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Topic: Imperative programming languages


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In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)

  
  Imperative programming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In computer science, imperative programming, as opposed to declarative programming, is a programming paradigm that describes computation in terms of a program state and statements that change the program state.
High-level imperative languages, in addition, permit the evaluation of complex expressions, which may consist of a combination of arithmetic operations and function evaluations, and the assignment of the resulting value to memory.
In the late 1980s and 1990s, the notable imperative languages drawing on object-oriented concepts were Perl, released by Larry Wall in 1987; Python, released by Guido van Rossum in 1990; PHP, released by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994; and Java, first released by Sun Microsystems in 1994.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperative_programming   (842 words)

  
 Imperative Programming
Imperative programming is characterized by programming with a state and commands which modify the state.
Imperative programming languages are characterized by sequences of bindings.
Programs are sequences of bindings (state changes) in which a name may be bound an object at one point in the program and later bound to a different object.
cs.wwc.edu /~aabyan/PLBook/book/node145.html   (327 words)

  
 The Imperative Programming Paradigm
Imperative programs are characterized by sequences of bindings (state changes) in which a name may be bound to a value at one point in the program and later bound to a different value.
Most descriptions of imperative programming languages are tied to hardware and implementation considerations where a name is bound to an address, a variable to a storage cell, and a value to a bit pattern.
When a programming language requires programmers to manage memory for dynamically allocated objects and the language permits aliasing, an object returned to memory may still be accessible though an alias and the value may be changed if the memory manager allocates the same storage area to another object.
burks.brighton.ac.uk /burks/pcinfo/progdocs/plbook/imperati.htm   (5222 words)

  
 Functional Programming Languages Summary - Functional Programming Languages Information
Imperative programming languages are based on the architecture of the computer.
With imperative languages a programmer defines a set of executable instructions and the exact sequence in which those instructions are executed.
In the imperative language example, each time a number was added to the previous sum the state of the variable was changed.
www.bookrags.com /sciences/computerscience/functional-programming-languages-wcs.html   (915 words)

  
 Wikinfo | Imperative programming   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
In computer science, imperative programming, as opposed to declarative programming, is a programming style that describes computation in terms of a program state and statements that change the program state.
In the late 1980s and 1990s, the notable imperative languages drawing on object-oriented concepts were Perl, released by Larry Wall in 1987; Python, released by Guido van Rossum in 1990; and Java, first released by Sun Microsystems in 1996.
Functional programming languages, such as Haskell, are not a sequence of statements and have no global state like imperative languages do.
www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Imperative_programming   (888 words)

  
 CS3671: Programming Languages: Lecture 1
Imperative programming is centered around the assignment statement, which allows one to change the content of cells in the memory store.
Programs written in imperative languages are generally harder to write, debug, and maintain compared to those written in declarative languages.
Programs written in imperative languages are generally larger in terms of code size and run faster compared to programs written in declarative languages.
www.utdallas.edu /~gupta/courses/apl/lec1.html   (920 words)

  
 CSc 520 Principles of Programming Languages :
Over the last 40 or so years, a number of programming paradigms (a programming paradigm is a way to think about programs and programming) have emerged.
A notation (programming language) where the value of an expression depends only on the values of the sub-expressions is called referentially transparent.
Furthermore, in many imperative languages the order in which the arguments to a binary operator are evaluated are undefined.
www.cs.arizona.edu /~collberg/Teaching/520/2005/Html/Html-2   (1097 words)

  
 INTRODUCTION TO IMPERATIVE LANGUAGES
Relationships between a number of common imperative (and other) programming languages are shown in the "wiring diagram" presented in Figure 1.
The most widely used imperative language found in industry is currently (the year 2000) C, which tends to dominate the market (with C++ and Java catching up!).
During the 1970s it became clear that even well-structured programs were not enough for mastering the complexity involved in developing a large program system.
www.csc.liv.ac.uk /~grant/Teaching/COMP205/intro.html   (896 words)

  
 The Lambda Complex
Programming languages such as C/C++/Java/Python are called imperative programming languages because they consist of sequences of actions.
Most imperative languages have, for example, special syntax for constructing a loop, you no longer have to do all the tasks of managing this loop yourself.
Programs are shorter which make it easier to look at a function and "take it all in" at once, convincing yourself that it's correct.
www.haskell.org /complex/why_does_haskell_matter.html   (5109 words)

  
 CS210: Advanced Software Paradigms   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
Imperative programming languages were the first type of high-level programming languages to be developed.
The program state is defined by the contents of memory, and the statements are instructions in the native machine language of the computer or some programming language which is translated into such instructions.
In procedural languages it is common for the same variable to keep changing value as the program runs.
www.seas.gwu.edu /~cs210/Imperative.htm   (179 words)

  
 Department of Computer Science - Courses - Programming Languages
Discusses the major paradigms in modern programming language design: inheritance and object-oriented programming (C++, Smalltalk), logic programming (Prolog), functional programming (ML, Haskell), set-based languages and prototyping (SETL), pattern-matching, generators and backtracking (ICON).
In-depth examination of the four major categories of programming languages: imperative, object-oriented, functional, and logic languages.
Fundamental issues of programming languages such as type systems, scoping, concurrency, modularization, control flow, and semantics are discussed.
www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/compsci/courses/languages.html   (328 words)

  
 CSI 3125 A, Fall 2006: Concepts of Programming Languages -- syllabus   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
Imperative programming languages: data objects, data types, control structures, sub-programs, principles of implementation.
Prepare you for further study of programming languages, help develop an appreciation of a programming language as a tool for software construction, enable you to evaluate and choose a language to match the problem.
Please note that this course is not devoted to programming, or to data structures, or to programming languages you already know (Java, C++ and Prolog).
www.csi.uottawa.ca /~szpak/teaching/3125/syl3125.html   (1350 words)

  
 ONLamp.com -- Advanced OOP: Declarative Programming and Mini-Languages
A number of less common programming languages make declarative styles predominant, but it is also possible to use a declarative style within generally imperative languages.
In these languages, you command the program to carry out a sequence of instructions: put some data in a variable; fetch the data back out of the variable; loop through a block of instructions until some condition is satisfied; do something if something else is true.
Languages like Prolog, Mercury, SQL, XSLT, EBNF grammars, and indeed configuration files of various formats, all declare that something is the case or that certain constraints apply.
www.onlamp.com /pub/a/python/2003/07/31/declarative_python.html   (1540 words)

  
 Variables and Assignment
In imperative programming, a variable is a name that may be assigned to a value and later reassigned to a value.
Most descriptions of imperative programming languages are tied to hardware and implementation considerations where (name, variable, value) = (address, storage cell, bit pattern).
This is in contrast to the usual programming usage in which a value assigned to a variable.
cs.wwc.edu /~aabyan/PLBook/book/node146.html   (568 words)

  
 CS152-Programming Languages
CS 152 is a survey course in programming languages.
Good programming skills are essential, and we assume some knowledge of C. You should plan to complete about a dozen programming assignments over the course of the term.
Note: CS 152 does not cover implementation of conventional, imperative programming languages, which are covered in CS153 (Programming-Language Compilation).
www.eecs.harvard.edu /~nr/cs152   (430 words)

  
 Re: Imperative structure-copying languages?   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
What I mean by that is > imperative languages in which two pointers A and B can point to > the same object, but in which it is impossible for an update to > A to affect what pointer B points to.
For example, neither functional programming approach nor imperative programming approach directly support working with trees that are destructively updated, and this covers many data structures.
Consequently, if your program does a search in a data structure and then does some local surgery, the locality of the surgery will not be so obvious as in an imperative programming language.
www.seas.upenn.edu /~sweirich/types/archive/1999-2003/msg01079.html   (400 words)

  
 The Mercury Project: Motivation and Overview
Even though logic programming languages are theoretically superior to imperative programming languages such as C, C++, Pascal and Ada, existing logic programming languages such as Prolog are not widely used in industry for writing application programs.
Implementations of logic programming languages are significantly slower than the implementations of imperative languages such as C. Therefore the designers of applications where performance is important do not even consider logic programming languages.
While previous fast logic programming systems generate native code and can thus run on only few types of system, we generate C code that can be compiled on almost all software and hardware platforms.
www.cs.mu.oz.au /research/mercury/information/motivation.html   (684 words)

  
 CS441 : Programming Languages
A programming language is a programmer's principal interface with the computer.
The goal of this course is to present a comprehensive introduction to the principal features and overall design of both traditional and modern programming languages.
Since programming languages mediate between the programmer and the raw machine, we will also gain a deeper understanding of how programming languages are compiled, what actually happens when a program is executed on a computer, and how the programming language design affects these.
www.cs.princeton.edu /courses/archive/fall98/cs441   (535 words)

  
 Computer Science 170, Analysis Of Programming Languages
Next, functional programming languages, which some of you may have seen in our AI course; Lisp is one, another is Smalltalk.
Then miscelaneous languages, and you may have seen some of that, too; Prolog is a "logic programming" language; and you may have done some concurrent programming in Java.
We changed to Java in the introductory programming courses a couple of years ago, and that makes this course easier since Java is not only object-oriented, but allows you to easily write programs with a nice graphics interface, include threads for concurrent programming, and write network applications.
aleph0.clarku.edu /~djoyce/cs170   (722 words)

  
 Amazon.com: The Handbook of Programming Languages (HPL): Imperative Programming Languages: Books: Peter H. Salus,Peter ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
This book is the second of the series on programming languages and gives an overview of some representative languages that follow the imperative programming paradigm.
Specifically, the languages Fortran, C, Pascal, and Icon are discussed in the book, with the largest coverage given to C. There is also a very short part of the book devoted to "intermediate languages", which are essentially used as intermediaries between high- and low-level languages.
In part 2 of the book the history of the C language is discussed, and is written by D. Ritchie, one of the developers of the language.
www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1578700094?v=glance   (1458 words)

  
 CSC 530 Lecture Notes Week 8
Synonyms for "von Neumann" are "imperative" and "non-functional".
The basic concept of function definition is the same in Lisp as in an imperative language, including all of the in the PCJ family.
In applicative languages, the iterative control constructs found in imperative languages are replaced by recursion.
www.csc.calpoly.edu /~gfisher/classes/330/lectures/8.html   (1851 words)

  
 Amazon.ca: Concepts of Programming Languages: Books   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
It describes fundamental concepts of programming languages by presenting design issues of the various language constructs, examining the design choices for these constructs in a few common languages, and critically comparing the design alternatives.
This is an ideal text for students taking a comparative programming languages course- it allows those with the ability to program to learn how to choose appropriate languages for certain tasks, increase their abilities to learn new languages, and understand the significance of implementation.
The important topics of various object-oriented languages such as inheritance, multiple inheritance, type checking and polymorphism, allocation and deallocation of objects, dynamic and static binding are covered and their corresponding implementations are discussed in detail for each object-oriented language such as in C++.
www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0201752956   (1658 words)

  
 Amazon.com: The Handbook of Programming Languages (HPL): Functional, Concurrent and Logic Programming Languages: Books: ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
In chapter 3, the author Brian Harvey discusses the language Scheme, and he endeavors to illustrate the simplicity of Scheme as a programming language.
A program in Prolog is a sequence of (Horn) clauses, and the author shows how a Prolog program is able to arrive at a conclusion (or output) based on the rules and facts given in the program, which is effectively a depth-first search algorithm.
Scrolling through the second volume on imperative languages reveals similar prob=lems: Pascal is only mentioned with its commercial dialect "Turbo Pascal", which -- at least in its last incarnation-- is an OO-language and not imperative one, and should therefore be covered in the first volume.
www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1578700116?v=glance   (1840 words)

  
 Annie Liu's CSE526: Principles of Programming Languages (Spring `01)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
Course description: This course is for students interested in high-level programming languages and their formal semantics.
Such study enables precise reasoning about programs, their efficient implementation and easy reuse, as will be discussed in the course.
A simple imperative language; evaluation of arithmetic and boolean expressions, execution of commands; equivalence relations; big-step vs small-step semantics.
www.cs.sunysb.edu /~liu/cse526/01s   (1572 words)

  
 Williams College CS334 - Programming Languages Syllabus   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
A major goal of this course is to present a comprehensive introduction to the principal features and overall design of both traditional and modern programming languages.
While we will examine features of older imperative programming languages like Pascal and C, we will also examine features and programming paradigms introduced in more recent programming languages in response to problems in writing programs in these earlier languages.
An important features of this course is the discussion of programming language paradigms (in particular, languages which support new ways of thinking about implementing algorithms).
www.cs.williams.edu /~kim/cs334/s02/CS334Syl.html   (573 words)

  
 AT02.12 Principles of Programming Languages   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
Programming languages provide the notations for writing computer programs.
With a good understanding of the principles, the students should be able to master new and seemingly different languages.
Programming Concepts in Java, 2nd Ed., University of Toronto Press, Canada, 1999.
www.cs.ait.ac.th /~on/AT02.12.shtml   (117 words)

  
 Implementing Constraint Imperative Programming Languages: The Kaleidosope'93 Virtual Machine   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
Constraint Imperative Programming (CIP) languages integrate declarative constraints with imperative state and destructive assignment, yielding a powerful new programming paradigm.
However, CIP languages are difficult to implement efficiently due to complex interactions between the two donor paradigms.
Neither the virtual machines for classical object-oriented languges, nor those for existing constraint languages, are suitable for implementing CIP languages, as each assumes a purely imperative or a purely declarative computation model.
www.cs.washington.edu /research/constraints/cip/kaleidoscope-oopsla-94.html   (215 words)

  
 Languages :: Tucows Farm
While imperative programming languages -- descendants of ALGOL such as C++, C#, Delphi, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic and so on -- have enjoyed the spotlight for the past twenty or so years, there's been a steady evolution of programming languages towards becoming more like functional programming languages such as Lisp and its cousins.
Discriminating programmers and smug Lisp weenies (often one and the same) like Haskell; the smarty-smart folks at the programming languages blog Lambda the Ultimate seem to like it, and it was the languages used by the first- and third-place winners at the ICFP 2005 Programming Contest.
People are willing to learn a new programming language if it will help them solve their problems.
farm.tucows.com /blog/Languages/_archives/2005/11/28   (428 words)

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