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Topic: Imperial Crown of Russia

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	Imperial Crown of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Imperial Crown of Russia is the crown that was used to crown Emperors of Russia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1917.
		The imperial crown was first used by Emperor Peter I of Russia and last used in 1896 to crown Emperor Nicholas II of Russia.
		The prayer of the metropolitan, similar to that of the Patriarch of Constantinople for the Byzantine Emperor, confirmed the imperial supremacy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial_Crown_of_Russia (657 words)

	Imperial State Crown - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cross atop the Crown is set with a stone known as St. Edward's Sapphire, a sapphire taken from the ring (or possibly coronet) of Edward the Confessor.
		The current Imperial State Crown was manufactured for the coronation of King George VI in 1937.
		The frames of the old Imperial State Crowns of, among others, Kings George I, George IV and Queen Victoria are kept in the Tower of London.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial_State_Crown (563 words)

	Imperial Crown of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Imperial State Crown of Russia was commissioned for the Coronation of Catherine II in 1762.
		Made and designed by Jeremie Pauzie - the Crown Jeweller, the crown is based upon an ancient Byzantine design - 2 half spheres representing the eastern and western empires of Rome, connected by a garland of oak leaves and acorns which represent the temporal power of the monarchy, surmounted by a large spinel.
		The Imperial Crown of Russia - Cufflinks £12.95 (CF5)
	www.crownminiatures.com /imperialcrownofr.html (96 words)

	RUSSIA
		The Varangians/Russes got to Russia through their technology, the sailing ships that could actually take them to Greenland; but they came to rule the area through forms of large scale political organization that may have been rudimentary compared to Francia and Romania, but were beyond anything seen previously east of Moravia.
		Russia would then always be hindered by autocratic government that alternatively smothered dissent and innovation and then, alarmed at the backwardness of the country, attempted to impose top-down reforms and development -- which then would be resisted by a national conservatism that the government in its phase of being threatened by change would have loved.
		Russia was as weary of war as a country could be, but the Provisional Government decided to stay in the war against Germany.
	www.friesian.com /russia.htm (8993 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		Luckily the imperial crown was spared the fate of many other crowns and not broken up after the death of the emperor in 1612.
		Eight diamonds decorate the crown: eight is a holy number referring to the octagonal body of the imperial crown; the diamond is a symbol of Christ.
		The crown is comprised of two main parts: a broad circlet with a wreath of fleurs-de-lis and a closed, spherical helmet rising from it.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Austrian_Crown_Jewels_.html (2134 words)

	The Crown Council of Ethiopia
		As a result, it is the Crown Council, chaired in exile by HIH Prince Ermias Sahle-Selassie Haile Selassie, a grandson of the late Emperor, which is the “voice of the Crown”.
		Significantly, it was Crown Prince Asfa Wossen’s 1993 revitalisation of the Council and his appointment of Prince Ermias which gave continued life and hope to the Monarchy and ensured that the institution was left with a legal structure and leadership.
		The Emperor is represented by the Viceroy or the President of the Imperial Crown Council, indicating that the Throne of Solomon is not vacant nor in abeyance.
	www.ethiopiancrown.org /crown.htm (4015 words)

	The Russian Crown Jewels
		The Great Imperial Crown was made by a skilled court jeweller Jeremia Posier for the Empress Catherine II the Great's Coronation in 1762.
		The crown is also decorated with one of the seven historic stones of the Russia's Diamond Collection - a large precious red spinel weighing 398.72 carats which was brought to Russia by Nicholas Spafary, the Russian envoy to China from 1675 to 1678.
		In 1829, the Shah was given to Czar Nicholas I of Russia by the Persian Government in appeasement for the assassination of the Russian Ambassador, Alexander Griboyedoff, in Teheren; thus, it became part of the Crown Jewels of that country.
	famousdiamonds.tripod.com /russiancrownjewels.html (628 words)

	Russia - Imperial Crown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Crown of Russia was created by the court jeweller Jeremie Pauzie in 1762 for the coronation of Catherine II (Catherine the Great).
		It was not completed in time for use at the ceremony, but was later used as the Imperial Crown of Russia until 1917.
		The crown is based upon an ancient Byzantine design - 2 half spheres representing the eastern and western Empires of Rome, connected by a garland of oak leaves and acorns which represent the temporal power of the monarchy.
	www.crownminiatures.com /russia-imperialc.html (342 words)

	Russia's Crown Jewels: The Royal Martyr Children
		The crown of Imperial Russia was one of the most resplendent in the world, shining with precious jewels and symbolizing a mighty nation that covered one-sixth of the globe.
		And adorning this unique and magnificent crown were the most sparkling and wondrous jewels of all: the royal children-martyrs.
		He was born in 1904, in response to prayers offered by the Imperial family and the entire faithful populace during the days of glorification of Saint Seraphim of Sarov, asking God to grant Russia an heir.
	www.roca.org /OA/146/146h.htm (1764 words)

	Russia and the Axis of Evil: Money, Ambition, and U.S. Interests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Russia today is close to Germany and France on issues of Iran and Iraq, despite Moscow’s rejection of EU-style multilateralism, and recognition of the value of national sovereignty and the concept of national interests that some of the Europeans seem to lack..
		Russia wants to build the pipeline to the Pacific port of Nakhodka, allowing it to diversify its customer base and export to Japan, Korea and the U.S. Opposition to the United States’ status as the sole superpower is not the only driver behind the developing strategic partnership between Moscow and Beijing.
		Russia is in a similar position as it enters the ninth year of conflict in Chechnya.
	www.heritage.org /Research/RussiaandEurasia/test022603.cfm (8040 words)

	Royal & Imperial Russia
		To many people, it seemed that Russia was being governed not by Nicholas and his ministers, but by his "scheming" wife, aided and abetted by the "evil" Rasputin.
		In return, she became an object of hatred and suspicion throughout Russia, dismissed contemptuously as "the German woman" and suspected by many of being a spy for Russia's greatest enemy.
		It was rumored that the revolutionaries were anxious to get their hands on the Tsarina and her son, to hold them hostage in case the tide of favor turned against them.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/russia/na5.html (2072 words)

	HISTORY OF THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN DYNASTY
		Succession is by male primogeniture in the legitimate descendants born of approved marriages to persons "of corresponding dignity" of Tsar Paul I; on the death of the last male, the throne (or Headship of the House) passes to his nearest female relative and thereafter by the same system (Art 27).
		generation Grand Dukes are Princes or Princesses of the Blood Imperial (styled Prince or Princess of Russia) with the title Highness (this qualification then descending by male primogeniture to subsequent generations), yr sons and daughters of subsequent generations have the title Serene Highness.
		Head of the Imperial House of Russia, with the predicate, for the spouse and eldest son, of Serene Highness.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/gotha/russhist.htm (1075 words)

	Russian geography and history: Imperial Russia
		Russia's great power status obscured the inefficiency of its government, the isolation of its people, and its economic backwardness.
		Since playing a major role in the defeat of Napoleon, Russia had been regarded as militarily invincible, but the reverses it suffered on land and sea in the Crimean War exposed the decay and weakness of Tsar Nicholas' regime.
		Russia was paralyzed, and the government was desperate.
	www.guidetorussia.org /geopolitics/imperial-russia.shtml (2719 words)

	Imperial flag (Russia, 1858-1883)
		Hence the flag intended for unrestricted use was rarely seen in prerevolutionary Russia, while the flag restricted to special occasions was in fact the most likely to be hoisted whenever private citizens wished to express their nationality by displaying a flag on land.
		Black and yellow were the Imperial colors; the white stripe was added to distinguish this flag from the Imperial Austrian "Reich" and war flag, which was a fl-yellow horizontal bicolor.
		In a previous program (on Russian TV channel Kulhtura) was shown a very intersting flag: the well known “imperial flag”, with fl, golden and white stripes, bearing centrally a red shield charged with a golden capital hand-written cyrillic "E" and crowned imperial, standing for Ekaterina (russian for Catherine).
	www.fotw.us /flags/ru_bow.html (809 words)

	Random Works of the Web » Blog Archive » Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Imperial State Crown was made in 1937 for King George VI, and was similar to the one made in 1838 for Queen Victoria.
		The present Crown is made of gold and includes four crosses pattee and four fleurs-de-lis, with two arches on top, surmounted by a cross pattee.
		The final new consort’s crown in the 20th century was manufactured for Queen Elizabeth, consort of crown King George VI, who along with her husband was crowned in 1937.
	random.dragonslife.org /crown-jewels-of-the-united-kingdom/5081 (1599 words)

	UkraineTour - Travel to Ukraine and Russia - Accommodation, Transportation and Guide Services
		It is the economic, political and cultural center of Russia and the seat of the Russian government.
		It is a city in which one comes face to face with all that is finest and all that is most frustrating in Russia.
		The gregarious geniality of its people is as evident as the extreme tensions of a city coming to terms with the confusion of rapid social change.
	www.ukrainetour.com /index2.php?obj=city&name=Russia&mode=description&ID_city=1&unrolled=false (307 words)

	Imperial Russia
		A handsome enameled medal with the crown of the Tsar under the suspension ring.
		The style is typical of the Volga Cossacks and probably was the dagger of a hetman or brotherhood chieftain.
		This is a very nice and inexpensive Imperial Russian treasure that is a reminder of the glory that was tsarist Russia before the dark days of the reds fell upon it.
	www.germaniainternational.com /russia3.html (2443 words)

	Russian Revolution of 1917, series of events in imperial Russia that culminated in 1917 with the establishment of the ...
		Russian Revolution of 1917, series of events in imperial Russia that culminated in 1917 with the establishment of the Soviet state that became known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
		The growing breakdown of supply, made worse by the almost complete isolation of Russia from its prewar markets, was felt especially in the major cities, which were flooded with refugees from the front.
		Some land committees were dissolved by the government; the death penalty, abolished during the first days of the revolution, was restored in the fighting zones although not enforced; and the convocation of the constituent assembly was postponed to the end of November.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/russianrev.html (4539 words)

	Poland, 1815: Preventing Violent Conflict: Teaching Guides: For The Classroom: Education: U.S. Institute of Peace
		Prussia, Russia, and Austria divided the Kingdom of Poland among themselves in three partitions that took place between 1772 and 1795.
		Russia acquired the eastern provinces of Poland, including Baltic and Ukrainian lands.
		Article 2: The crown of the kingdom of Poland is hereditary in Our person and in those of Our descendants, heirs and successors, on the basis of the order of succession established for the imperial throne of Russia.
	www.usip.org /class/guides/preventing_poland.html (1418 words)

	Russian Medals
		The order was awarded to officers and generals for special gallantry, such as, personally leading his troops in rout of a superior enemy force, or capturing a fortress, etc. Before membership in the Order could be granted, a candidate's case had to be investigated by a council composed of Knights of the Order.
		The Congress of Vienna (1815) recreated the Kingdom of Poland, with Czar Alexander of Russia appointed as King of Poland.
		Provisional Government's White Eagle, the imperial crown was removed -- replaced by a bow.
	www.gwpda.org /medals/russmedl/russia.html (1971 words)

	The Fate of the Romanovs: The Survivors
		She was permitted to leave Russia with her lady-in-waiting and maid through the intervention of the Danish government in December 1918.
		The Grand Duchess Marie, known as the "grandest of the grand duchesses" had refused to leave Russia on any ship that was going to dock in Constantinople for fear that she would be subjected to the indignity of delousing.
		With the departure of the Grand Duchess Marie and her son in February 1920, the Romanov family which had ruled Russia since 1613 was decisively removed from a position of world influence and importance.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/russia/survivor.html (3978 words)

	Imperialism: globalisation, the state and war. By John Rees
		Brzezinski's 'three grand imperatives of imperial geostrategy' are 'to prevent collusion and maintain security among the vassals, to keep tributaries pliant and protected, and to keep the barbarians from coming together'.
		Russia released a new defence doctrine calling for stronger defence arrangements with the former Soviet states and a major increase in defence spending.
		In each of the major wars of the last decade a section of the left has effectively sided with imperialism because it equated undemocratic and authoritarian regimes that were the victims of imperialism with imperialism itself.
	www.internationalsocialists.org /imperialism_marxism.htm (11744 words)

	Group tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Home of legendary Red Square and the Moscow Kremlin - Russia’s bastion of political power; Ivan the Terrible, unashamedly cheap vodka and caviar, the incomparable Bolshoi Ballet and St Petersburg, the jewel in Russia’s Imperial Crown.
		Russia might seem like a million miles away but surprisingly it’s just 3 hours by air from the UK, and perfect for those seeking a cultural holiday with a difference.
		It’s the trip that gives you Russia in orbit - from Moscow to Moscow via the land in between.
	www.onthegotours.com /Group_Tours_new (260 words)

	Damn Interesting » Wilting at the Sign of the Cross
		I thought it was bad when Russia began copy the not-so-very-best things from our Western culture like rap, graphite moderated nuclear reactors, cellphones, and McDonald’s on every bloody corner, but now they have gone and started their own march toward political correctness.
		They have finally decided that the crosses crowning the two-headed eagles and the orb of said coat of arms are really offensive as they are representative of the Russian Orthodox Church.
		The crowns worn by the eagle are very similar to the Imperial Crown of Russia.
	www.damninteresting.com /?p=254 (692 words)

	Russia dest page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Russia - home of the treasures of the tsars, Peter the Great, Ivan the Terrible, some of the best vodka you’ll ever taste, Moscow and its legendary Red Square and Kremlin; the incomparable Bolshoi and Kirov Ballet, St Petersburg-the jewel in Russia’s Imperial crown and the subject of countless evil espionage stories.
		Experience the uniqueness and difference of Russia and all it has to offer with like-minded travellers.
		Our established group tours, escorted by a trip leader, are ideal for a colourful and cultural visit to Russia.
	www.russiaonthego.com (286 words)

	Tervetuloa Haikon Kartanoon
		During the Russian rule at the turn of the century several members of the Russian imperial family visited Haikko during the summers.
		He was the nearest aspirant to the imperial crown of Russia and he became later the head of the Romanov family.
		He was also invited to the court of Russia to paint the portraits of the members of the Imperial Family.
	www.haikko.fi /info/en_GB/history (449 words)

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