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Topic: Imperial Examination

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Imperial examination
		In late imperial China the examination system and associated methods of recruitment to the central bureaucracy were major mechanisms by which the central government captured and held the loyalty of local-level elites.
		The examination system distributed its prizes according to provincial and prefectural quotas, which meant that imperial officials were recruited from the whole country, in numbers roughly proportional to each province's population.
		The Imperial examination system was abandoned for a time under the Yuan Dynasty, and completely abolished in 1905 before the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Imperial_examinations (1222 words)

	Imperial Resource Center - star wars imperial march
		Imperial units are the measurement units that were generally used in the British Commonwealth countries in the past.
		Imperial staircases have a central first flight of stairs reaching a landing and then dividing into two flights which go up to the next floor by running in the opposite direction to the first flight, usually along the walls of the room.
		Imperial was the Chrysler Corporation's imperial metric to imperial conversion crown imperial bulb imperial imperial sugar woodpecker luxury brand imperial moth the imperial march between imperial guard 1955 and 1975 imperial beach (and briefly in 1981-1983).
	www.taxgloss.com /Tax-Department_Stores_I_-_M-/Imperial.html (326 words)

	Imperial examination :: Web Articles ::
		The examination system and associated methods of recruitment to the central bureaucracy were major mechanisms by which the central government captured and held the loyalty of local-level elites.
		The examination system distributed its prizes according to provincial and prefectural quotas, which meant that imperial officials were recruited from the whole country, in numbers roughly proportional to a province's population.
		Examination hall with 7500 cells, Guangdong, 1873.In late traditional China, then, education was valued in part because of its possible payoff in the examination system.
	www.webarticles.com /Society/Education/Imperial-examination (781 words)

	Imperial Era: II
		But perhaps an even greater consideration for the Tang rulers, aware that imperial dependence on powerful aristocratic families and warlords would have destabilizing consequences, was to create a body of career officials having no autonomous territorial or functional power base.
		As incorporated into the examination system, Zhu Xi's philosophy evolved into a rigid official creed, which stressed the one-sided obligations of obedience and compliance of subject to ruler, child to father, wife to husband, and younger brother to elder brother.
		The effect was to inhibit the societal development of premodern China, resulting both in many generations of political, social, and spiritual stability and in a slowness of cultural and institutional change up to the nineteenth century.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/imperial2.html (909 words)

	China in Focus : Issue 12
		The Imperial examinations represented a remarkable attempt to create an aristocracy of learning, which in itself represent a remarkable advance over the warrior and hereditary aristocracies that dominated in the rest of the world.
		The Imperial examinations were not the sole factor in the Taiping Rebellion; resentment of Qing rule and the humiliation China suffered in the First Opium War clearly loomed large in Hung Xiuquan's thought, while his mystic inspiration remains inexplicable.
		Since the Imperial examinations were abolished in 1905, the emphasis in China has swung sharply away from the Confucian classics, and from literature and philosophy in general.
	sacu.org /cifc12.html (2462 words)

	Imperial examination - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		However, in some dynasties imperial examinations were abolished and official posts were simply sold, which increased corruption and reduced morale.
		The examination system was abandoned for a time in the Yuan Empire and the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping, and completely after the fall of the Qing Empire, although similar institutions and procedures, such as the Examination Yuan in the Republic of China (on Taiwan) continue to exist.
		In late imperial China the status of local-level elites was ratified by contact with the central government, which maintained a monopoly on society's most prestigious titles.
	www.music.us /education/I/Imperial-examination.htm (800 words)

	Sui and Tang Dynasties
		People began using the imperial examination system in the Sui Dynasty, which was the forerunner of the Tang Dynasty.
		The use of imperial examination began during the Sui Dynasty, and was a system used to choose government officials.
		The imperial examination system had a major effect on the schools.
	library.thinkquest.org /C005704/content_hl_st.php3 (323 words)

	Imperial Scholars Challenge the Standards Social Studies Review - Find Articles
		The stone glistened with wear, polished by diligent preparation for the examination to be administered at Dingzhou Hall.
		Confucianism was on the examination and therefore it was taught and studied for some thirteen centuries.
		Unlike the historical examination, information appearing on the scroll could be used during the examination; the test would be open to males and females.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4033/is_200404/ai_n9373899 (845 words)

	Imperial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Imperial is a term that is used to describe something that relates to an Empire, Emperor, or the concept of Imperialism.
		Imperial unit, the measurement unit used in the Commonwealth of Nations countries
		Imperial Presidency, a term to describe the presidency of the United States and the President's aides
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial (321 words)

	Imperial Scholars Challenge the Standards Social Studies Review - Find Articles
		The stone glistened with wear, polished by diligent preparation for the examination to be administered at Dingzhou Hall.
		Confucianism was on the examination and therefore it was taught and studied for some thirteen centuries.
		Unlike the historical examination, information appearing on the scroll could be used during the examination; the test would be open to males and females.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4033/is_200404/ai_n9373899 (838 words)

	AAS Abstracts: China Session 139 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the late Ming, different kinds of collections of examination essays abounded, including successful essays by jinshi and juren of a given year, essays from literary societies, outstanding essays by students at a government school or academy, and essays by the scholars of a particular region.
		Until this time, examination literature in the Ming were either reprints of famous works from earlier times or the composition of largely unknown writers paid by commercial publishers seeking to profit from a perenially reliable market.
		Officials who went through the regular channels of the bureaucracy were so outraged at the eunuchs' abuse of imperial authority that they repeatedly presented memorials to the throne to protest the malpractice.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1997abst/china/c139.htm (1241 words)

	Education in Ancient China
		The system of the Imperial Examination, or Keju in Chinese, became the method by which talented people were recognized and selected for future positions in civil service.
		The arts examination includeds composition, study of books, laws, calligraphy, paintings and so on, while the wushu examination was used for selecting military officials but was not subject to the same degree of importance as the arts examination.
		The main subjects of the examinations were writing and study of classical books, which were the most popular, as well as mathematics, law, calligraphy, etc. Most of prime ministers during that feudal period were titled 'jinshi', were good at writing.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/education/ancient1.htm (1003 words)

	Timeline 500 – 1399
		The birth of Confucius, principal philosopher of the Imperial period of China and author of the Confucian Analects that, among other things, provided justification for the central role of the state in society and postulated the "educability of man." (images of Confucius at
		Imperial libraries and archives are established for each dynasty from this point forward.
		Primacy of examination system in appointment of officials with a resultant transition in role of aristocratic families.
	staff.washington.edu /jcmills/SLIS/500time.html (2370 words)

	Chinese Calligraphy in Ming Dynasty
		After more than 700 years of development, the civil service examination system, which provided a ladder for the talented to rise without discrimination, was finalized with two refinements.
		To ingratiate themselves with the examiners, the examination candidates adopted the neat regular script from the Imperial Academy as model.
		Failed of imperial examinations again and again, he voiced his gloom and madness through his unkempt cursive script.
	www.rice-paper.com /uses/calligraphy/history/ming.html (551 words)

	Imperial examination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Imperial examinations (Traditional Chinese: 科舉; pinyin: kējǔ) in Imperial China determined who was upwards in mobility for entering the state's bureaucracy among the population for centuries (in 605) to its abolition near the end of the Qing Dynasty (in 1905), the Imperial Examination System had lasted continuously for 1300 years.
		The Kuomintang administration revived the Examination Yuan in 1947 after the defeat of Japan in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
		The Examination Yuan continues to exist as one of the five branches of government in Taiwan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial_examination (1088 words)

	confucian education
		The civil service examination was thus a means for creating such a body of men, and it became a meritocratic strategy that was emulated by France and Britain in the nineteenth century when these countries began needing public servants for their far-flung imperial outpost.
		At the provincial level examinations candidates were tested on the breadth of their studies in the Classics, and these examinations often last up to seventy-two hours.
		At the national level exams, candidates were examined on the ability to analyze contemporary political problems in addition to the usual examinations based on the Classics.
	www.csupomona.edu /~plin/ls201/confucian3.html (545 words)

	Proposal by Yang Wan to abolish centralised exams - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Furthermore, candidates applied for the examinations on their own initiative and competed to gain the patronage of officials in the imperial court, which went against the classical tradition of dignified humility among men seeking office.
		He also complained that the examination for minors (tongzi ke 童子科 — in ancient China, adulthood was reached around the age of 19) was breeding opportunism as parents put their children forward as prodigies, hoping that they would somehow pass the examination.
		Officials for the imperial court could be recruited directly from the State College, with the Boards of Personnel (libu 吏部) and War (bingbu 兵部) being charged with authorizing all appointments at both court and local levels.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=3120 (4892 words)

	Keju (Imperial Examination System)
		The provincial examination was held triennially at the provincial city.
		The metropolitan examination was held in the following spring after the provincial examination at the Ministry of Rites in the capital.
		The final imperial examination was under direct supervision of the emperor of the dynasty.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22184.htm (203 words)

	Testing 1-2-3
		Confucianism, the state religion of the Chinese Imperial Court since the 2nd century BC, is well known for serene gardens and magnificent buildings.
		When the imperial examination system was ended in 1905 (after nearly 1200 years of operation), many believed this also was the end of the Ch’ing dynasty.
		As tangible reminders of Ch’ing imperial rule, they reflect a time of strong ties to the mainland, not only in language and customs with Fu-jien province, but also through government sponsored high culture that was embodied in the Confucian tradition and the examination system that arbitrated it.
	newviews.freehosting.net /testing.html (1539 words)

	Ability out of fairness (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Today, it is widely acknowledged by Western scholars that China's imperial examination system exerted direct influence upon the modern civil service examinations system in the West.
		The examination system offered common people an opportunity to improve their social status based on the strength of their talent, as only the most talented were selected to participate in the administration of the empire.
		Some people have even suggested that the imperial examinations system be included as the fifth of China's major ancient inventions that contributed to the world, along side the compass, gun powder, papermaking and printing.
	app1.chinadaily.com.cn /star/2002/0523/cu18-1.html (815 words)

	The Vanished Ruins of the Examination Hall from the Ming and Qing Dynasties -- Gongyuan
		Gongyuan (Tribute) Court, the site of imperial examinations in the Ming and Qing dynasties, is located northwest of the overpass at Jianguomen near the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
		The imperial examination system at that point had become no more than a toy in the hands of the emperor.
		During the Ming and Qing dynasties an imperial examination was held in March at Gongyuan Court every three years.
	www.china.org.cn /english/features/beijing/30833.htm (463 words)

	Book Review: Joy Lies in the Process of Conquering the Peak
		Under the imperial examination system in feudal China, knowledge was synonymous with ability, and it was not uncommon at this time for certain candidates to make several attempts at passing the imperial examination, often taking them into their 50s or 60s.
		Although the imperial examination system was abolished in late Qing Dynasty, this traditional concept has by no means been eradicated from the Chinese consciousness.
		Consequently the essential goal of education is superseded, and the objective of higher education is merely to go to college and gain a diploma, as it is only this, the diploma itself, that is the key to social recognition.
	www.china.org.cn /english/20546.htm (1226 words)

	British Irsralism-Justification for an Empire
		The Imperial period, however, distinguishes itself from her two sister eras in that during these years the movement stood on the crest of popularity, at the high point of its influence and with a singleness of purpose.
		Our examination of Imperial British-Israelism will focus on the two primary branches of their doctrine: the identity of the British people with the House of Israel and the identity of the British Royal family with the House of Judah.
		Later Imperial exegetes would continue with the body of the text, identifying the "children" as the member states of the Empire and their complaint being heeded by the eventual foundation of the Commonwealth Nations.
	www.revneal.org /Writings/british.htm (13321 words)

	Interwar China
		The imperial Neo-Confucian scholars accepted as axiomatic the cultural superiority of Chinese civilization and the position of the empire at the hub of their perceived world.
		In 1860, scholar-official Zeng Guofan (1811-72), from Hunan Province, was appointed imperial commissioner and governor-general of the Taiping-controlled territories and placed in command of the war against the rebels.
		The imperial edicts for reform covered a broad range of subjects, including stamping out corruption and remaking, among other things, the academic and civil-service examination systems, legal system, governmental structure, defense establishment, and postal services.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/IntChina.html (5881 words)

	Forbidden City
		Mirroring this arrangement is the Inner Court at the northern end of the Forbidden City, with the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and the Palace of Earthly Tranquillity straddling the central axis, surrounded by the Six Palaces of the East and West and the Imperial Garden to the north.
		Other major buildings include the halls for Worshipping Ancestors and of Imperial Splendour on the east, and the Hall of Mental Cultivation, the Pavilion of the Rain of Flowers and the Palace of Benevolent Tranquillity on the west.
		As a special honor, the empress was escorted through it when entering the palace on her wedding day, and the three highest ranking scholars were allowed to use it when leaving the palace after the imperial examination.
	www.nd.edu /~che1/fcity.html (2182 words)

	Beijing Scene (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Examination frenzy is not a new phenomenon in the Middle Kingdom.
		The flip side of the coin however, is the tale of the young man who fails the examination.
		The first rung was an examination held in the examinee's district capital.
	www.beijingscene.com /V05I022/ayi/ayi.htm (981 words)

	[No title]
		The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has initiated a mineral examination of the mining claims held by Glamis Imperial Corporation associated with a proposed gold mine in eastern Imperial County to determine if they are valid.
		BLM State Director Mike Pool said he has decided to conduct a validity examination on this project because the area in which the company wishes to develop the project was withdrawn from mineral entry, subject to valid existing rights, in October 2000 for 20 years.
		The examination will be conducted by BLM certified mineral examiners in California and reviewed by a national team of examiners before being approved.
	www.blm.gov /ca/news/2002/02/nr/imperial_mine_validity.html (273 words)

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