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	Imperial guardian lions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Guardian lions, also called Fu Dogs or Foo Dogs, and called Shi (ç) in Chinese or Ra shi da, are powerful mythic protectors that have traditionally stood in front of Chinese imperial palaces, emperors' tombs and government offices.
		Since the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC - 220 AD), imperial guardian lions were placed at the entrances to important official buildings and gates, until the end of the empire in 1911.
		Lion dance, another use of lion imagery in costume and motion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Guarding_lions (488 words)

	SculpturedStone.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Chinese lions and Thai guardian lions can be understood best in their religious context, as divine companions of Buddha, or as protectors of divinity and divine places.
		The traditional Chinese interpretation and explanation of the significance of the sphere and cub is that the male lion is the divine protector of Heaven, and the female lion is the divine protector of Earth.
		After large stone lions are carved, they are sometimes placed in their final positions on an ancient Chinese coin with a ribbon through it, which cannot be removed without moving the lion.
	www.sculpturedstone.com /aboutchineselions.asp (1990 words)

	The Chinese Art of Lion Dancing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		This gives the lion life and symbolizes prosperity (because blood is life and red is deemed a lucky color to Chinese) and the rooster is also considered the most yang of animals.
		Finally the red ribbon is tied to the lion¡¯s horn (a symbol of when the Goddess of Mercy, Kwan Yin, tied the lion¡¯s head back to its body) along with a pair of gold foils that represent golden flowers (one on each side) by an honored guest or the club¡¯s Sifu.
		To help lion, Kwan Yin placed a mirror on his forehead to protect Lion and scare away evil as evil can¡¯t bear to see its ugly or lack of reflection (for some reason this is a common bond in superstitions and beliefs of many different races).
	home.att.net /~supertechwlee/wsb/html/The_Chinese_Art_of_Lion_Dancing.htm (7532 words)

	Barbara's History of the Pekingese
		Lions were the most feared animal in India and as such became the symbol of violence and passion.
		The lion became closely associated with Buddha and is a major symbol in the religion.
		Another fable tells of a female lion that was tired of the brutish affection of her mate.
	poodlesandpoms.freeservers.com /custom4.html (3739 words)

	Nian - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The Chinese tradition of decorating in red, burning fire-crackers, and the lion dance with loud drums and gongs was to scare the beast away.
		The Cantonese lions fit the description of a Nian, but they are not the same as the northern lions.
		Imperial guardian lions (also known as a Fu Dogs) for the use of the lion image stylized statuary at entrances to important places.
	www.iridis.com /Nian (246 words)

	Koma Inu: Lion Dog Shrine Guardians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Although the lion is native to southern Asia, as well as the plains of Africa, its appearance in the art of Japan was originally limited to the temple guardians and fantastic leonine mounts of various Buddhist deities, particularly the bodhisattva Monju.
		Pairs of guardian lions are said to protect the Buddha's throne and statues representing then have traditionally stood guard outside sacred buildings and temple precincts.
		Similar to the anthropomorphic guardian figures known as nyo4, each pair of koma inu is depicted one with mouth closed and the other with mouth open, suggestive of the inhalation and exhalation of the heavenly force and the inextricable balance of yin and yang.
	www.joelcooner.com /Asian/LionDogShrine.html (276 words)

	Animals have always been an important and popular motif for Chinese artists
		In imperial times, lions were often displayed outside the homes of Chinese state officials where the number of curls on the lion’s back indicated the official’s rank in the bureaucratic system.
		The use of lions with thirteen curls was restricted to the imperial family and officials of the first rank, and the number of curls dropped by one with each level.
		In general, the lions can be seen as symbolizing the unity of heaven and earth, but because the statues are intended to act as guardians, ceremonies may be held to bring the lions to life.
	www.sculpturedstone.com /articles/chinese_lions.htm (1050 words)

	Guardian \| Plinth charming
		At its heart, standing 176ft high, is the hero of Trafalgar, the architect of Britain's naval supremacy and that icon of Anglo-Saxon stoicism: Lord Horatio Nelson.
		Guarded on four sides by Edwin Landseer's mighty lions, the base of Nelson's Column portrays the battles of St Vincent, the Nile and Copenhagen, as well as a romanticised depiction of Nelson's own demise.
		Just as worrying is the suggestion that, since Havelock and Napier undertook imperial activities now widely demurred, then their statues should be removed and histories forgotten.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4810757-110427,00.html (722 words)

	TomDispatch - Tomgram: Chip Ward on lions and tigers and bears (oh my!)
		As suburban sprawl invades the foothill habitat of lions and bears and we build more resort communities on the borders of national parks and wilderness areas, the potential for clashes between charismatic carnivores -- human and wild -- is bound to increase.
		Mountain lions are also trying to rebound but are running into our traps and guns when they do.
		Severe drought and dwindling deer herds (coveted by hunters) are being used as a rationale for further reducing mountain lion populations across the West.
	www.tomdispatch.com /index.mhtml?pid=2035 (3153 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Post-Imperial Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		...Thornton is aware that the imperial tradition was the last stand of the aristocracy, and sees no reason to regret it...
		...In an imperial system, the iconography of power is necessarily aristocratic: it is a pure presence...
		...Imperialism automatically sets a premium on a patrician political style: as a pure system of alien domination, it always, within the limits of safety, seeks to maximize the existential difference between the ruling and ruled race, to create a magical and impassable gulf between two fixed essences...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V42I4P73-1.htm (7651 words)

	Stone Lions - Links
		Lion Dogs quotes material by Hwee Lie ThÃ¨ on the role of lions in the decorative repertoire of Chinese art.
		Sunrises, Serenity, and Lions on the Beach (by Joshua Samuel Brown) John Kao, who owns a collection of over 6,000 stone lions, ranging from stone guardian sculptures that weigh over a ton to jade pieces that can be held in the palm of the hand.
		Stone lions have become so identified with the sensitivities of Chinese nationalism that an advertisement by Toyota showing lions bowing down before one of their vehicles caused an uproar in 2003.
	www.cjvlang.com /Photos/stonelion/lionlinks.html (1915 words)

	Rex Organization Education: Parade Float Notes 2005
		Lions, symbols of power and protection, are the most common guardians.
		Imperial Guardian Lions are placed in pairs at the entrance to important buildings, the male lion on the intruder's right, and the female on the left.
		Lions are not found in China, so these lion figures have been somewhat mythologized, incorporating features of other protective beasts.
	www.rexorganization.com /education/floatnotes.htm (1970 words)

	Forbidden City - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The Forbidden City or Forbidden Palace ( Chinese : 紫禁城; pinyin : zǐ jìn chéng ; literally "Purple Forbidden City"), located at the exact center of the ancient City of Beijing, was the imperial palace during the mid- Ming and the Qing dynasties.
		The Imperial Palace grounds are located directly to the north of Tiananmen Square and are accessible from the square via Tiananmen Gate.
		He was, however, allowed and in fact required to live within the walls of the Forbidden City, until a coup launched by a local warlord in 1924.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Forbidden_City (952 words)

	Allied Van Lines - Relax. We carry the load. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Allied was named the official carrier of a truly unique museum exhibit called the "Imperial Tombs of China." This incredible exhibition was made up of more than 250 priceless objects excavated from the tombs of China's most prominent emperors and ancient rulers.
		"Imperial Tombs of China" is without a doubt the best exhibition that has ever been sent to the United States," said Wu Xi Hau, director of the Foreign Affairs Division of the People's Republic of China's State Bureau of cultural Relics.
		The Exhibit was designed to focus on the imperial tombs because funerary objects are works of art representing the finest materials, design and craftsmanship of the era.
	remaxga.allied.com /DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=142 (956 words)

	Imperial Rome
		Attired in a lion's skin and armed with the club of Hercules, he valiantly set upon and slew antagonists arrayed to represent mythological monsters and armed with great sponges for rocks.
		The most sacred emblem of the new faith was made a battle standard, and into the new religion was infused the military spirit of the imperial government that had made that emblem the ensign of the state.
		The imperial invitation and the attractions of the court induced multitudes to crowd into the new capital, so that almost in a day the old Byzantium grew into a great city.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Rome2.html (16676 words)

	HSBC Hong Kong headquarters building - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		One of the lion statues had small explosive embedded in it and was only discovered and removed by police's explosive unit in the early 1990s.
		From a " Feng Shui " point of view, the two bronze lion statues in front of the HSBC headquarter are believed to contribute to the steady revenue of the bank.
		The original pair of lions are kept at a museum in Shanghai.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/HSBC_Hong_Kong_headquarters_building (944 words)

	What is Imperial guardian lions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Guardian lions, also called Fu Dogs, and called Shi (獅) in Chinese, are powerful mythic protectors that have traditionally stood in front of Chinese imperial palaces, emperors' tombs and government offices.
		(Compare the Pekingese breed.) These beasts have been found in art as early as 208 B.C In the Qing dynasty ( 1644 - 1911), the ruling Manchu derived their name from the Manjushri Buddha, who rides on a lion.
		In modern days, the Chinese word shi is also used for the African lions, thus, this mythical creature often are called Chinese lion via translation.
	www.whatis.tv /Rui_Shi.html (400 words)

	The Crown Council of Ethiopia
		The green and red enamel cross depicts the Ethiopian Lion and is suspended from a yellow riband bordered with the Ethiopian tricolour of green, yellow and red.
		The left-facing lion is meant to show that the Order was created when Ethiopia was in a condition of adversity and distress, and it honors those who fought for Ethiopia’s reconstruction and resurrection during this period.
		That silver medal is in the shape of a Coptic cross with an Imperial Crown surmounting the medal.
	www.ethiopiancrown.org /decorations.htm (9149 words)

	Dallas Museum of Art - Splendors of China's Forbidden City
		Visitors entering the exhibition will feel as though they are entering the sacred walls of the Forbidden City as two guardian lions, on loan from the Crow Collection of Asian Art, stand guard at the exhibition’s entrance.
		Also, while walking through this part of the exhibition you will see the emperor’s imperial parade armor, helmet, and saddle along with the many bows and arrows, knives, and swords he used for hunting or as a symbol of power.
		Supporting the square base are lions confronting double thunderbolts, and similar designs are repeated on the zitan wood base.
	dmaws.dallasmuseumofart.org /stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&ssDocName=ID_012955&ssSourceNodeId=1680&ssTargetNodeId=1680 (1685 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Football \| Fiver \| Toast, Ice cream, and Pretzels
		Content in the knowledge that their chirpy winger had made a full recovery in time for their opening game against Cameroon tomorrow, the squad promptly turned their attention back to the telly.
		It seemed that after all their trials and tribulations, nothing could possibly go wrong for the boys in green.
		The Imperial Lord Ferg is lining up a bid for Lazio defender Alessandro Nesta.
	football.guardian.co.uk /Fiver/0,4022,725678,00.html (1282 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Film \| Features \| Visions of hell
		Montgomery Clift's unit was shown liberating a death camp in The Young Lions in 1958; George Stevens, who had been one of those US war cameramen, made The Diary of Anne Frank in 1959; Stanley Kramer delivered Judgment at Nuremberg in 1961 and Sidney Lumet's The Pawnbroker followed in 1965.
		Alfred Hitchcock had compiled a documentary from footage of the camps in 1945: it was deemed too terrible to be seen and was filed away at the Imperial War Museum.
		As in the cinemas, so in the wider world: this was a story people were not ready to hear or see.
	film.guardian.co.uk /features/featurepages/0,4120,871365,00.html (2774 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Life \| Touching the void
		He plotted the density of human populations in Africa and used that data to predict that many African carnivores would be endangered or extinct by 2030.
		Andrew Purvis, an Imperial College conservation biologist at Silwood Park near Ascot, agrees that humans and the African great apes must once have coexisted in comparable numbers: in hundreds of thousands, or millions.
		There could be only 23,000 lions left in the wild in Africa; some experts think the lion population could have fallen to about 15,000.
	www.herregud.org /~hlima/articles/touchvoid.html (2183 words)

	Guardian \| Heaven on earth
		At the Coliseum, an Edwardian play on Titus's first century Roman amphitheatre, Wagner's powerful polyphony will rise from the depths of the orchestra pit, up through plush red stalls, cantilevered balconies and the gods, all the way to the Walhalla-like ceiling of this gigantic and lavish domed auditorium.
		The decoration - all marble, gold leaf, imperial motifs and colours, luminous terracotta, chariots, cherubs, swags, friezes, lions, mosaics, wreaths, slaves and spears - is a perfect handmaiden for Wagner's theatrical bombast.
		Edwin Sachs, the architectural critic, was famously unkind, writing in his 1896 volume Modern Opera Houses and Theatres: "There is no doubt that [Matcham's] plans have a certain individuality and his schemes generally serve the utilitarian purpose of the occupiers in a satisfactory manner.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4849471-110432,00.html (1186 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| By genre \| Non-fiction
		Refreshingly, he asserts: "I had the emotional depth and sensitivity of a potted cactus." There are numerous farcical safaris, meetings with air-ballooning toffs, multiple viewings of The Railway Children ("the cinema was my retreat into order"), and narrow escapes from death by vehicle or animal.
		Bennun refuses to sentimentalise Africa or its wildlife (playing with lions from the safety of a Land Cruiser, he determines: "Your cat would eat you if it could"), but underpinning the humour is a clear-eyed and movingly sincere tribute to what he has left behind.
		Anything irritatingly imperial in her tone is always countered by her frank disbelief in colonialism and missionaries, and her uninflated encounters with a smallish crocodile and huge mosquitos are true and fearfully funny.
	books.guardian.co.uk /reviews/roundupstory/0,6121,986425,00.html (824 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| News \| US 'is an empire in denial'
		He told his audience that, with military bases in three-quarters of the countries of the world, and 31% of all wealth, America made the British empire at its zenith in 1920, when a quarter of the globe was pink, look "like a half-baked thing".
		Furthermore, he insisted, the people who were "now in charge of the defence department have grabbed September 11 as a chance to push through the imperial agenda".
		Security men removed a self-styled "shamanistic poet", Niall McDevitt, from the lecture, when he accused Prof Ferguson of trying to "alleviate guilt" [about the empire], while reciting a poem in pidgin on the imperial legacy in the New Hebrides islands in the Pacific.
	books.guardian.co.uk /news/articles/0,6109,968533,00.html (701 words)

	Seal Conservation Society: 1999 News Digest
		The British experts had provided the authorities with scientific reports on the sea lion’s condition, provided a feeding and vitamin regimen to restore its health, and volunteered to return to Cyprus and nurse it back to health if it could be confiscated and transferred to the Ocean Aquarium in Protaras, which had offered its facilities.
		The sea lion, one of a dozen pinnipeds trained and used by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center in San Diego to fetch equipment and locate underwater mines, climbed on to a salvage vessel investigating an historic shipwreck.
		The fine, also involving the mauling of a woman by a tiger at the amusement park, is part of a stipulation agreement in which Marine World neither admits or denies guilt, and was paid after the USDA cited the park for violations of the federal Animal Welfare Act.
	www.pinnipeds.org /sealne99.htm (15550 words)

	The Questing Cat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		So do I. So when the Guardian Unlimited offered me a chance for a paid piece on their newsblog about the coming elections, I took a shot at it.
		The kinds of people who read the Guardian are so against everything that Blair and Bush have accomplished in Iraq that there was no chance that the comments would be positive.
		The Guardian article was written rather nervously, but it says what you need to say.
	www.thequestingcat.com /blog/archives/00000076.html (12594 words)

	imperial doughnut : blog
		The 'boys' live in a big house with their guardian and 'mentor', David Seville (alias of the real-life and deceased Chipmunks creator, Ross Bagdasarian).
		The imperial doughnut cow™ was one of the images of the day on bloghop yesterday.
		This was just something I whipped together in a few minutes with some glitter, PVA glue and a few toilet roll tubes - a devious stopgap to calm the angry voices of the demanding home audience while laying the foundations for future prosperity.
	imperialdoughnut.blogspot.com /2001_09_01_imperialdoughnut_archive.html (9204 words)

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