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Topic: Imperial Court in Kyoto

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Bakufu

Shogun

Edo castle

Emperor of Japan

Kamakura shogunate

Meiji Era

Emperor Meiji

Kyoto

Tokugawa shoguns

Imperial Household of Japan

Minamoto no Yoritomo

Meiji Restoration

Boshin War

Late Tokugawa shogunate

Danish Council of State

	Emperor of Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The acceptable imperial wives, brides for an emperor and for a crown prince, were even legislated into the Meiji-era imperial house laws, which stipulated that daughters of Sekke (the five main branches of the higher Fujiwara) and daughters of the imperial clan itself were primarily acceptable brides.
		A scion of the Fushimi house succeeded to the Kan'in house in 1884.
		Imperial daughters and granddaughters, however, usually ascended the throne as a sort of a "stop gap" measure - if a suitable male was not available or some imperial branches were in rivalry so that a compromise was needed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_of_Japan (4077 words)

	Emperor System (State Shinto) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The imperial institution in Japan was from its beginning legitimated by the divine descent of the imperial family and the protection afforded to the nation by the emperor's adherence to the Buddhist Law.
		Affairs of state were conducted by regents from the court nobility and from 1192 onwards by the shoguns (military rulers), the first of whom established his government in Kamakura, well away from the imperial court at Kyoto.
		Local shrine rituals were synchronised with those of the imperial court, Shinto-style rites for the emperor were conducted in schools and government buildings and each parishioner of a local shrine was automatically also a parishioner of the Ise Jingu, the shrine to the imperial ancestor Amaterasu.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/shinto/state.html (526 words)

	Imperial Court in Kyoto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Kyoto Gosho, but this is disputed.
		Imperial Court in Kyoto was the nominal ruling government of Japan from 794 until the Meiji Era, in which the court was moved to Tokyo and was integrated into the Meiji government.
		Since Minamoto no Yoritomo launched the shogunate, the true power had been in the hand of the Shoguns, who were mistaken several times for the Emperors of Japan by the Chinese government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial_Court_in_Kyoto (117 words)

	1996 AAS Abstracts: Japan Session 173 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although the shogunate controlled parts of the imperial budget and the court is commonly thought to have declined to a threadbare state, imperial dependence on the shogunate was not complete.
		The various court ceremonies, traditions, and the existence of the emperor and the court itself, gave the Muromachi state the legitimacy that it needed to survive.
		Aspects of the conscious effort to glorify the imperial court are evident in the arts of the cultural milieu surrounding the emperors Goyôzei (1571-1617) and Gomizunoo (1596-1680).
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1996abst/japan/j173.htm (1278 words)

	Shinjuku Gyoen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shinjuku Gyoen (新宿御苑, Shinjuku Imperial Gardens) is a national park with an eminent garden in Shinjuku (Tokyo, Japan).
		The jurisdiction over Imperial Palace Outer Garden and the Kyoto imperial garden was moved to the Ministry of Health and Welfare with Shinjuku Imperial Gardens in 1947.
		It was at May 21, 1949 that general was open to the public as "National park Shinjuku Imperial Gardens".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shinjuku_Gyoen (167 words)

	Encyclopedia: Onmyodo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Until the middle of 19th century when Onmyodo was prohibited as superstition, it was under control of the imperial government, and then later its courtiers Tsuchimikado family.
		The imperial court felt need to those service and hence a need of Onmyoji as laity arose.
		Their court responsibilities ranged from simple tasks such as keeping track of the calendar, to mystical chores such as divination and protection of the capital from evil spirits.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Onmyodo (1747 words)

	The Emperor of Japan and the Imperial Institution
		Imperial legitimisation for this situation took the form of a commission from the emperor naming the head of the Minamoto family to the office of seii tai shogun, or "barbarian-subduing generalissimo", and thus by implication granting him absolute authority over territories and population beyond the reach of the much reduced imperial power.
		The material circumstances of the imperial house reached their nadir in the course of the Muromachi period (1336-1573) and the Imperial Palace was destroyed in the disastrous Onin War (1467-77).
		Their stress on the centrality of the imperial house within the Japanese polity proved to be an explosive concept in the mid-19th century, when it combined with the crisis touched off by Western pressure to "open" Japan to foreign trade and diplomacy.
	www.embjapan.dk /spotlight/Emperor_history.htm (1747 words)

	kyoto
		Kyoto was the capital or Heian Kyo of Japan from 794 until the transfer of the government to Tokyo in 1868 at the time of the Imperial Restoration.
		During the 8th century, when the powerful Buddhist clergy became meddlesome in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence.
		Kyoto is home to the main headquarters of Nintendo, as well as its domestic division, Nintendo of Japan.
	www.fact-library.com /kyoto.html (672 words)

	Shogun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At the launch of the Kamakura shogunate, the shogun seized power from the Imperial Court in Kyoto, becoming the practical ruler of Japan until the Meiji Restoration.
		Originally, the title of Seii Taishogun was given to military commanders during the early Heian Period for the duration of military campaigns against the Emishi who resisted the governance of the Imperial court based in Kyoto.
		The military wing of the government came to dominate the civil (imperial) government, so that while the Emperors of Japan still technically led the government, all practical (and especially military) power rested with the shogun and the daimyo.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Bakufu (912 words)

	shogun on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The imperial court at Kyoto continued to exist, but effective power and actual administration were in the hands of the hereditary shoguns.
		The shogunate was held in turn by the Minamoto family and their successors, with their capital at Kamakura (1192-1333); the Ashikaga, with their capital at Kyoto (1338-1597); and the Tokugawa, with their capital at Yedo (Tokyo) after 1603.
		The overthrow of the shogun in 1867 brought the Meiji restoration and the beginning of modern Japan.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/shogun.asp (470 words)

	Kyoto Printmakers
		Kyoto had not been a center of ukiyo-e printmaking like Tokyo or Osaka until the end of the 19th century.
		But Kyoto had been important for painting in traditional style and for book printing and illustrations (for which the identical woodblock technique was used).
		Kyoto had and still has a very solid infrastructure for training in handicraft and fine arts.
	www.artelino.com /articles/kyoto-printmakers.asp (1145 words)

	muromachi-p
		Political rights under a control of the Imperial Court were taken away by Muromachi shogunate gradually, and the power of shogun became stronger.
		Kyoto, where the Shogunate was, turned into a scene of battle and was devastated.
		Many court noble and monks got out of the war and moved to the provinces; therefore, a culture flourished in Kyoto was spread to the provinces.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/japan/muromachi/muromachi-p.htm (2557 words)

	Imperial court (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		_ A government panel on imperial succession issues will compile in late July an interim report on main points involved in a proposal to allow a female to ascend the throne, the head of the panel said Thursday.
		WASHINGTON -- For the last decade of her 24-year Supreme Court career, retiring Justice Sandra Day O'Connor has been the most powerful American woman ever to hold public office -- casting pivotal votes on such hotly contested matters as abortion, states rights, the death penalty, government involvement with religion, and the rights of suspected terrorists.
		Louis Leroy, who has a walk-on part in Philip Mansel's history of court costume, began work as an accessories hand for Marie Antoinette's couturier, then escaped the French revolution by using his talents in service of the stage and theatrical republican regimes.
	www.infothis.com /find/Imperial_court (227 words)

	Matsutake
		During the 11th century in the Imperial Court of Kyoto, women were prohibited from saying "matsutake" openly but instead were required to speak of it with the honorific marker "0," as O-Matsu.
		Until the 17th and 18th centuries, matsutake consumption was strictly limited to the imperial court.
		Later, based on the priest's diary, Professor M. Hamada of Kyoto University was able to approximate the seasonal precipitation, temperature conditions, age and ecological status of the mountain forest from 1636 to 1667 (Ohara 1994).
	www.matsiman.com /ancienttradition.htm (278 words)

	Japan. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Yamato priest-chief assumed the dignity of an emperor, and an imposing capital city, modeled on the T’ang capital, was erected at Nara, to be succeeded by an equally imposing capital at Kyoto.
		After brief fighting, the boy emperor Meiji was “restored” to power in the Meiji restoration (1868), and the imperial capital was transferred from Kyoto to Tokyo.
		The old myths of imperial and racial divinity, rediscovered by scholars in the Tokugawa period, were revived, and the sentiment of loyalty to the emperor was actively propagated by the new government.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ja/Japan.html (5901 words)

	Hollyhock Festival (Aoi Matsuri) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On the day of the festival procession, imperial shrines, the dress of the people taking part in the procession, the imperial carriage, the carts and the horses and oxen drawing them, are all decorated with leaves and branches of the hollyhock plant.
		She is accompanied by imperial servants, the aristocracy, carriages, horses and oxen, all adorned with a wide variety of ornate decorations that are reminiscent of the ancient court.
		Led by the Imperial Messenger and other representatives of the old imperial court, the procession leaves Kyoto Imperial Palace and heads northward, unfolding a panorama of the Heian court along the way.
	raku.city.kyoto.jp /data/cssys/bulletin/aoi04_e.html (429 words)

	Japanese history: Kamakura Period
		After Yoritomo's death in 1199, quarrels for supremacy started between the Bakufu of Kamakura and the Imperial court in Kyoto.
		The emperor and the remaining governmental offices in Kyoto lost practically all effective power.
		By 1333 the power of the Hojo regents had declined to such a degree that the emperor Go-Daigo was able to restore imperial power and overthrow the Kamakura Bakufu.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2133.html (572 words)

	Vista View Jan 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Fujiwara dominated political and cultural life at the imperial court in Kyoto for two centuries.
		During the Heian period of Japanese history (900-1185), however, there was a rise in power of the warrior class (samurai), and a corresponding decline in the fortunes of the Fujiwara nobility, although, their rank did not change.
		It was therefore not uncommon at that time for the offspring of the aristocracy, especially those in declining circumstances, to enter the monastery at a young age.
	www.vbtemple.org /vistaview/2003/vv0301.htm (889 words)

	Japan Civil War 1863-1868
		The civil war culminated in 1868 in the overthrow of the Tokugawa government and the restoration of the rule of the Emperor.
		Outmaneuvered by the young Meiji emperor, who succeeded to the throne in 1867, and a few court nobles who maintained close ties with Satsuma and Choshu, the shogun faced the choice of giving up his lands, which would risk revolt from his vassals, or appearing disobedient, which would justify punitive measures against him.
		In January 1868 the principal daimyo were summoned to Kyoto to learn of the restoration of imperial rule.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/juliet/japan1863.htm (829 words)

	Kamakura
		However, there was also the Imperial Court in Kyoto at the same time when the Shogunate existed.
		A political power of the Imperial Court started to become weak due to the foundation of Kamakura shogunate; however, the political power was still strong.
		Moreover, an Imperial prince was chosen as a shogun by the Hojo.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/japan/kamakura/kamakura-p.html (1196 words)

	Emperor of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The role of the Emperor of Japan (天皇;, tennō) alternated between that of a high-rank cleric with largely symbolic powers and that of an actual imperial ruler, from the dawn of history until the mid-twentieth century.
		His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Akihito, has been on the throne since his father Hirohito died in 1989.
		The residence of the Japanese Emperor has been the Kokyo palace, which is located in central Tokyo, since the mid-nineteenth century.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/emperor_of_japan (1178 words)

	Articles - Tokugawa shogunate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Despite the establishment of the shogunate, the emperor in Kyoto was still the legitimate ruler of Japan.
		The administration (taisei, 体制) of Japan was a task given by the imperial Court in Kyoto to the Tokugawa family, which they returned to the court in the Meiji restoration.
		They supervised the ōmetsuke, machibugyō, ongokubugyō and other officials, oversaw relations with the Imperial Court in Kyoto, kuge (members of the nobility), daimyo, temples and shrines, and attended to matters like divisions of fiefs.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Tokugawa_shoguns (2902 words)

	Japanese Culture - Royalty - The Imperial Family
		A combination of efforts to free the emperor from the web of entrenched bureaucracy and the court's increasing preoccupation with the pursuit of the arts and literature led to a situation where the real power was held by those occupying the posts of regent, for emperors not yet of age, and chief advisor.
		While the Tokugawa's ruled from Edo (now Tokyo), the imperial court was in Kyoto and performed duties that, while important to the shogunate, were mostly religious rituals.
		The Imperial Household Agency is the official office of the Imperial family.
	www.japan-zone.com /culture/imperial.shtml (1424 words)

	Ukita Ikkei: Tale of a Strange Marriage (57.156.7) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Unmistakable visual references to one of the most treasured handscrolls of the aristocratic tradition—Miracles of the Kasuga Shrine, completed in 1309 by the court painter Takashina Takakane—and to a later tradition of goblin tales would have intensified the horrific satire for the painter, Ukita Ikkei, and his circle.
		Ikkei, who painted for the imperial court in Kyoto and had earlier copied the original Kasuga scroll, took scenes from that work as the setting for this vision of sacrilege inspired by deeply felt opposition to the proposed marriage of the shogun Iemochi into the imperial family.
		Supposedly intended to inspire the court faction to prevent the marriage, this scroll's text was never completed because of Ikkei's arrest, presumably for defamation, and his subsequent death in 1859.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ho/10/eaj/hod_57.156.7.htm (264 words)

	Heian Period
		Concerned that in time the Imperial house would grow to an unmanageable size and cost, Temmu declared that descendants of the emperors in the sixth generation were to be deprived of the rank of prince and instead receive a family name.
		The court had at one time moved to limit the potential power of the clans by decreeing that weapons were to be restricted to the Imperial military or otherwise regulated by the Ministry of Military Affairs (the Hyôbûsho).
		The Court was pleased that the Kiyowara had been suppressed, but viewed the conflict as outside the Court's responsibility, as technically Yoshiie had not been commissioned by the emperor to fight.
	www.samurai-archives.com /HeianPeriod.html (4930 words)

	Plutschow - Japanese Tea Ceremony
		During the Heian period, for example, the heads of the imperial bureau of poetry (waka-dokoro) and that of music saw to it that high standards would be met and maintained, especially at important ceremonial occasions.
		The decline of the court in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries resulted in a heightened level of criticism and ritual professionalism, as if to say that the state depends on the artistic perfection of ritual.
		It is, like the stone garden of the Ryoan-ji temple in Kyoto, a reduction of phenomenal variety to some fundamental, simple elements, such as stones and sand, suggestive of the basic unity and simplicity that underlie all things and which we all share, wherever we may be or whatever position in society we may occupy.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/anthropoetics/ap0501/tea.htm (8706 words)

	Thinking The South Imperial Court. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1334, the new Administration of Kenmu aimed to restore Imperial rule, but it was not easily established against the background of power struggles inside the samurai class.
		The ruined Imperial Palace in Anou near the plum orchards is thought to have been the Imperial accommodation of three emperors of the Southern Court at that time.
		The tablet with the words "Anou Palace Ruins" hanging at the straw-thatched gate of the Anou palace ruins is written by Torataro Yoshimura, an officer in Tenchu group at the end of the Edo period.
	www.vill.nishiyoshino.nara.jp /e_imperial.html (362 words)

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