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	Back To Baku! The British Bank of the Middle East by Alan Wilkinson
		The BBME began as the Imperial Bank of Persia, established in 1889 with a Royal charter from Queen Victoria, and a Concession from the Government of Persia, making it the state bank of Persia.
		At the request of the British Government of the time, an office of the Imperial Bank of Persia was established in Baku in order that salaries could be paid to the troops, and payments made for their provisions, food and other necessities.
		In the face of so much regional turmoil, the Imperial Bank's presence in Baku was only intended to be temporary; and so when the British troops packed their tents and left the city in early 1919, the bank closed.
	www.azer.com /aiweb/categories/magazine/42_folder/42_articles/42_britishbank.html (887 words)

	Persia - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		PERSIA, a kingdom of western Asia, bounded on the N. by the Caspian Sea and the Russian Transcaucasian and Transcaspian territories, on the E. by Afghanistan and Baluchistan, on the S. by the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf, and on the W. by Turkish territory.
		On the north-west Persia is united by the highlands of Armenia to the mountains of Asia Minor; on the north-west the Paropamisus and Hindu Kush connect it with the Himalayas.
		In south-eastern Persia the Kuhi-Basman, a dormant volcano, 11,000 to 12,000 ft. in height, in the Basman district, and the Kuh-i-Taftan, i.e.
	86.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PERSIA.htm (16153 words)

	Bank - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Banking licenses are granted by bank regulatory authorities and provide rights to conduct the most fundamental banking services such as accepting deposits and making loans.
		Bank reserves are typically kept in the form of a deposit with a central bank.
		Banking crises have developed many times throughout history when one or more risks materialize for a banking sector as a whole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bank (2842 words)

	.: Banking History in Iran :.
		Banking in England which has brought about the great advancement of industries in that country, had preserved it's purely commercial functions right up to the early part of the 19th century, and confined the major part of it's scope of activities to local needs.
		The bank had all the knowledge and experience of years of banking at it's command, and the money-dealers enjoyed the strength of their numbers, their special knowledge of local needs and conditions and the confidence of the people with whom they had dealt for years.
		The Imperial Bank of Persia accepted the gold Toman as the basis for it's issue of notes, but it would be allowed a period of ten years in which to complete negotiations with the government and to make the necessary arrangements.
	www.eskenas.com /bnkhistory.html (2408 words)

	.: Paper Money History :. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bank notes and gold coins were first used in the country following the conquest of Lidi by Achaemenid king Darius the Great in 516 B.C. At that time, a gold coin called Derick was minted as the Iranian currency.
		Although this bank was not authorized to issue notes, it issued and circulated cashier's checks of of five Kran, which could really be considered a bank notes in disguise.
		The first series of Bank Melli issues were printed in April of 1932 showing a portrait of Reza Shah in his military uniform and the signature of Kurt Lindenblatt, the Governor of the bank, and were denominated in 5, 10, 20, 100 and 500 Rials, known as "Small Cap" series.
	www.eskenas.com /pmhistory.html (1936 words)

	Resht - LoveToKnow 1911
		RESHT, the capital of the province of Gilan in Persia, in 37° 17' N., and 49° 36' E., on the left bank of the Siah-rud (Black river), which is a branch of the Sefid-rud (White river), and flows into the Murdab, lagoon of Enzeli.
		The distance from Enzeli, the port of disembarcation from Russia, on the S. shore of the Caspian, to Resht is 14 m.
		There are telegraph and post offices and branches of the Imperial Bank of Persia and Banque d'Escompte.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Resht (388 words)

	What is Bank? : Abaara fun facts and uncommon knowledge - Bank
		The evolution of banking dates back to the earliest writing, and continues in the present where a bank is a financial institution that provides banking and other financial services.
		Offshore banks are banks located in jurisdictions with low taxation and regulation, such as Switzerland or the Channel Islands.
		Commercial bank, is the term used for a normal bank to dinstinguish it from an investment bank.
	info.abaara.com /pac/Bank (1651 words)

	Iranica.com - ESKENAÚS
		The first series of the Imperial Bank of Persia notes, printed by Bradbury, Wilkinson Co., were issued in 1890 and rather resembled present-day bank notes.
		With the growing sophistication of central banking methods, the importance of bank notes as money was relegated to its secondary position, and note issue became a function of total money supply which was otherwise controlled by monetary policy mechanisms.
		A subsequent series of Central Bank notes was issued bearing the signatures of ¿Al^ Ardala@n, the minister of economy and finance (waz^r-e eqtesáa@d wa da@ra@y^), and Moháammad-¿Al^ Mawlaw^, the governor of the bank (ra÷^s-e koll).
	www.iranica.com /articles/v8f6/v8f648.html (1985 words)

	.:: UK Bank Account Setup.com ::.
		Banks, especially in the U.K. are now scrutinizing all new account applications which now have adopted new eligibility requirements for new accounts mandated by banking associations and regulatory bodies.
		Did you know that banks the U.K. have one of the world's most safest and secure financial networks in the world that rank among the Cayman Islands and banks in Switzerland, and like many renown financial infrastructures in the world, they only divulge your personal information if there is a criminal investigation.
		The truth is by opening a bank in account in a country that boasts one of the strongest currencies in the world, your transactions will be processed and accepted in nearly every country in the world without question.
	www.ukbankaccountsetup.com (2310 words)

	1872. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Reuter concession for the formation of the Imperial Bank of Persia.
		The collapse of the comprehensive concession of 1872 still left Reuter with the option to open a bank in Iran, which the shah granted for a 60-year period.
		The imperial bank had the exclusive right to issue bank notes and was hated by Iranian merchants and moneylenders.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1351.html (705 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 85031359 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Volume 1 traces the history of the bank from its foundation in 1889 as The Imperial Bank of Persia, through the years it was the state bank of Iran, and its development of modern banking in that country, to the ending of its links in 1952.
		The Bank's history has great importance for an understanding of the economic and political history of Iran in the first half of the twentieth century, and of Britain's diplomatic and economic relations with Iran, and provides evidence challenging many accepted viewpoints.
		Banking and Oil, Volume 2 of The History of The British Bank of the Middle East by Geoffrey Jones, was published in 1987.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam023/85031359.html (270 words)

	INDEPENDENT online
		Earlier in 1889, Baron Julius de Reuter, a founder of the bank (and also the creator of Reuters) had obtained a 60-year banking concession from the Shah of Persia allowing the new bank to issue notes and to act as the state bank of Persia.
		Then, in 1949, foreign banks were required to transfer 55 per cent of their deposits to the Iranian state bank.
		In 1994, the head office of The British Bank of the Middle East was transferred to Jersey and, in 1999, the bank was renamed HSBC Bank Middle East.
	www.independent.com.mt /news.asp?newsitemid=30051 (822 words)

	Eugene Staley. War and the Private Investor. 1935. Chapter 10. How Governments Influence Their Investors.
		Thus, the bank originally empowered to build the railway was actually connected by close ties, including partial ownership, to the government of Russia.
		These Japanese and Russian banks were owned in part and controlled by their governments, thus bringing them properly under the preceding section of this discussion.
		Rather, like good jobs with oil companies and banks for former state officials, these distinctions are legitimate prizes, endowed with social approval, which dangle before the eyes of aspirants and supply an incentive to act generally in a seemly and becoming manner.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/investor/Staley10.html (6055 words)

	Iranica.com - GORDON
		GORDON, General Sir THOMAS EDWARD (1832–1914), British intelligence officer, director of the Imperial Bank of Persia (Ba@nk-e æa@hi-e Ira@n; see banking) from 1893 to 1914, author, and apparently the first person to use the term Middle East, which meant particularly Persia and Afghanistan.
		By 1890 he played a key role in devising a policy to prevent Persia from being absorbed by Russia as the Central Asian khanates had been (see Gordon's memoranda and Wolff's correspondence in FO 60/528; see also FO 60/509, 517 and FO 65/1377, 1379, 1392, and 1394).
		In a special report on the prospects for development in southwest Persia, he observed "many places smelling strongly of petroleum" with "great patches of oil-smooth water floating down the Karun" and "oil spreads from the petroleum springs near Shustar" ("Report on a Journey.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v11f2/v11f2031.html (703 words)

	The origin and development of imperialist contention in Iran; 1884-1921: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A concession was obtained by the British to organise the Imperial Bank of Persia with a monopoly in issuing currency (1888).
		The growth of trade, the decline of native manufacturers, and the failure of Iranian businessmen to establish their independent banks gave rise to the emergence of a dependent bourgeoisie in the first quarter of the twentieth century.
		The domination of Iran's finance by the two foreign banks, the apathy of Iran's rulers toward the national bourgeois elite, and the intervention of the two power in favour of their own interests forced Iranian traders and businessmen to work with either of the foreign firms to survive [34].
	www.iran-bulletin.org /history/benab_1.html (4719 words)

	Bonhams - Headlines
		This painting, commissioned at the time of the opening of The Imperial Bank of Persia (which became the Imperial Bank of Iran in 1935), remained the property of the bank, which was later known as HSBC Middle East, and hung in their Mayfair-based headquarters.
		The Imperial Bank of Persia was established in London in 1889 and in the same year opened its doors in Tehran.
		It had obtained a 60 year banking concession from the Shah and was granted a monopoly for issuing Persia’s first bank notes as well as acting as the state bank of Persia.
	butterfields.com /cgi-bin/public.sh/pubweb/publicSite.r?sContinent=EUR&screen=HeadlineDetails&iHeadlineNo=3061 (735 words)

	THE IRANIAN: History, Reza Shah in exile
		The number of Germans resident in Persia, reported in May 1940 to be about seven hundred, was estimated by the Commander-in-Chief in India on 29th July 1941 at between two and three thousand persons, many of them active fifth-columnists.
		At dawn on 25th August 1941 British and Russian forces simultaneously invaded Persia, the former from the west and south-west, the latter from the north.
		On gth September in the House of Commons the Prime Minister spoke of "events in Iran, or Persia as I prefer to call it", and promised to take all necessary further measures to obtain the surrender of all Germans and Italians and the expulsion of the enemy legations.
	www.iranian.com /History/2001/April/Exile (5420 words)

	The Avalon Project : The Anglo-Russian Entente - 1907
		The Governments of Great Britain and Russia having mutually engaged to respect the integrity and independence of Persia, and sincerely desiring the preservation of order throughout that country and its peaceful develop ment, as well as the permanent establishment of equal advantages for the trade and industry of all other nations;
		It is understood that the above-mentioned places are included in the region in which Russia engages not to seek the Concessions referred to.
		Russia, on her part, engages not to oppose, without previous arrangement with Great Britain, the grant of any Concessions whatever to British subjects in the regions of Persia situated between the lines mentioned in Articles I and II.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/eurdipl/angrusen.htm (191 words)

	The Tobacco Regie
		Waterlow and Sons have also printed the early banknotes of Iran issued by the Imperial Bank of Persia, established in 1889 as a concession to Baron Julius de Reuter, a naturalized British subject.
		In return for these rights a sum of £15,000 was to be paid annually to the Shah; in addition, after the working expenses and 5 per cent had been set aside, His Majesty was to receive one quarter of the profits.
		Its gross unfairness was aggravated by the fact that many of the employees were drawn from a somewhat low class and by the lack of tact displayed in dealing with Persian rights.
	www.persi.com /persiphila/IranPriceLists/qajar/Qajar1/qajar1-g/Tobacco.htm (382 words)

	PRN Wire: Newsletter
		These Oxbridge pukka sahibs evoke the bank's pedigree as the monetary colossus of Victorian Britannica, the bank that financed pashas and taipans, whose Mideast franchise began when the Qajar Shah of Persia gave a banking licence to baron Reuters.
		The bank derives a third of its earnings from Europe, the Americas and the Pacific Rim eight years after Hong Kong passed from Crown Colony to the SAR of the Middle Kingdom.
		This is banking's final frontier in the Captain Kirk sense and the starship HSBC could well goose its EPS growth rate to 15-18 per cent.
	www.pressreleasenetwork.com /newsletter/nlfin_view.phtml?nl_id=167 (1396 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 14
		Persia was now under the same burden of debt that afflicted Egypt and the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century.
		As with the Turks, Persia experienced the penetration of foreign ideas and economics in the nineteenth century, and responded with revolution in the first years of the twentieth century.
		Russia got the whole northern third of Persia, including Tehran, as its sphere of influence; Britain got Persia's southeastern corner (namely Baluchistan and Seistan), while the rest of Persia in the middle became a neutral buffer zone, which both sides were expected to stay out of.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne14.html (17759 words)

	Hongkong Bank (HSBC) - Hong Kong 1988 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He realised that there was considerable demand for local banking facilities both in Hong Kong and along the China coast and he helped to establish the Bank in March 1865.
		However, after the war the Bank played a key role in the reconstruction of the Hong Kong economy and began to further diversify the geographical spread of the Bank.
		The British Bank of the Middle East had begun life as the Imperial Bank of Persia in 1889 but throughout the 1940s and 1950s had extended its sphere of operations and pioneered banking in the Gulf states.
	www.scripophily.net /hobahoko19.html (1213 words)

	HSBC Makes a Showing in Mideast - New York Times
		The bank's business there dates back to 1889, when one HSBC founder obtained a banking license from the Shah of Persia and started the Imperial Bank of Persia.
		Studzinski said it would take time to build the investment banking business in Europe and North America, noting that it took rivals like Deutsche Bank and UBS several years and numerous acquisitions to be accepted as investment banking names.
		But he was also responsible for the bank's last big push into investment in 2001, an effort that was abandoned after the bank paid no bonuses to some in the division, causing many bankers to quit.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/12/20/business/worldbusiness/20place.html?ex=1292734800&en=8d8e4c6731545c74&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (910 words)

	The Banknotes of the Iraq Currency Board
		There were three banks active in Iraq that had British interests—the Ottoman Bank, the Eastern Bank and the Imperial Bank of Persia (later the Imperial Bank of Iran).
		James McMurray represented the Imperial Bank of Iran and Sir James Leigh-Wood and Sir Evan Meredith Jenkins represented the Eastern Bank.
		This study of the bank notes issued by the Iraq Currency Board is derived principally from the annual Reports of the Iraq Currency Board and from a publication by the Central Bank of Iraq, entitled Iraqi Currency – Development stages – 1997.
	www.pjsymes.com.au /articles/Iraq-CB.htm (4831 words)

	Iraqi Dinar Exchange Rate : 2007 Dinar Iraqi : Dinar Forum : DinarTrade.com
		The first bank was the Imperial Bank of Persia (headquarters London, England), in Baghdad, in May 1890.
		The second bank was the Ottoman Bank, which opened a Baghdad branch in 1892; its notes do not seem to have circulated widely until it established the branch.
		The central bank suspended foreign-exchange dealings on 16 August 1971 and resumed on 23 August 1971, but licensed dealers were authorized to continue certain transactions.
	www.dinartrade.com /iraqmonetaryhistory.htm (1451 words)

	A Persian Tragedy: Mossadeq's Fight for National Sovereignty
		In the case of Iran (or Persia, as it was known until the 20th Century), a pattern emerges time and again, whereby external influences, in the form of colonial or imperial subjugation, loot the country's riches, thereby triggering a response in the form of a national upsurge or revolution, to expel the foreign oppressors.
		Although Persia was never, formally speaking, a colony, or part of the British Empire, its entire national patrimony was sold off time and again to the British, who thereby became de facto rulers.
		Persia's oil revenues were calculated as a percentage of the company's profits."[10] The country did not even get oil from APOC for domestic consumption, but had to import it from the Soviet Union!
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2005/3243_mossadeq.html (11701 words)

	HSBC Bank Middle East Company Profile - Zawya.com Company Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		HSBC is one of the main international banks in the Middle East with an extensive network of branches and several affiliates across the region.
		The bank's nvolvement with the Middle East dates back to 1889 when the Imperial Bank of Persia was set up in London, but the strong presence was only achieved in 1959, when HSBC acquired the British Bank of the Middle East.
		The bank's head office is in Jersey, while operational control is exercised through a Middle East management office in Dubai.
	www.zawya.com /cm/profile.cfm?companyid=1001528 (180 words)

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