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Topic: Impossible object

	Blivet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This blivet is reminiscent of an M.C. Escher print—it portrays two impossible perspectives at once, creating a 'lost' layer between the top two rods, and an impossible extra, vanishing rod in between the bottom two.
		The blivet is an undecipherable figure, an optical illusion and an impossible object.
		It is an object that appears to have three cylindrical prongs at the bottom, which then somehow mysteriously transform into two rectangular prongs at the top.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blivet (249 words)

	Animating Impossible Objects
		Furthermore, the property ``to be an impossible figure'' is not the property of the drawing alone, but the property of its spatial interpretation by a human observer [9].
		Impossible figures convey the impression of a 3D object and this strongly implies that one might be able to rotate such an object and view it from different angles.
		The constant adjustment of the 3D model that is required to maintain the impossible figure as the viewpoint changes, is reduced to a simple rescaling of the dimensions of the object being used to model one of the complementary halves.
	www.csse.uwa.edu.au /~pk/Impossible/impossible.html (2757 words)

	Impossible Figures in Perceptual Psychology
		Gregory discusses a similar case with the Penrose impossible triangle in his essay, "The Confounded Eye." The Penrose impossible triangle is a physical object which appears to be impossible.
		The impossibility arises from the assumption that the triangle lies in a plane.
		If the object is viewed from the correct angle, the images of the sides overlap in such a way that it appears to be a closed, planar triangle, although twisted in a way which is impossible.
	www.fink.com /papers/impossible.html (3270 words)

	[No title]
		Overall, performance exhibited a bias to respond "possible" to objects previously studied, a bias that led to increased probability of correct responses for possible objects and increased probability of incorrect responses for impossible objects.
		Objects mistakenly interpreted by an algorithm as possible in the real world, real objects that an algorithm cannot interpret, and objects for which an algorithm provides ambiguous representations would all become the stimuli for psychological experiments.
		We hypothesized that the reason bias is observed only for previously studied possible objects in the typical object decision task and not for previously studied impossible objects is that for impossible objects, bias is overridden by explicit information about some feature or combination of features that cues that the object is impossible.
	www.psych.northwestern.edu /psych/people/faculty/mckoon/schreply.html (6333 words)

	Impossible object: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An impossible object is an object that cannot exist according to the known laws of nature (laws of nature: a physical law or a law of nature is a scientific generalization based on empirical...
		impossible cube (impossible cube: the impossible cube or irrational cube is an impossible object that draws upon...
		Penrose stairs (Penrose stairs: the penrose stairs is an impossible object devised by lionel penrose and his son...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/impossible_object (384 words)

	VIK MUNIZ
		The individualized and individualizing object, when submitted to a process of patterned repetition in an endless series, is entirely dependent on factors which are of a technical and sensorial order, inscribed into the social, intellectual and material characteristics of a society.
		The object will always be a distinct element in the context of the real, and the regression of the object to thing acting as an indistinct condition reduces space to the notion of ambient.
		To photograph an object is to transform it into mental substance, to map its regress into a state that predates its own existence, its return to an archetypal stage.
	www.vikmuniz.net /html/textsByVik/impossibleobject.html (1176 words)

	Edward Emery:The Ghost in the Mother: Strange Attractors and Impossible Mourning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The incorporation of the psychic body of the mother's extruded object of impossible mourning exerts a force on all relational and intrapsychic economies that is like a strange attractor.
		I am relieved to know that she may have had one, that she might have been conceived, that she is the outcome of some possible desire, that she might be somewhere in some dimension of self something other than the actualization of the virtual or the empty space of non-meaning.
		Impossible mourning seeks cure through a longing for a certain relational emptiness that often appears interpersonally as avoidant rejection but that is in fact an effort to rehabilitate the Other to whom they relate to its proper position across the caesura of alterity.
	www.psychematters.com /papers/emery3.htm (8322 words)

	Possible Objects
		Russell argues that since the round square is round and square, and since if an object is square it is not the case that it is round, it follows that the round square is such that both it is round and it is not the case that it is round, which is a contradiction.
		In this sense, the object which encodes goldenness and mountainhood is a possible object but the object which encodes squareness and roundness is not.
		A fictional object to which the story ascribes incompatible properties is simply an impossible object, but such an object is harmless because it does not exist.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/possible-objects (12189 words)

	Background Theory
		Because, impossible images are possible only when watching the model from a specific point of view, the software first must calculate the specific point of view (transformation) that will give the desirable effect.
		Because some objects like bars are symmetric, it is hard sometimes to differ one side of the objects from the other.
		Whenever the user insert a transformation that causes the scene graph to be impossible to solve, the software, automatically, tries to solve the graph with other transformations such as the same transformation combined with a rotation around the X, Y or Z axis.
	www.cs.technion.ac.il /~gotsman/Escher/Html/theory.html (1056 words)

	MODULARITY IN ART (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The interest of the mathematics and psychology of vision to research impossible 3D objects is mostly stimulated by Penrose impossible triangle and works by M.C.Escher, but their interesting interpretations could be found in the works by Piranesi, by Albers or in some Op-art works.
		"Are impossible figures possible?" This question is the title of the paper by Z.Kulpa, explaining that the property "to be an impossible figure" is not the property by the drawing alone, but the property of its spatial ("natural") interpretation by a viewer.
		The next question concerning impossible objects is their "degree of impossibility", this means, our ability to recognize them as impossible.
	www.mi.sanu.ac.yu /~jablans/d3.htm (4109 words)

	[No title]
		Nevertheless, a number of people find it impossible to be grateful, and we should be working to please them as well.
		And people will even go to war for this one: [Class] But you know, the whole notion of objects like this is that there are ways in which you treat them as a single thing, and ways in which you treat them as multiple things.
		This particular impossible object is often called a widget.
	dev.perl.org /perl6/talks/2003/onion2003/onion2003.txt.html (3649 words)

	Rhonda Roland Shearer / Marcel Duchamp's Impossible Bed... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ernst, however, states that the first "conscious construction" of an "impossible object" was in 1934 by Oscar Reutersvärd who did not realize the scientific importance of what he had done with his systematic working out of various impossible cubes, configurations and "forks" until he read the Penroses' 1958 paper.
		Evidence indicates that Duchamp's "Impossible Bed" was not an intuitive appreciation of an "impossible object" but a specific exploration of one case within his general category of perceptual illusions (for example, the convex/concave illusion in both Duchamp's "fig leaf" sculpture and magazine cover; and his cheese cover for the "first Papers of Surrealism") (Schwarz, 1997).
		Moreover, I recently discovered that Duchamp drew both an "impossible object" and a convex/concave illusion in his 1925 chess poster with its cascading and impossible and ambiguous cubes (Schwarz, 1997).
	www.marcelduchamp.org /ImpossibleBed/PartI/note1.html (270 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Aperiodic-impossible and sprialling infinite regress patterns based on the W. Infinite regress of an impossible object which is based on an Escher patterns and an infinite regress tessellation are both based on V,P,L and Z with N in a guest role.
		Impossible, infinite regress objects, infinite regress patterns and transition patterns made of L, P and V. Infinite regress pattern made from the P is capped by V's.
		Impossible objects like the harp, an impossible star of David (constructed out of pentominoes) and an impossible cross populate the scene.
	www.basic.northwestern.edu /g-buehler/pentominoes/platelst.htm (469 words)

	Optische Taeuschungen - Wikiminar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The impression tends to conform to the object as it is or is assumed to be, rather than to the actual stimulus; for example, perception of size constancy depends on cues that allow one a valid assessment of his distance from the object.
		This is because, on a level surface, as objects recede into the distance, not only does their visual angle get smaller, but they also rise in the visual field in relation to the horizon.
		The impossible cube or irrational cube is an impossible object that draws upon the ambiguity present in a Necker cube illustration.
	www.cg.tuwien.ac.at /courses/Seminar/WS2005/index.php/Optische_Taeuschungen (7509 words)

	CPROBES: Drive under suspicion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Desire fixates upon an object that is impossible, whereas drive circulates around a lost object.
		In the case of desire, the object remains the ultimate point of reference, the source to which always-raised, always-dashed messianic hopes are consecrated.
		The object the drive excessively fixates upon, meanwhile, is in no sense an ersatz or secondary substitute for an impossible, unattainable object; for the drive, there is no 'thing-in-itself'.
	www.cprobes.com /archives/2005/05/drive_under_sus.html (482 words)

	UC Davis Philosophy 175 (Mattey) Lecture Notes: Possibility, Existence, Necessity
		Although the definitions of possibility and necessity of existence tell us under what conditions an object conforming to a concept is possible and under what conditions it is necessary, they are silent about contingent existence, that is, existence that is possible but not necessary.
		One might object that such an object is therefore actual, though the time in which it exists is unknown.
		So an object which is perceived is actual, as is an unperceived object which is connected with a perceived object through causal laws.
	www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu /phildept/mattey/phi175/modalec.html (3135 words)

	Imaginary Numbers
		-2, etc., are consequently impossible or imaginary numbers, since they represent roots of negative quantities; and of such numbers we may truly assert that they are neither nothing, nor greater than nothing, nor less than nothing, which necessarily constitutes them imaginary or impossible.
		One may object, "That doesn't count"; but this is a mistake, on the basis of several interpretations.
		The effect of this, which elevates the subject to something nearing an equal partner with objects in reality, is to dignify non-existent objects, such as imaginary numbers, with greater reality than they would seem to possess otherwise.
	www.friesian.com /imagine.htm (3689 words)

	Dalkey Archive Press: An Interview with Nicholas Mosley
		At some stage in my life I got this obsession with "impossibilities," not in the first place as an idea but as an experience: love as both creative and destructive: peace being what people said they wanted, but being boring: happiness being what one aimed at, but which could not be held.
		This is the sort of "impossible" predicament that one can stand back from, however, as you say, and perhaps get some working view of it aesthetically: to do this is like learning a style, rather than a code of morals.
		One of the narrators in "Impossible Object" complains that literature has not yet confronted the complexities that other art forms have long ago addressed themselves to; I suspect that he is thinking in terms of form rather than content, though let's not get distracted here by talking about the relationship between the two.
	www.centerforbookculture.org /interviews/interview_mosley.html (10256 words)

	ESCHER ILLUSIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is an object that can be drawn, but not constructed, hence the name impossible objects.
		This triangle is an impossible object, the beams of the triangle appear to come towards and away from you at the same time.
		The triangle has areas that appear to be right or normal, but when taken as a whole object it becomes impossible.
	ahsmail.uwaterloo.ca /kin356/illusion/escher.HTML (149 words)

	Impossibles
		Impossible objects are two-dimensional drawings that your brain interprets as a three-dimensional image.
		The most famous impossible objects are the impossible trident and endless staircases.
		What follows is a small selection of some of his artwork, beginning with some impossible scenes.
	www.lewport.wnyric.org /jwanamaker/illusions_plus/illusions_impossibles.htm (134 words)

	Impossible Objects
		The oldest –known to me– example of an impossible scene: “Madonna and Child ~ Adoration of the Magi” from the Pericope of Henry II around 1025.
		The impossible architecture in that painting, however, seems not purposefully to me, in contrast to Hogarth’s ‘Frontispiece’.
		Often the first impossible object is attributed to Reutersvard (a design for a Swedish stamp), however Albers and Hogarth were clearly earlier.
	www.michaelbach.de /ot/cog_imposs1 (232 words)

	PuzzlePLAYGROUND - Impossible Object Explanation
		There are at least two ways to make this impossible object.
		In either cases to see reached impossible object correctly you will need to look at it from the certain perspective.
		How to compose the final object is shown in the same figure.
	www.puzzles.com /PuzzlePlayground/ImpossibleObject/ImpossibleObjectExp.htm (186 words)

	Xah: Projective Illusion
		Now, when the 3D object has rotated a 360°, in your program you switch to another 3D interpretation, so that, the effect being the object as if thru a 2D-space-hole suddenly and smoothly transformed into another, rather different, 3D object.
		When happened here is that a rectangular 3D object with 8 legs can be positioned in more than one way, such that their legs will have the same position in 2D projections.
		So, in Belvedere, the top block is positioned in one way, while the base block is positioned in another way, but both in a way such that their columns positions in 2D projection matches exactly.
	xahlee.org /Periodic_dosage_dir/t1/cimde_viska.html (871 words)

	XML.com: EXSLT for MSXML
		A namespace prefix is associated with an extension object.
		The code of this object is not inlined in the transformation and in fact the XSLT programmer may not know anything about it.
		In the object model of MSXML there is one method for obtaining a node set as result of evaluating an XPath expression.
	www.xml.com /pub/a/2003/08/06/exslt.html (1111 words)

	Rhonda Roland Shearer / Marcel Duchamp's Impossible Bed... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		I had a personal conversation with Roger Penrose in the Fall of 1997 and he was the one who suggested that I call Tony Penrose.
		I recently discovered that Duchamp had made other impossible figures; like his 1925 chess poster, composed of impossible cubes, which predated Reutervärd cubes done 9 years later in 1934.
		Hence this explains Duchamp's contradictory statement that "Art isn't made in factories" (Miller, 1936) -an amusing statement since the "readymades," we were led to believe, were mass-produced objects from factories! As we shall soon see, readymades were indeed altered and decidedly not unchanged, store-bought objects.
	www.marcelduchamp.org /ImpossibleBed/PartI/notespt1.html (1036 words)

	Zine-o-Rama : 'Impossible Object' : Pif No. 30 - November 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		I thought if I could overcome the academic pretensions of the name I'd probably find something of interest in Impossible Object, a hypertext journal from Brown University, home to Robert Coover and other seminal figures in literay hypertext folklore.
		The "Hypertext" section of Impossible Object starts off decently, with a bit of a rant about how the journal aims to present some high-quality hypertexts from Robert Arellano's seminar at Brown and elsewhere.
		I started to wonder just what it is that Bob Arellano teaches when I took a closer look at the Japanese-animation style cartoon sex-pot wearing fishnets, a dog collar and chain-and leather-braces that don't quite cover her nipples.
	www.pifmagazine.com /vol30/z_impossible.shtml (434 words)

	God's Omnipotence'
		This is because "a four-sided triangle" is a logically impossible object.
		So, since this half of the argument concludes that an omnipotent being is not omnipotent (the conclusion that the opponent of omnipotence desires) by considering a case where God is asked to do the logically impossible--especially on the left-hand side of this argument --we can appeal to Aquinas' Thesis in rebuttal.
		The left-hand side of this argument claims that God is not omnipotent because he cannot do the logically impossible.
	www.otterbein.edu /home/fac/ANDPMLLS/Religion/Omnipotence.htm (1149 words)

	The Impossible Object: Learning to Read the Signs of Love
		The text alludes to the impossibility that God is the object or source of this love.
		All the text allows us to do is to examine the fruits of love — and perhaps to read them onto the body of the earth as much as the body of the beloved (creation is itself the fruit of love, but whose love?).
		The whole body is loved and figures in the Song, and from the opening verse, 'Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth!' The body is described as beautiful because it is the object of love, but an impossible object, an object which defies description.
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /journals/ssr/issues/volume3/number2/ssr03-02-r15.html (2098 words)

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