposed ought to influence the particular case in hand; and resisting the solicitation of any motives which prompt to conduct different from what those considerations would dictate.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/impartiality (10137 words)

	New Books - Madden Library - Ethics & Impartiality - Bulldog News
		Impartialism can command allegiance only when it is seen as arising from, and therefore consonant with, the partial concerns we have for things and people we care about or love.
		The requirement of impartiality can take various, forms, but it usually involves treating or counting everyone equally in soma respect--according them the same rights, or counting their good or their welfare or some aspect of it the same in determining what would be a desirably result or a permissible course of action.
		Political impartialism, then, is informed by a concern for and commitment to equality: some (for example, some utilitarians) think that this commitment is best honoured by taking each to count for one, and summing the overall benefit.
	www.bulldognews.net /ethics-impartiality.html (2542 words)

	liibulletin: People v. Arnold
		Whether a juror should be excused during voir dire on a challenge for cause if the juror expresses doubts as to her impartiality.
		The juror should be excused, unless the court elicits an unequivocal assurance of impartiality from the juror.
		The court must instruct the jurors that "they must decide the case based on the evidence presented and that evidence alone." The Court urged that jurors be instructed that they cannot use their professional expertise to insert facts and evidence outside the record.
	www.law.cornell.edu /nyctap/comments/i01_0070.htm (450 words)

	THE RELATIVITY OF HUMANITARIAN NEUTRALITY AND IMPARTIALITY
		Once again, this fact in itself demonstrates that neutrality and impartiality defined at such a restrictive level cannot be seen as evidence of a definition which is opposable beyond the internal constitutional context of the organization.
		Hence, neutrality and impartiality were considered essential operating rules for peace-keeping, as they related to the relative balance of forces of the parties whose consent had to be attracted.
		The doctrine of neutrality and impartiality assumes a substantivly justificatory role where governments undertake humanitarian actions, including those involving the deployment of armed forces, which, according to many scholars, are not necessarily prima facie lawful, and which are not covered by an effective collective security mandate.
	www.jha.ac /articles/a029.htm (4735 words)

	Impartiality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Such an agent might be impartial between her children with respect to the care they receive (while preferring her own children over others in this respect), and also impartial between the various job candidates; but it is clear that these two uses of the word ‘impartial’ denote very different practices.
		The moral importance of the impartial point of view is that from it, every moral agent counts equally: no one, including the person occupying that point of view, is considered to be intrinsically more significant than anyone else, or to have more powerful claims to attention simply by virtue of who they are.
		As Brian Barry has written, the effect of consequentialist impartiality "is, in effect, to extend to the whole of conduct the requirements of impartiality that on the common-sense view are restricted to judges and bureaucrats acting in their official capacities." (Barry 1995, p.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/spr2003/entries/impartiality (9337 words)

	Red Cross Red Crescent - The fundamental principle of impartiality
		Impartiality means that, for the Movement, the only priority that can be set in dealing with those who require help must be based on need, and the order in which available aid is shared out must correspond to the urgency of the distress it is intended to relieve.
		Only an impartial action can give the image of an organization that can be trusted by people to be assisted or protected.
		impartiality in its true sense requires that subjective distinctions be set aside.
	www.ifrc.org /what/values/principles/impartiality.asp (399 words)

	ZNet \| Mainstream Media \| Impartiality Of British Journalism
		This is "impartiality", a sacred word in the lexicon of British broadcasting, which has long lost its dictionary meaning and is a euphemism for the consensual view of established authority.
		To Reith, impartiality was a "principle" that could be suspended whenever the established authority was threatened.
		To stem the decline in audiences, the report recommended that the rules on impartiality should be relaxed and that news channels be allowed to follow a clearly defined agenda.
	www.zmag.org /content/print_article.cfm?itemID=2677§ionID=21 (995 words)

	ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR MEDIATORS
		Impartiality means freedom from favoritism or bias either by appearance, word or by action, and a commitment to serve all parties as opposed to a single party.
		Impartiality is at the heart of mediators' ethical responsibilities.
		SPIDR defines impartiality as freedom from favoritism or bias either by appearance, word or by action, and a commitment to serve all parties as opposed to a single party.
	www.caadrs.org /studies/ethical.htm (2802 words)

	BBC Editorial Guidelines - Impartiality - Introduction
		Impartiality lies at the heart of the BBC's commitment to its audiences.
		The Agreement accompanying the BBC's Charter requires us to produce comprehensive, authoritative and impartial coverage of news and current affairs in the UK and throughout the world to support fair and informed debate.
		It specifies that we should do all we can to treat controversial subjects with due accuracy and impartiality in our news services and other programmes dealing with matters of public policy or of political or industrial controversy.
	www.bbc.co.uk /guidelines/editorialguidelines/edguide/impariality (542 words)

	Ofcom Website \| Section 5 - Due Impartiality and Due Accuracy and Undue Prominence of Views and Opinions
		Impartiality itself means not favouring one side over another.
		So “due impartiality” does not mean an equal division of time has to be given to every view, or that every argument and every facet of every argument has to be represented.
		The approach to due impartiality may vary according to the nature of the subject, the type of programme and channel, the likely expectation of the audience as to content, and the extent to which the content and approach is signalled to the audience.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /tv/ifi/codes/bcode/undue/?a=87101 (1230 words)

	Adherence to Principle of Impartiality in International Relations Called for
		What is important for observing the principle of impartiality in international relations is not to tolerate the high-handed and arbitrary practices.
		One of the basic requirements for ensuring impartiality in dealing with and settling international problems is to reject any interference in one's internal affairs.
		This is a key link in the chain of the efforts to develop the relations among countries on the basis of the principle of equality and independence, defend their sovereignty, achieve independent development and establish new fair international relations.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/dprk/2005/dprk-050328-kcna02.htm (239 words)

	No Semblance Of Impartiality - By June Maxam
		As evidenced by the actions and statements of both Kasaris and Judge Knepper, there is virtually no concept of impartiality in this case or concept that Baumgartner will receive a fair trial, due process and equal treatment under the law as long as Knepper remains on the case and the venue remains in Erie County.
		"[The prosecutor] is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy, but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartiality is as compelling as to its obligaton to govern at all, and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution, is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done.
		As such, he is a peculiar and very definite sense the servant of the law, the twofold aim of which is that guilt shall not escape or innocence suffer.
	www.northcountrygazette.org /articles/060706NoImpartiality.html (2485 words)

	Blum and Rachels on impartiality
		On the other hand, there is a familiar moral ideal of impartiality: we incline to think that the moral point of view is an impartial point of view, treating everyone alike.
		Furthermore, the examples up to now suggest to Blum what might lie behind the difference between cases in which impartiality is called for and cases in which it isn't: cases calling for impartiality tend to involve "an official capacity within some public institution or practice." For example, judges must judge impartially.
		It is thus not impartiality regarding interests per se which defines impartiality, as it is impartiality regarding interests in which the parties involved have some claim...
	brindedcow.umd.edu /140/blumandrachels1.html (1522 words)

	Uniform Trust Code: Section 803 - Impartiality
		The duty of impartiality is an important aspect of the duty of loyalty.
		In fulfilling the duty to act impartially, the trustee should be particularly sensitive to allocation of receipts and disbursements between income and principal and should consider, in an appropriate case, a reallocation of income to the principal account and vice versa, if allowable under local law.
		The duty to act impartially does not mean that the trustee must treat the beneficiaries equally.
	www.assetprotectionbook.com /UTC_impartiality_803.htm (354 words)

	Justices' impartiality eyed - The Boston Globe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Stevens, a registered Republican at the time of his appointment, has been careful to separate himself from partisan and ideological causes and maintained a reputation for independence and impartiality.
		The justices are quick to say they always prefer not to have to withdraw from a pending case simply to maintain the appearance of impartiality.
		The better way to maintain impartiality, and its appearance, specialists in legal ethics say, is to avoid the conflicts.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/articles/2004/03/28/justices_impartiality_eyed (818 words)

	BBC World Service \| Inside BBC Journalism \| Impartiality
		Inside BBC Journalism: Impartiality examines how journalists at the BBC report events around the world in a balanced and unbiased way.
		Due impartiality lies at the heart of the BBC.
		Being impartial also means showing our commitment to providing programmes which reflect the full range of our audiences' interests, beliefs and perspectives.
	www.bbc.co.uk /worldservice/specials/1536_impartiality (161 words)

	Justice as Impartiality
		Principles of justice that satisfy its conditions are impartial because they capture a certain kind of equality: all those affected have to be able to feel that they have done as well as they could reasonably hope to.
		Thus, principles of justice are inconsistent with any claims to special privilege based on grounds that cannot be made freely acceptable to others....it rules out immediate claims to advantage based on, for example, high birth, ethnicity, or race....
		According to the theory of justice as impartiality, principles of justice are those principles that provide a reasonable basis for the unforced assent of those subject to them.
	www.ou.edu /cas/psc/bookbarry3.htm (590 words)

	Tribunal Proceeding - Impartiality: Institutional Aspect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It concerns the "objective status of the tribunal" when "the system is so structured as to give rise to a reasonable apprehension of bias at the institutional level".
		In the case of municipal courts in Quebec, the Supreme Court held that the fact that part-time judges continue to practise law does not violate the requirements of institutional impartiality.
		The question of compatibility between equal representation on a board and the requirements of institutional or structural impartiality was raised in Quebec in a case involving the former parity review boards (BRP) of the C.S.S.T. and even of the current Commission des lésions professionnelles.
	www.ei-ae.gc.ca /en/board/tribunal/chapter_1-1-2-2-2.shtml (1088 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Impartiality in Moral and Political Philosophy
		It begins by noting that, in political philosophy, impartiality is normally taken to reflect a belief in the equality of all human beings.
		Therefore, if liberal impartiality is to gain support, it must provide an alternative foundation: one which can demonstrate the priority of justice, but which does not depend upon acceptance of a particular conception of the good.
		I suggest that this foundation is to be found in a form of impartialism that gives centrality to the partial concerns we have for particular others.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/politicalscience/0198297815/toc.html (249 words)

	SSRN-John Locke's Political Plan, or, There's No Such Thing as Judicial Impartiality (And It's a Good Thing, Too) by ...
		While the need for impartial judges in a liberal society seems rather undeniable, there is a question that attends the idea of them whose answer isn't so clear for liberalism.
		For we would be appalled at the judge who purports to be impartial but secretly decides the case on the seductive wink of a party's lawyer, its implications for the local Democratic or Republican parties, or some other self-indulgent reason.
		I show that the Code presents to judges an ambivalent and potentially unstable set of instructions: at times, it daringly insists that judges embrace impartiality for its own sake, and other times, it guardedly admonishes judges to be sensitive to appearance and hence hide their partiality.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=553382 (536 words)

	Joho the Blog: It's about transparency, not impartiality
		Second, we've established that Bray has political views, so the question of his impartiality remains whether he expressed his views or not.
		Joho the Blog: It's about transparency, not impartiality: I truly hope we're seeing the last of this foolish idea that journalists are such pure priests of information that they must remain celibate.
		"impartiality expected of journalists" == "appearance of impartiality".
	www.hyperorg.com /blogger/mtarchive/003759.html (1154 words)

	Humanitarian Inviolability in Crisis: The Meaning of Impartiality and Neutrality for U.N. and NGO Agencies Following ...
		The attack, he added, was also a “blow at the neutrality and the impartiality of the U.N. flag.”[40] In one sense, this is simply the sort of officious banality that public officials are supposed to utter in times of crisis.
		Yet this question of impartiality is one which applies to any criminal justice system in any state in which the state prosecutes; the state is not itself neutral or even impartial.
		Neutrality and impartiality are adjuncts to the main question of justice, because, in the name of the practical value of humanitarian relief, they refuse to address the question of justice.
	www.law.harvard.edu /students/orgs/hrj/iss17/anderson.shtml (15321 words)

	Roger L. Simon: The myth of impartiality
		The assumption seems to be that it is impossible for this journalist to be impartial in his professional duties, while retaining strong political views personally.
		I don't have a problem with their opinions, but when that constantly leaks over into their actions and statements, and then they swear to the public that they are fair and objective, it makes them seem as though they have some sort of agenda.
		It is the job of the station to be impartial in presentation but it does not require that those working or in charge of the station have no persoanal views.
	www.rogerlsimon.com /mt-archives/2006/03/the_myth_of_imp.php (5033 words)

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