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Topic: Imperial Germans

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Reichsdeutsche

Ethnic German

Organised persecution of ethnic Germans

Old High German

Auslandsdeutsche

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Baltic German

Federation of Expellees

Expulsion of Germans after World War II

German exodus from Eastern Europe

Evacuation of East Prussia

Pennsylvania German language

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	Imperial Germans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Imperial Germans is the common translation of the German word Reichsdeutsche (adj.
		However, Imperial Germans visiting the Baltic provinces in the late 19th Century, for instance, resented the claims of the Baltic Germans to be German — for the Germans from Germany, to be German meant to be a citizen of the Reich, while for the Baltic Germans, it meant cultural-historical belonging.
		The opposite of Imperial Germans is, then, depending on context and historical period, Volksdeutsche, Auslandsdeutsche, or a more specific term denoting the area of settlement, such as Baltic Germans or Russian Germans (Wolgadeutsche).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial_Germans (393 words)

	Germans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Germans (German: die Deutschen), or the German people, are a nation in the meaning an ethnos (in German: Volk), defined more by a sense of sharing a common German culture and having a German mother tongue, than by citizenship or by being subjects to any particular country.
		The result was German colonization as far East as in Romania and Slavonic colonization as far west as to present-day Lübeck, at the Baltic Sea, Hamburg (connected to the North Sea) and along the rivers Elbe–Saale further South.
		In addition, a significant number of German citizens (close to 5%), although traditionally considered ethnic Germans, are in fact foreign-born and thus often retain the cultural identities and languages or their native countries, a fact that clearly sets them apart from those born and raised in Germany, in the eyes of the latter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germans (1534 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Germany
		German history in the Middle Ages was strongly influenced by two opposing principles: universalism and individualism.
		Charlemagne's German policy, therefore, was not a mere brute conquest, but a union which was to be strengthened by the ties of morality and culture to be created by the Christian religion.
		An Imperial Chamber was established as a perpetual supreme court for the maintenance of the public peace, and the appointments to it were made by the emperor and the Estates of the empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06484b.htm (20891 words)

	ireland.com / Today / News in Focus / War on Iraq
		Germans have learned the ability to put their defeat and suffering in second place to those of their victims.
		In it, he records the flight of the Germans at the end of the war, comparing their situation to the retreat of a crab, going backwards.
		The Germans simply don't trust the merits of the short blitzkrieg, because there will always be another one to follow until it all comes home to their own children.
	www.ireland.com /focus/iraq/comment/comment1.htm (2270 words)

	Germans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Germans''' (German languageGerman: '''''die Deutschen)'' is a nation in the meaning ''an ethnos'' (in German: ''Volk),'' defined more by a sense of sharing a common German culture and having a German languageGerman mother tongue, than by citizenship or by being subjects to any particular country/.
		The Germans are a Germanic people, that is held to have expanded from Jutland and the southern shores of the Baltic Sea before the Migrations Period.
		German gays and lesbians marching in the northern city of Hamburg say they have set a new world record for a group hug, with 16,000 people embracing each other for 10 seconds.
	www.infothis.com /find/Germans (1684 words)

	Imperial Germans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It refers to German citizen s, and by the word sense means people coming from the German Empire, i.e.
		Part of the identity of ethnic German minorities living abroad — a classic example are the Baltic Germans — was to define themselves as German, using the pre-1871 concept.
		However, Imperial Germans visiting the Baltic provinces in the late 19th Century, for instance, resented the claims of the Baltic Germans to be German — for the Germans from Germany, to be German meant to be a citizen of the Reich, while for the Baltic Germans, it meant cultural-historical belonging.
	33beat.com /Imperial_Germans.html (403 words)

	Volksdeutsche Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Catherine II of RussiaCatherine the Great, who was herself German, invited German farmers to immigrate and settle in Russian lands along the Volga River which had recently been conquered from the Ottoman Empire.
		Tiny remnants of the ethnic German community remain in the former Soviet UnionSoviet republics in Central Asia.
		The Volga Germans were granted an autonomous republic after the Russian Revolution but the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished by Stalin after Operation Barbarossathe Nazi invasion of the USSR with many of its inhabitants being deported to Siberia.
	www.echostatic.com /Volksdeutsche.html (903 words)

	Germans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1871, Prussia attracted even Bavaria at the founding of her German Empire, and the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy was effectively excluded from the attempt to create a German nation state.
		From this and on, the connotation of Germans came to shift gradually from "speakers of the German language" to "Imperial Germans" and today "nationals of the Federal Republic of Germany".
		Recent changes in citizenship laws and the increased visibility of non-ethnic German minorities would seem to indicate that the concept of who is a German is slowly moving away from one that centered entirely on ethnicity and heritage to a concept based more on nationality (i.e.
	33beat.com /Germans.html (538 words)

	Volksdeutsche biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Catherine the Great, who was herself German, invited German farmers to immigrate and settle in Russian lands along the Volga River which had recently been conquered from the Ottoman Empire.
		The Volga Germans were granted an autonomous republic after the Russian Revolution but the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished by Stalin after the Nazi invasion of the USSR with many of its inhabitants being deported to Siberia.
		Imperial Germans, for a discussion of the different concepts and the shift of meaning between them.
	volksdeutsche.biography.ms (906 words)

	Savage and Soldier Online
		The Germans attempted a peace policy of negotiation, even removing Wissmann as commissioner for being too militant, but their efforts were rebuffed.
		The German forces, with only 588 askaris and 458 police in the south, were powerless to contain it, one-fifth of the colony soon was in the hands of the rebels.
		A successful ambush on a German column crossing the Ruhuji River by the Bena kept the rebellion alive in the southwest, but the Germans were not to be denied for long.
	www.savageandsoldier.com /articles/africa/GermanWars.html (4718 words)

	[No title]
		Bavaria at the founding of her German Empire, and the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy was effectively excluded from the attempt to create a German nation state.
		The majority of Germans continue to hold the view that a person require at least one German parent to be considered "German" but this view at least allows some visible minorities to be considered German, especially children of mixed heritage.
		Recent changes in citizenship laws and the increased visibility of non-ethnic German minorities would seem to indicate that the concept of who is a German is slowly moving away from one that centered entirely on ethnicity and heritage to a concept based more on
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Germans (499 words)

	Ezion-Geber's Home Page - Preussen Gloria - Prussia, Understanding Compiègne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is not to cover-up unrighteousness of any kind, whether it be the German violation of Belgium's neutrality in 1914 or any other ungodly act performed by any of the combattants, for as we all know, war brings out the worst and best in everyone and on every side.
		Elsass-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine) was seized by France and the German population oppressed.
		Germans and French, both Israelite nations like Britain, are brethren, and indeed were one nation - the word 'France' comes from 'Frank', a German name.
	www.nccg.org /ezion_geber/preussen5.html (1603 words)

	Teranodon visioneering on Imperial South Russia (Novorossiya), i.e. Northern Black Sea Region, with special attention ...
		To the north were the historic Ukrainian lands that Imperial Russia administered as "Little Russia", with the provinces of Kiev, Poltava, Kharkov, and Chernigov, plus those in "West Russia" that it administered with the provinces of Podolia and Volhnynia.
		For puposes of this project the region north of the Black Sea is within the borders of the provinces of Imperial South Russia from Bessarabia to Ekaterninoslav, plus the Rostov portion of the Territory of the Don Cossacks, as well as the western potion of Kuban in Caucasia.
		The commonly accepted history of this region was filtered through the lens of Russian imperialism until the collapse of the Soviet system.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/4123/krim.htm (924 words)

	The Sick Socialist Swastika is exposed !
		The myth was refuted by the historic discovery that the salute of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis) came from a socialist in the USA who used the military salute as part of the original pledge of allegiance.
		The myth was refuted by the historic discovery that the salute of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazis) came from a national socialist in the USA who used a straight-arm salute as part of the original pledge of allegiance.
		It is fascinating to think that of the gazillion times and ways that the National Socialist German Workers Party referred to the symbol of their socialism, many people failed to grasp the full import of what they were saying, and that the words also referred to the "S" shapes of the symbol.
	rexcurry.net /swastikanews.html (7799 words)

	Europe's 12th-Century Development by Sanderson Beck
		The imperial conflict with the church continued as Pope Paschal II (1099-1118) repeated Heinrich's excommunication and deposition in 1102.
		Albert the Bear and several German bishops along with contingents from Poland and Bohemia crossed the Elbe; but these violent efforts were also motivated by personal profit, and they proved counter-productive to the efforts of the Christian missionaries, as the German colonists suffered a severe famine also.
		The Hohenstaufen Conrad in fighting for the German throne invaded northern Italy to claim the disputed territories of the late Matilda, and he was excommunicated by Honorius, who died in 1130.
	www.san.beck.org /AB20-Europe12thCentury.html (23598 words)

	Rafa03
		Though the Germans (the Reichswehr not the Wehrmacht) trained the Chinese Nationalist Army, their legacy was the coal scuttle helmet (and Tsingtao beer.) During the 30's, the fledgling Chinese Republic's military was trained by the Germans who had a long tradition in China, especially in the Northeastern province of Shantung.
		When the Germans first muscled in after the Opium Wars one of the first things they did was set up a brewery which continues to produce beer to this day.
		Next time you're in the supermarket or a Chinese restaurant you can try a taste of history, beer from a brewery set up by Kaiser Wilheim's Imperial Germans homesick in Imperial China almost 100 years ago.
	www.hat.com /Othr5/Rafa03.html (520 words)

	Ethnic German (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ethnic Germans (usually simply called Germans, in German ''Volksdeutsche'') are those who are considered, by themselves or others, to be ethnicityethnically/ German rather than anything else but who do not live within the Federal Republic of Germany nor hold its citizenship.
		For example, in contrast to the Swiss and the Dutch who had already split off and shaped separate national identities, the German speaking Austrians (in contrast to the majority of Austrians who spoke other languages until 1918) used to consider themselves as ethnic Germans up to the 20th century.
		Of these, 23 million are of German ancestry alone ("single ancestry"), and another 40 million are of partial German ancestry.
	www.infothis.com /find/Ethnic_German (535 words)

	Teranodon Visioneering: main
		The Teranodon Visioneering (Donald Tucker) web page is now limited to some information on Germans from Russia and history of the region north of the Black Sea, focusing on the Tsarist period when it was called South Russia (Novorossiya).
		Teranodon Visioneering on Imperial South Russia (Northern Black Sea Region) with special attention to German settlement in Krim (Crimea), Taurida Oblast, 1804 to 1920.
		German settlement in Krim (Crimea), Taurida Oblast, Imperial Russia, 1804-1920, and history of Imperial South Russia (Ukraine).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Forum/4123/main.htm (521 words)

	Iraq: The Moon Is Down, Again!, by William Marina
		It is a story about the German invasion of a small town in Norway in 1940 and the developing reactions of the inhabitants as the Nazis seek to insure that the mines nearby continue to send coal to the Third Reich’s war machine.
		Woven through the plot are the increasingly violent acts of “the people.” Early on, Lanser’s mind wanders back to a friendly, old, gray-haired Belgian lady who killed 12 Germans with a 12 inch hat pin before she was caught and shot.
		The Germans, like imperial conquerors back to the Romans and beyond, sought to legitimatize their occupation in the eyes of the people.
	www.antiwar.com /orig2/marina3.html (773 words)

	H-Net Review: Lonnie Johnson on Nation Österreich: Kulturelles Bewußtsein und ...
		This section provides an informative analysis of the relationship of German culture to Austrian culture, the concept of German-Austria, the ambiguous relationship of "cultural and linguistic" Germans in Austria to (Protestant-Hohenzollern) Germany as well as (Catholic-Habsburg) Austria, and the development of Pan-Germanism in Austria.
		The idea of one German nation did not correspond to the reality of two political empires, and Austria, as part of the "second" German yet multinational empire, had trouble politically legitimizing itself in linguistic and cultural terms.
		The German-Austrian confrontation with "the German" as the "self" and the "other" in the nineteenth century played a much more important role in the development of the Austrian national identity in the twentieth century than the German-Austrian confrontation with the non-German nationalities of the monarchy.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=8680882296012 (2509 words)

	Articles - Ethnic German (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ethnic Germans (usually simply called Germans, in German Volksdeutsche) are those who are considered, by themselves or others, to be ethnically German rather than anything else but who do not live within the Federal Republic of Germany nor hold its citizenship.
		For example, in contrast to the Swiss and the Dutch who had already split off and shaped separate national identities, the German speaking Austrians used to consider themselves as ethnic Germans up until the mid- 20th century.
		After WWII Austrians increasingly see themselves as a nation distinct from the German one, and today no more than 10 percent of German-speaking Austrians consider themselves to be Germans.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Ethnic_German (390 words)

	Light & Truth -- Novus Ordo Seclorum
		One aim is to refute popular forms of economic determinism, in particular Paul Kennedy’s theory of imperial “overstretch” as the cause of national decline, and Francis Fukuyama's vision of triumphant democracy and capitalism.
		Americans might take their imperial responsibilities for running the global system more seriously, Ferguson suggests, were they not befuddled by dubious theories of economic determinism.
		However, in his nostalgia for imperial Britain, Ferguson seems to argue for an American imperialism not as envisioned by Richard Haas but rather an America remade in her mother’s flawed image.
	www.yale.edu /lt/archives/v7n3/v7n3novusordoseclorum.htm (870 words)

	NATO Acad. Forum: Conferences.
		In the last years of the nineteenth century, the ideal of global hegemony was challenged politically by the Imperial Germans, who wanted to become a "world power" like Britain.
		During World War I, Germans argued that the British were using the old ideal of a European balance of power to prevent any European power from challenging them globally.
		It cannot be healthy for the Germans to be back in Berlin staring eastward and seeing no barrier to the indefinite extension of their influence.
	www.nato.int /acad/conf/future95/calleo.htm (4627 words)

	Liturgical Intercession at Cluny For the King-Emperors of Leon
		Two imperial documents, sent to Cluny at the time the doubled subsidy was given, and long preserved there, are extant.
		The dearth of new custumals or other pertinent evidence may exaggerate this impression, and it is possible that thorough search of the surviving Cluniac liturgical manuscripts of the mother house and her dependencies, especially the Iberian ones, might be rewarding.
		But the collapse of the imperial tradition in later twelfth-century Spain, the virtual termination of the annual census, and the diversion of royal Leonese and Castilian interest from a declining Cluny to Cîteaux and other new monastic movements, usher in a different age.
	libro.uca.edu /monastic/monastic8.htm (7849 words)

	Shocking news about GW prices... - RPGnet Forums
		The Imperial Guard are bigger, better detailed, and have far more weapons and conversion options included in the box — stuff like spare helmets, different heads and arms, etc.
		The Imperial Guard tank costs less, is the same size, and has more weapon options.
		One box of Imperial Guard, which will take me a couple of hours per night for a couple of weeks to paint: $30.
	forum.rpg.net /showthread.php?t=163032 (1000 words)

	President Wilson's First Warning to the Germans
		It is, of course, not necessary to remind the German Government that the sole right of a belligerent in dealing with neutral vessels on the high seas is limited to visit and search, unless a blockade is proclaimed and effectively maintained, which this Government does not understand to be proposed in this case.
		The suspicion that enemy ships are using neutral flags improperly can create no just presumption that all ships traversing a prescribed area are subject to the same suspicion.
		It is stated for the information of the Imperial Government that representations have been made to his Britannic Majesty's Government in respect to the unwarranted use of the American flag for the protection of British ships.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1915/strict.html (168 words)

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