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	A Fraternal History of Marin County California - Improved Order of Red Men
		Genessee Tribe, No. 207 Improved Order of Red Men, instituted April 1908, met in the Red Men hall in the Cochrane-McNear block of San Rafael (4th Street between C and D Streets, nearly across from the Odd Fellows Hall), which, when completed in May 1908 was the most spacious lodge room in San Rafael.
		The Improved Order of Red Men was founded in Baltimore in 1834 as a fraternal, social, insurance and political society in the United States.
		The Improved Order of Red Men apparently began as a working-class drinking society similar to the Odd Fellows of the time, until it was transformed by a protemperance faction in the 1830's.
	mill-valley.freemasonry.biz /marin_red_men.htm (4675 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: Fraternal Sickness Insurance
		Lodges in these orders often aided their members on a discretionary basis; that is where members were determined to be in "need" of assistance.
		The Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Improved Order of Red Men, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Fraternal Order of Eagles, the Ancient Order of Foresters and the Foresters of America were the largest orders in this group.
		The Ancient Order of Foresters was one of England's larger affiliated Orders and it had subordinate Courts and jurisdictions in North America.
	eh.net /encyclopedia/article/emery.insurance.fraternal (6650 words)

	Information
		Legally, The Improved Order of Red Men is a Patriotic Fraternity Chartered by Congress.
		Among the early groups were: The Sons of Liberty, Sons of Tamina, and the Society of Red Men.
		The Order continued to grow and by the mid-1920s there were tribes in 46 states and territories with a membership totaling over one-half million.
	www.redmen.org /redmen/rm_info.htm (1255 words)

	Improved Order of Red Men - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Improved Order of Red Men is a Fraternal Organization established in the Baltimore, Maryland in 1834.
		The organization claimed a membership of about half a million in 1935, but has declined to less than 38,000.
		The Improved Order of Red Men History in Marin County, California
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Improved_Order_of_Red_Men (132 words)

	University of Delaware: POWELL FAMILY PAPERS
		The order germinated from the tradition of secret societies which dated back before the American Revolution, and claimed to be a direct descendant of the Tammany societies which existed throughout the revolutionary period.
		Membership in the order declined throughout the early 20th century, as apathy among members and the increasing number of welfare programs sponsored by the federal government undercut the spirit and purpose of this and other fraternal orders.
		By 1942 the Improved Order of Red Men could claim only 902 members in all of Delaware, and interest had waned so much in Newark that in 1953 the house was sold to the University of Delaware's Theta Chi fraternity.
	www.lib.udel.edu /ud/spec/findaids/powell.htm (2335 words)

	IORM Improved Order of Red Men
		The Masons are similar to the Order of Red Men in that they have patterned their rituals and work after the Ancient Masonic Craftsman.
		With the formation of a national organization, the Order of Red Men soon spread, and within 30 years there were State Great Councils in 21 states with a membership of over 150,000.
		In November 1878, the Improved Order of Red Men organized the National Haymakers' Association which was its "fun" or "friendship" branch that was formed in response to the success of the Masonic Shrine of North America which had been founded in 1870.
	www.phoenixmasonry.org /masonicmuseum/fraternalism/red_men.htm (1162 words)

	Secret Organizations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The emblems of the Order are the white dove, urn of incense, lilies of the valley, and horn of plenty.
		Red Men (Improved Order of Red Men) - This order claimed to be the oldest secret society of purely American origin.
		A Society of Red Men was founded in 1813, but the Improved Order of Red Men sought to distance itself from the Society of Red Men due to its known love of the "fire water." Indian nomenclature was established in the Improved Order.
	www.home.earthlink.net /~promethean/secrets.html (2312 words)

	Fraternalism in America
		The country got its first American-made lodge in 1834 with the founding of the Order of Red Men which supposedly traces its origins back to the Sons of Liberty, a secret (and undoubtedly revolutionary) order of the Revolutionary War.
		Every single aspect of their order has been written down and anyone wishing to know what the order is all about can do so with a little diligent library work.
		Root, a member of the AOUW, was inspired by a sermon on the clearing of land for settlement and was moved to establish the Modern Woodmen of America, a fraternal benefit society with the goal of clearing away financial problems caused by the death of a breadwinner.
	www.phoenixmasonry.org /masonicmuseum/fraternalism/fraternalism_in_america.htm (3179 words)

	West Virginia Historical Society Quarterly
		The Red Men trace their origins to the decade or so prior to the American Revolution when patriotic groups of mechanics and merchants in several colonies formed secret councils generally known as Sons of Liberty whose purpose was to oppose British mercantile policies.
		The origins, symbols, and ritual of the Improved Order of Red Men often made their Lodge Hall and its activities an important adjunct to miners' struggles to organize the southern West Virginia coal fields at the turn of the century.
		Interviews with surviving Red Men indicate that the Lodge Hall could be used for union organization meetings in order to get around coal company prohibitions on such gatherings.(13) Interviews also indicate that the mutual aid aspect of Redmanship was transferable to the entire community through its efforts in helping to establish cooperative stores.
	www.wvculture.org /history/wvhs1701.html (2166 words)

	Reader's Companion to American History - -FRATERNAL SOCIETIES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The origins of fraternal orders are obscured by a tangle of implausible legends and dubi ous histories.
		The Improved Order of Red Men, established in the 1830s, claimed descent from the Sons of Liberty of the American Revolution.
		The order especially appealed to an emerging middle class of lawyers, commercial farmers, and independent tradesmen, many of whom were growing impatient with orthodox religion and established political elites.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_033000_fraternalsoc.htm (1124 words)

	Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first fraternal order of American origin was the Improved Order of Red Men, established in 1773, which included in its ritual many Native American customs.
		Many other fraternal orders was further limited by the increasing urbanization of American life that became especially marked during the first decades of the 20th century.
		Among the large orders, in addition to the Freemasons and the Odd Fellows, are the Order of Eastern Star, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Benevolent and Protective order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias, and the Knights of Columbus.
	www.redmen156.com (337 words)

	(GCH2Q5) "Hail to the Sunrise" by Don (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After years of fundraising, it was erected by the Improved Order of the Red Men and their women’s auxiliary, the Allied Councils of Pocahontas of the Old Deerfield conference.
		The Improved Order of Red Men and Degree of Pocahontas were consolidated in 1834 from the St. Tamina Society, the Sons of Liberty and the Society of Red Men.
		The Improved Order is the United States oldest benevolent society of distinctively American origin.
	www.geocaching.com /seek/cache_details.aspx?ID=97967 (981 words)

	Magazine Antiques: The Chief Tammany weather vane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Chief Tammany vane once served as the symbol of the East Branch, New York, lodge of the Improved Order of Red Men, a fraternal organization that based its ceremonial regalia and rituals on Indian lore and legend.
		The East Branch "tribe" of the Red Men was established in 1889 at a time of great expansion in the organization,(4) and it is probable that the weather vane dates from that period, although exactly when it was made is not known.
		Another weather vane associated with the Red Men is in the Shelburne Museum in Shelburne, Vermont.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1026/is_n1_v151/ai_19191877 (1312 words)

	PEACE PARTY - Stereotype of the Month contest
		The Degree of Pocahontas is the Women's Auxiliary of The Improved Order of Red Men.
		This site is an order of people who call themselves patriots yet they call themselves red men, mocking the first people of this continent.
		That the Red Men's goals are to preserve America's free government, its democratic way of life, and "the traditions and history of this great Country" is rather ironic.
	www.bluecorncomics.com /stype431.htm (870 words)

	Improved Order of Red Man (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Improved Order of Red Men was founded in 1834 in Baltimore.
		The order's degrees are called Adoption, Hunter, Warrior, and Chief.
		Red Men have sponsored two youth groups, the Degree of Hiawatha for boys and the Degree of Anona for girls.
	www.patersonhistory.com /people/clubs/redman.html (197 words)

	Freemasonry’s Choice To Live
		Flickering shadows, cast by gaslight or kerosene lamps, crossed and recrossed the window shades as men in colorful costumes engaged in rituals of their "secret" societies of which there were hundreds.
		Men have always been busy, and they have always found time to do the things that meet their needs.
		Many younger men are in Lodge today because the Masons were simply there when they were growing up, taking them to father-son games and banquets, and being there when they needed someone to talk to.
	www.srmason-sj.org /council/journal/jul99/manning.html (1076 words)

	History: Fraternal Societies & Service Organizations - Jamestown, Indiana, USA
		The Improved Order of Red Men Lodge, known as the Calumet Tribe No. 166, was organized on March 27, 1893.
		The Order was a patriotic organization with freedom and patriotism as its cornerstone.
		The Organization was the women's affiliate of the Calumet Tribe of the Improved Order of the Red Men of Jamestown.
	www.bccn.boone.in.us /jamestown/fraternalhistory.htm (1306 words)

	A Fraternal History of Marin County California
		It must be stressed that although Freemasonry recognizes many of these men as Freemasons, no recognized Masonic body, and few Freemasons, accept their opinions and conclusions as an acceptable or valid extension or interpretation of the teachings of Freemasonry.
		It seems clear that there was a sufficiently large population of German speaking residents in Marin to support a number of German speaking Stamms (lodges) of the Red Men long after the apparent reconciliation of the two Red Men orders.
		Freemasonry's ability to survive such trying times is a testament to its originality and continuing relevance to men of all backgrounds, religions, and age groups who have a sincere interest in improving themselves, forming meaningful friendships and being useful to those around them.
	mill-valley.freemasonry.biz /marin-fraternities-01.htm (4224 words)

	Improved Order Of Red Men
		GCR Medard J. Lizotte, PGS of Red Jacket Tribe #28 and outgoing GCR Richard Thuemler, PGS of Tehama Tribe #203.
		The National Charity project of the Improved Order of Red Men is "ALZHEIMERS".
		The Degree of Hiawatha is a Junior Tribe of Red Men composed of boys 8 years and older.
	www.geocities.com /michaelg98982001/redmen.html (2407 words)

	[No title]
		Our group saw the Improved Order of Red Men to be nothing more than a working class drinking group.According to Grimes, he saw this Order of Red Men as a way to be reborn with a complete sense of masculinity.
		Later, this improved order of Red Men was recreated with a script.
		The idea was proposed that perhaps the reason the girl's onset of menses was marked by such an abusive rite is that the the society is patriarchal, and the men have created this rite to imply that the women are flawed in some way.
	www.stthomasu.ca /~parkhill/rite100/grprep7.htm (1396 words)

	Tombstone Emblems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The fundamental tenants of the order are "toleration in religion, obedience to law, and loyalty to government."
		The most typical emblems associated with the Knights of Pythias are: A sword laid on an open Bible; crossed swords; a skull and cross bones; a sprig of myrtle; spikes; and a knight's helmet with visor, headsman axe, and knight's sword.
		The Independent Order of Odd Fellows was founded on the North American Continent in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 26, 1819 when Thomas Wildey and four members of the Order from England instituted Washington Lodge No. 1.
	www.gabartow.org /cemEmblems.shtml (626 words)

	A Fraternal History of Marin County California
		OOH Oriental Order of Humility was criticized as a "side degree" for Odd Fellows as being "indecent and contrary to good morals, certainly of an unbecoming and discreditable character" by the Grand Sire of Odd Fellows July 5, 1870
		OOHand P Oriental Order of Humility and Perfection, was a group founded c.1880 for Odd Fellows whose motto was "We Never Sleep." The ritual was based on the legend of Xerxes, King of Persia who succeeded his father Darius in 485 BC.
		OUAM Order of United American Mechanics, founded in 1845 as the Union of Workers and was later absorbed by its progeny, the Junior Order of United Mechanics which it had founded in 1853
	mill-valley.freemasonry.biz /marin-fraternities-06.htm (4386 words)

	PCA Historical Center: Documents of Synod (RPCES) - 1955 BPC Statement Concerning Oath-Bound Societies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This study of oath-bound secret societies includes such popular orders as the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Improved Order of Red Men, the Woodmen of the World, and the Order of the Eastern Star.
		Their rituals, secrets, objects and purposes are all patterned after the Order of Free Masonry.
		This committee would like to point out that these secret societies are unmistakenly religious in their nature propagating teaching that man can approach God by good works, as in any religion of man where the Bible is not the center.
	www.pcanet.org /history/findingaids/rpces/docsynod/262.html (869 words)

	The Tecumseh Theater Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The three story structure was known as a "skyscraper" when it was built in 1907 by the Improved Order of Red Men, one of the many fraternal organizations that existed in the Little Cities of Black Diamonds Coal Region at the turn of the last century.
		The top story of the building was built as the headquarters for the Red Men’s Lodge, complete with small office rooms and a large ball room where the organization’s meetings and ceremonies were held.
		A fire in the building adjacent to the Red Men’s Hall in the 1960’s severely damaged the theater roof.
	www.littlecitiesofblackdiamonds.org /Tecumseh/tecumseh_theatre.htm (1200 words)

	Labette County, Part 9
		He is a member of the I. F., also grand master at arms of the State of Kansas in the order of the Knights of Pythias.
		He is also chief of records of the Improved Order of Red Men, and grand watchman of the Grand Lodge of the Ancient Order United Workmen, of the State of Kansas.
		He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Postmaster, also past chancellor of the K. of P. and a member of the Order of Red Men.
	www.kancoll.org /books/cutler/labette/labette-co-p9.html (4391 words)

	Secret Societies
		The Fraternal Order of Knights of Pythias was an international fraternity, founded in Washington, DC, February 19, 1864, by Justus H. Rathbone, and was the first to be chartered by an act of Congress.
		The IORM's stated goal is: "to perpetuate the beautiful legends and traditions of a vanishing race and to keep alive its customs, ceremonies and philosophies."
		The Bellefonte camp of Red Men was formally organized on Monday evening, August 18, 1902.
	bellefonte.topcities.com /secretsocieties/page3.html (949 words)

	Haymakers
		The first group was founded in 1879 as the fun and honor group (or side degree) of the Improved Order of Red Men.
		It appeared that all candidates seeking initiation into the order were referred to as "tramps".
		The second order, the Ancient and Honorable Order of Haymakers, was fictitious.
	www.phoenixmasonry.org /masonicmuseum/fraternalism/haymakers.htm (727 words)

	Directory - CDNet.com
		Order of the Stone Circle - A national fraternal organization for men following a secret druid tradition but not religion.
		United Ancient Order of Druids in Marin County, California, USA - Home page for several Groves of the United Ancient Order of Druids, containing history of the organization, contact information, and links.
		Fraternal Associations, Fraternal Orders and Freemasonry - Article on the changes in society and their effects on fraternalism.
	www.cdnet.com /cd/index.cgi?dir=/Society/Organizations/Fraternal (282 words)

	organizations
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		Slavonic Benevolent Order of the Slate of Texas
	www.angelfire.com /ks/windshipgenhelp/organiz.html (134 words)

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