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Topic: Impossible differential cryptanalysis

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	Encyclopedia: Tiny Encryption Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions.
		Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, hidden, and analýein, to loosen or to untie) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so.
		In cryptanalysis, the piling-up lemma is a principle used in linear cryptanalysis to construct linear approximations to the action of block ciphers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tiny-Encryption-Algorithm (2644 words)

	totse.com \| Improving Resistance to Differential Cryptanalysis
		However our studies of differential cryptanalysis, particularly applied to the LOKI cipher, have shown that this is not the case.
		Differential Cryptanalysis was first described by Biham and Shamir in [2], and in greater detail in [3].
		In Differential Cryptanalysis, a table showing the distribution of the XOR of input pairs against the XOR of output pairs is used to determine probabilities of a particular observed output pair being the result of some input pair.
	www.totse.com /en/privacy/encryption/loki.html (4207 words)

	Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		With conventional differential cryptanalysis, you look for pairs of inputs which have differences (xors usually) such that after a certain number of rounds, the ciphertexts have certain differences with excess probability.
		With "impossible" differential cryptanalysis, you look for inputs with differences which lead to ciphertext differences that are "impossible", or at least have reduced probability.
		As a result ciphers which were designed to resist differential cryptanalysis may be vulnerable to impossible differentials.
	cryptome.sabotage.org /idc.htm (275 words)

	block cipher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		DES was designed, among other things, to resist a certain cryptanalytic attack known to the NSA and rediscovered by IBM, though unknown publicly until rediscovered again and published by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir in the late 1980s.
		The technique is called differential cryptanalysis and remains one of the few general attacks against block ciphers; linear cryptanalysis is another, but was probably unknown, even to NSA, prior to its publication by Mitsuru Matsui.
		In addition to linear and differential cryptanalysis, there is a growing catalog of attacks: truncated and partial differential cryptanalysis, slide attacks, boomerang attacks, square and integral attacks, the XSL attack, impossible differential cryptanalysis and algebraic attacks.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Block_cipher.html (617 words)

	Encyclopedia: Skipjack (cipher) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Biham, E., Biryukov, A., Shamir, A. Cryptanalysis of Skipjack reduced to 31 rounds using impossible differentials.
		In cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers.
		In cryptography, the XSL attack is a method of cryptanalysis for block ciphers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Skipjack-(cipher) (2781 words)

	Differential Cryptanalysis: A Literature Survey
		Thus, in practice, Differential Cryptanalysis would seem to be defeated by the simple use of message keys and limitations on the amount of material ciphered under a single message key.
		The complexity of differential cryptanalysis depends on the size of the largest entry in the XOR table, the total number of zeros in the XOR table, and the number of nonzero entries in the first column of that table [1], [3].
		The complexity of differential cryptanalysis depends on the size of the largest entry in the XOR table, the total number of zeros in the XOR table, and the number of nonzero entries in the first column in that table [1], [8].
	www.ciphersbyritter.com /RES/DIFFANA.HTM (4246 words)

	Cryptologia: Impossible differential cryptanalysis of Mini-AES
		The impossible differential cryptanalysis relies on finding an impossible event through a reduced part in the middle of a block cipher.
		Simply place the impossible differential in the middle rounds, and then guess the round keys in the outer rounds and use them to verify if the impossible differential occurs.
		If we discover that the impossible differential holds for the last 4 rounds, then the guessed key value is wrong since it caused an impossible condition that will never happen for the correct key.
	www.24hourscholar.com /p/articles/mi_qa3926/is_200310/ai_n9311721 (1584 words)

	Cryptologia: Further notes for a self-study course in block-cipher cryptanalysis
		Among the notable developments is the extensive cryptanalysis of the 5 finalists [2] for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), culminating in the final selection of Rijndael as the AES in October 2000 [4].
		While attempting to serve as further notes to the self-study course in block-cipher cryptanalysis, the main purpose of this paper is to acquaint the student with the new cryptanalytic methods, namely the Square attack, slide attacks, the saturation attack, impossible differential cryptanalysis, the boomerang attack, the amplified boomerang attack and the rectangle attack.
		In [5], the course syllabus covered the very basics of block-cipher cryptanalysis starting from the time when modern cryptanalysis first began in 1991 with differential cryptanalysis, and later linear cryptanalysis and key-schedule cryptanalysis up until the state of cryptanalytic research in the year 1998.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3926/is_200204/ai_n9062518 (1309 words)

	XTEA - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As of 2004, the best attack reported on XTEA is a related-key differential attack on 26 out of 64 rounds of XTEA, requiring 2
		Related key differential attacks on 26 rounds of XTEA andfull rounds of GOST.
		Impossible differential cryptanalysis of reduced roundXTEA and TEA.
	www.free-web-encyclopedia.com /?t=XTEA (329 words)

	CRYPTO '98: 18th Annual Cryptology Conference
		Their attack is related to the differential cryptanalysis of block ciphers, and capitalizes on a lack of diffusion in SHA-0.
		This new approach to differential cryptanalysis uses "impossible differentials", that is, differentials which cannot appear in a plaintext/ciphertext pair, to eliminate keys from consideration and thus find the correct key.
		Such differentials can be found by finding differentials for the first half and the second half of a cipher that "miss in the middle", since their values do not match up.
	www.ieee-security.org /Cipher/ConfReports/conf-rep-crypto98.html (3137 words)

	Cryptology
		At least one of the keys must be virtually impossible for the cryptanalyst to recover even when he knows the other key and many matching plaintext and ciphertext pairs.
		The cryptanalysis of single-key cryptosystems depends on one simple fact - that some traces of the original structure of the plaintext may be visible in the ciphertext.
		Cryptanalysis of public key ciphers is therefore virtually indistinguishable from research into any other area of mathematics.
	www.ridex.co.uk /cryptology (10089 words)

	Block cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The technique is called differential cryptanalysis and remains one of the few general attacks against block ciphers; linear cryptanalysis is another, but may have been unknown even to NSA, prior to its publication by Mitsuru Matsui.
		DES prompted a large amount of other work and publications in cryptography and cryptanalysis in the open community and it inspired many new cipher designs.
		DES has a block size of 64 bits and a key size of 56 bits.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Block_cipher (937 words)

	Cryptologia: Impossible differential cryptanalysis of Mini-AES
		We have presented an introduction to the impossible differential cryptanalysis by demonstrating step by step how a 4-round impossible differential of Mini-AES can be constructed.
		As a further step in understanding the concepts behind this attack, the reader is encouraged to verify the 4-round impossible differential by hand.
		This is an important part of impossible differential cryptanalysis because the difficulty mostly lies in trying to find impossible differentials before an impossible differential attack can be applied on encryption algorithms.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3926/is_200310/ai_n9311721/pg_2 (519 words)

	[No title]
		The method involves analyzing the structure of the algorithm in order to determine the effect of particular differences in plaintext pairs on the differences of their corresponding ciphertext pairs, where the differences are represented by the exclusive-or of the pair.
		If it is possible to exploit these differential effects in order to determine a key in less time than with exhaustive search, an encryption algorithm is said to be susceptible to differential cryptanalysis.
		We concluded it was not possible to perform an attack based on differential cryptanalysis in less time than with exhaustive search.
	ftp.cerias.purdue.edu /pub/doc/privacy/NIST_privacy_forum/skipjack.1 (3533 words)

	Seminars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Since differential and linear cryptanalysis were introduced, blockciphers have been devised to withstand this attacks.
		One popular method used by cipher designers is to bound the maximal differential and linear probabilities after several rounds to a small enough value, which is low enough so that these attacks are impractical.
		The attacker considers the cipher to be composed of two sub-ciphers, each vulnerable to either differential or linear cryptanalysis and using some relationships and methods exploit these weakness to break the full cipher.
	www.dice.ucl.ac.be /crypto/index.php?page=seminars&Year=2002&action=details&idsem=19 (346 words)

	Block cipher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		DES was designed, among other things, to resist a certain cryptanalytic attack known to the NSA and rediscovered by IBM,though unknown publicly until rediscovered again and published by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir in the late 1980s.
		Thetechnique is called differential cryptanalysis and remains one of the few general attacks against block ciphers; linear cryptanalysis is another, but was probably unknown, even to NSA, prior to its publication by Mitsuru Matsui.
		In addition to linear and differential cryptanalysis, there is a growing catalog of attacks: truncated and partialdifferential cryptanalysis, slide attacks, boomerang attacks, square and integral attacks, the XSLattack, impossible differential cryptanalysis and algebraic attacks.
	www.therfcc.org /block-cipher-72553.html (548 words)

	Impossible differential and square attacks: Cryptanalytic link and application to Skipjack (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: This paper shows a surprising similarity between the construction of, respectively, impossible differentials and square distinguishers.
		Using this similarity, we also derive a 16-round square distinguisher on Skipjack, directly based on the impossible differential attack presented in (Biham and al., Eurocrypt'99 [1]).
		3 Impossible di#erentials in twofish (context) - Ferguson - 1999
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /piret01impossible.html (303 words)

	[No title]
		In the area of security, there were talks on cryptanalysis, power analysis and related attacks, and the concept of ``minimal secure rounds.'' Some of the cryptanalytic attacks were already known, but they had not yet been presented formally at a conference.
		Cryptanalysis Session 5 was devoted to cryptanalysis of the candidates.
		There were several two-round iterative differentials based on the non-invertibility of the S-boxes and the invariance, under modular addition of subkeys, of input pairs that differed only in the most significant bit.
	www.ieee-security.org /Cipher/PastIssues/1999/issue9908/issue9908.txt (18572 words)

	Improved Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of Rijndael and Crypton (ResearchIndex)
		Although we use the same 4-round impossible differential as in five round attacks, we put this impossible differential in the middle of 6-round.
		5 Di#erential Cryptanalysis of DES-like Cryptosystems (context) - Biham, Shamir - 1990
		1 Cryptanalysis of Five Rounds of CRYPTON Using Impossible Di#..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /501105.html (346 words)

	Notes and Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Note that for some kinds of information, that means that the message must be effectively impossible to decrypt by an unintended receiver.
		A mapping is one to one if no more than one element from ever maps to each element of the target set (but not all elements must be hit by the mapping).
		Differential Cryptanalysis of the Data Encryption Standard by Shamir and Adelman.
	my.execpc.com /~alcourt/crypt.notes.html (558 words)

	Cryptography:Frequency analysis - Wikibooks
		In the field of cryptanalysis, frequency analysis is a methodology for "breaking" simple substitution ciphers, like the Caesar cipher.
		These cyphers replace one letter of the plaintext with another to produce the cyphertext, and any particular letter in the plaintext will always, in the simplest and most easily breakable of these cyphers, turn into the same letter in the cypher.
		This fact was the basis of Edgar Allan Poe's claim, in his famous newspaper cryptanalysis demonstrations in the middle 1800's, that no cypher devised by man could defeat him.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Cryptography:Frequency_analysis (736 words)

	Block cipher -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		DES prompted a large amount of other work and publications in (Act of writing in code or cipher) cryptography and (The science of analyzing and deciphering codes and ciphers and cryptograms) cryptanalysis in the open community and it inspired many new cipher designs.
		The US Government permits the use of AES to protect (additional info and facts about classified information) classified information in systems aproved by (The United States cryptologic organization that coordinates and directs highly specialized activities to protect United States information systems and to produce foreign intelligence information) NSA.
		In addition to linear and differential cryptanalysis, there is a growing catalog of attacks: truncated and partial differential cryptanalysis, slide attacks, boomerang attacks, square and integral attacks, the (additional info and facts about XSL attack) XSL attack, impossible differential cryptanalysis and algebraic attacks.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bl/block_cipher.htm (1101 words)

	[No title]
		The known attacks against Rijndael are the impossible differential attack and the Square attack, Which were described by the designers of the Square cipher.
		The impossible attack is applicable to Rijndael reduced to six rounds and the Square attack is applicable to Rijndael reduced seven rounds.
		These attacks are chosen plaintext attacks and are independent of the specific choice of sbox, the multiplication polynomial of Mixcolumn and the key schedule.
	caislab.icu.ac.kr /Lecture/data/2001/autumn/ice615/termproject/proposal_ljy.doc (506 words)

	Research > Research Activities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Phan, R. and Siddiqi, M. Generalized Impossible Differentials of Advanced Encryption Standard, IEE Electronics Letters 37(14), 896-898.
		Phan, R. Classes of Impossible Differentials of Advanced Encryption Standard, IEE Electronics Letters, 38(11), 508-510.
		Phan, R. Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of Mini-AES, Cryptologia, XXVII(4).
	www.swinburne.edu.my /iSECURES/iSECURES-cons.htm (1128 words)

	Relationships among Differential, Truncated Differential, Impossible Differential Cryptanalyses against Word-Oriented ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Abstract: We propose a new method for evaluating the security of block ciphers against differential cryptanalysis and propose new structures for block ciphers.
		To this end, we define the word-wise Markov (Feistel) cipher and random output-differential (Feistel) cipher and clarify the relations among the differential, the truncated differential and the impossible differential cryptanalyses of the random output-differential (Feistel) cipher.
		2 On cryptanalysis of a byte-oriented cipher (context) - Tokita, Matsui - 1999
	citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /sugita00relationships.html (456 words)

	Articles - XTEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		"Related key differential attacks on 26 rounds of XTEA and full rounds of GOST." In Proceedings of FSE '04, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004.
		"Differential cryptanalysis of TEA and XTEA." In Proceedings of ICISC 2003, 2003b.
		"Impossible differential cryptanalysis of reduced round XTEA and TEA." Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2365: 49-60, 2002.
	www.landize.com /articles/XTEA (367 words)

	Tinyness: An Overview of TEA and Related Ciphers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Truncated differentials of probability 1 are used in an attack on 17-round TEA (
		Mirza [1998] gives a detailed tutorial on block ciphers and their cryptanalysis.
		Andem [2003] provides a survey of the TEA algorithm family and some cryptanalysis.
	www-users.cs.york.ac.uk /~matthew/TEA (2289 words)

	Wikipedia:WikiProject Cryptography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Describe cryptanalysis of digital signatures -- what are the various notions of security for a signature scheme?
		The Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security (ISBN 038723473X) [1], [2] is to be published by Kluwer sometime in 2005 and has some notable cryptographers contributing (e.g.
		Eli Biham writing Differential cryptanalysis, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen writing Rijndael).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Cryptography (1367 words)

	hongweijin的专栏
		Often, for new types of cryptanalysis it is not trivial to accurately estimate the complexity
		Differential and linear cryptanalysis are the two most powerful general purpose cryptographic
		The most powerful cryptanalysis of Rijndael to date is the square attack.
	blog.csdn.net /hongweijin/archive/2004/11/18/186397.aspx (2283 words)

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