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Topic: Imputation economics

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Friedrich von Wieser

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	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In other words, the juridical principle of imputation is the labor theory of property applied in the context of civil and criminal trials, and the labor theory of property is the juridical principle applied in the context of property appropriation.
		The idea of imputation (Zurechnung) as the specific connection of the delict with the sanction is implied in the juristic judgment that an individual is, or is not, legally responsible (zurechnungsfähig) for his behavior.
		Economics tends to use one symmetrical picture of the other; either the active or poetic view where all the factors are symmetrical active agents of production or the passive or engineering view where all the factors are symmetrical passive inputs to production.
	cog.kent.edu /lib/Ellerman4/Chapter3.htm (4359 words)

	Buchanan: Collected Works, Buchanan and Tullock, The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional ...
		In more general terms, the condition required for an imputation to exhibit Pareto optimality is that the sum of the gains to all individuals be at least as much as the whole group could gain if the members chose to act as a grand all-inclusive coalition.
		The solution imputation will continue to be Pareto-optimal, however, so long as condition (4) holds: that is, so long as the sum of the individual gains in any solution imputation is as much as the whole group could gain by acting through an all-inclusive coalition.
		The set of imputations, F, the solution to the generalized game, is shown at A. At this point the member of the minority is deprived of all assets, and the two members of the majority coalition symmetrically share the gains, which are equivalent to the whole product.
	www.econlib.org /library/Buchanan/buchCv3c12.html (4757 words)

	Imputation (economics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In economics, the theory of imputation, first expounded by Friedrich von Wieser, maintains that factor prices are determined by output prices.
		The imputation theory was important because it addressed the question of economic value.
		Marginalist economists such as Carl Menger and the Austrian School maintained that value was not made up of the factors that made up a good; instead, it was made up of the most valuable use that the last good could be put to—the marginal utility of the finished good.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imputation_(economics) (234 words)

	Hayek and Market Socialism: Science, Ideology, and Public Policy - Mises Institute
		Hayek's early work in technical economics was precisely on this issue and as we will see it is through studying this process of imputation that he became sensitized to the misleading influence of equilibrium theorizing with regard to the complexity of this economic adjustment process through time.
		The rule of law is an essential component for economic progress, and the generality of law (as opposed to special privilege) provides the predictability required of economic activity to achieve an advanced state.
		Its main conclusion was that the task of economic theory was to explain how an overall order of economic activity was achieved which utilized a large amount of knowledge which was not concentrated in any one mind but existed only as separate knowledge of thousands or millions of different individuals.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.aspx?Id=1661 (5359 words)

	Eliminating ‘Double Taxation’: The Dividend Imputation Alternative
		One such mechanism is the dividend imputation system, or shareholder credit system, which has been used in other developed countries and which was the integration approach advocated by the AICPA in the mid-1990s.
		Dividend imputation operates to ensure that distributed corporate income is taxed at the individual shareholder’s rate, with the corporate tax serving effectively as a form of withholding tax on corporate income.
		In contrast, dividend imputation reduces the incentives to artificially lower taxable income at the corporate level because distributed corporate income is ultimately taxed at the shareholder’s marginal rate regardless of the corporate rate.
	www.nysscpa.org /printversions/cpaj/2004/804/p15.htm (1234 words)

	Capitalism: A Treatise on Economics
		Economic inequality is unjust and the legitimate basis for class warfare.
		Economic progress is a ravaging of the planet and, in the form of improvements in efficiency, a cause of unemployment and depressions.
		Following an exhaustive economic analysis of virtually every aspect of capitalism, the book's concluding chapter is devoted to the presentation of a long-range political-economic program for the achievement of a fully capitalist society.
	www.capitalism.net (1951 words)

	THE AUSTRIAN SCHOOL
		After the 1871 presentation of his revolutionary subjective theory of value, Carl Menger was challenged by Gustav Schmoller and the recurrent debate on method (methodenstreit) which ensued between them and their followers divided the German-speaking world neatly: Austria and its universities for the Austrian School; Germany and its universities for the German Historical School.
		With Böhm-Bawerk already dead, Wieser approaching death and Schumpeter enrolled by the Marxians as a half-willing accomplice, the mantle for the defense of the laissez-faire and marginalist economics fell largely upon the shoulders of Ludwig von Mises and his students.
		Professor of economics at the University of Vienna.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/schools/austrian.htm (2417 words)

	Department of Economics - Courses
		An examination of the distinctive features of the major schools of economic theory as they emerged during the last decades of the 19th century, and of the ways in which their views have shaped 20th-century ideas.
		Topics include the utilitarian foundation of modern welfare economics, the economic basis of moral rules, interpersonal comparisons of utility, wealth maximization, social cost-benefit analysis, the economic value of human life, and the critique of utilitarianism.
		Aim is to provide an understanding of economic relationships in the Latin American-Caribbean region through an examination of the leading issues and key problems that these countries face in developing and modernizing their economies.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/econ/courses (3079 words)

	History of Economic Thought: The Austrian School
		Austrian economics, by most observers of economic science, is viewed as closely associated with classical liberalism politics.
		Rhetorically, Mises is both political radical and economic theory conservative and political conservative and economic theory radical.
		He also served as the director of the Austrian Institute for Economic Research (a research Institute founded by Mises) before moving to the U.S. In the 1930's, Morgenstern wrote a paper highlighting the contraditions inherent in the idea of perfect foresight and general equilibrium theory.
	www.ceu.hu /crc/Syllabi/west-syllabi/documents/Economics/boettke.html (3045 words)

	Economics Working Papers
		Abstract: This paper presents a Generalized Method of Moments algorithm for estimating the structural parameters of a macroeconomic model subject to the restriction that the coefficients of the monetary policy rule minimize the central bank's expected loss function.
		Penn, David A. Economic Recovery and Growth in Middle Tennessee.
		The paper focuses on heterogeneity in the behavioral responses of economic actors that belong to different economically meaningful groups, such as the young, middle-aged, and old.
	www.mtsu.edu /~berc/working/Economics_Working_Papers.html (2033 words)

	Category Economics - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Economics is a social science that studies human behavior and welfare as a relationship between ends socially required andscarce means which have alternative uses (Lionel Robbins, 1935).
		(This is not the only definition of economics; instead it is the dominant one.) Many of thearguments and techniques of modern economics involve mathematics, ranging from simple school-level mathematics to highly advancedmathematical techniques.
		See the list of economics topics for a farmore comprehensive list of economics topics.
	www.free-web-encyclopedia.com /default.asp?t=Category:Economics (129 words)

	The Review of Network Economics, Conferences/Announcements
		CRA International is offering three short courses focussed on the economics of infrastructure and telecommunications regulation and competition economics in Australia.
		This course covers the economics of telecommunications including the nature of costs and demand, firm entry and investment incentives, and the role of platform competition.
		This course covers the essential elements that are necessary to understand the economic rationale for competition law and the current debate on the reform of the Trade Practices Act.
	www.rnejournal.com /conn_announce.html (768 words)

	HERC - Resources - FAQ - Finding and Using Healthcare Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Multiple imputation methods randomly draw observations from a fitted distribution for the covariates and the outcome variable.
		The component steps of all imputation methods may be carried out using a small number of commands, such as RESAMPLE (sampling with replacement), REGRESS (linear regression), and BS (bootstrapping).
		Imputation strategies for missing data in a school-based multi-centre study: the Pathways study.
	www.herc.research.med.va.gov /resources/faq_i10.asp (1581 words)

	10th UK Stata Users Group meetings: Abstracts
		In medicine, for example, observations may be missing in a sporadic way for different covariates; a complete-case analysis may omit as many as half of the available cases.
		`Hotdeck' imputation was implemented in Stata by Mander and Clayton (1999).
		The basic idea of data analysis with multiple imputation is to create a small number (e.g., 3–5) copies of the data, each of which has the missing values suitably imputed.
	www.stata.com /meeting/10uk/abstracts.html (3746 words)

	Imputation (economics) Essays from EssayTailor - High-quality custom term paper and custom essay writing service. (via ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		EssayTailor is honored and respected by its customers and partners for the professionalism and originality of writing, and for the caring and friendly attitude to the customers.
		Your Custom Essay on Imputation (economics) prepared by EssayTailor will correspond to the high standards of quality, while as all your instructions, wishes, and preferences will be considered.
		Imputation (economics), or any other topic you chose will be deeply researched by our staff writers, and then, the topic will be covered in the essay according to your instructions.
	www.essaytailor.com.cob-web.org:8888 /topic-imputation-(economics).html (215 words)

	Classics in Austrian Economics published by Pickering & Chatto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This collection presents the key developments in the 120 year history of the Austrian School of Economics from the 1870s to the writings of Mises and Hayek.
		He is author of The Meaning of Market Process, Essays in the Development of Modern Austrian Economics (1992), Discovery, Capitalism and Distributive Justice (1989), Discovery and the Capitalist Process (1985), Perception, Opportunity and Profit Studies in the Theory of Entrepreneurship (1988), and Competition and Entrepreneurship (1973).
		'Classics in Austrian Economics is an indispensable collection of material for scholars and students committed to serious study of the Austrian tradition.
	www.pickeringchatto.com /austrianeconomics.htm (208 words)

	SSRN-Tax Strategies and Dividend Imputation: The Effect of Foreign and Domestic Ownership on Average Effective Tax ...
		This study examines how dividend imputation affects the incentive of New Zealand firms to minimise tax.
		Because imputation credits cannot be passed to shareholders unless dividends are paid, we expect firms to pursue different tax paying strategies depending on their level of foreign ownership and their dividend payout ratios.
		After September 1993 when imputation credits were extended to non-resident portfolio shareholders, we expect that firms with high foreign ownership and high dividend payouts would have less incentive to minimise tax.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=242778 (347 words)

	Friedrich von Wieser
		In developing these ideas, Wieser can be credited with turning Neoclassical economics firmly towards the study of scarcity and resource allocation - a fixed quantity of resources and unlimited wants - all based on the principle of marginal utility.
		Wieser's imputation theory allowed that single principle to be applied everywhere.
		Wieser is renowned for two main works, Natural Value (1889), which carefully details the alternative cost doctrine and the theory of imputation, and his Social Economics (1914), which is an ambitious attempt to apply it to the real world.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/wieser.htm (365 words)

	List of economics topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This aims to be a complete list of the articles on economics.
		It does not include articles about economists, who are listed in the list of economists.
		Economics es:Lista de artículos relacionados con la economía fr:Liste des articles d'économie ro:Listă de articole economice
	list-of-economics-topics.kiwiki.homeip.net (325 words)

	Social Science Statistics Blog: Resources for Multiple Imputation
		In the back of your mind you recall your stats teacher saying that listwise deletion is unlikley to result in valid estimates but hitherto you have simply ignored these caveats.
		As is well known in the statistcial literature on the missing data problem, MI is not the silver bullet for dealing with missing values.
		Last but not least, I recommend searching for "multiple imputation" on Andrew Gelman's blog; you will find many of interesting entries on the topic.
	www.iq.harvard.edu /blog/sss/archives/2006/02/ressources_for.shtml (701 words)

	Research - Sam M. Walton College of Business
		A common mechanism in use in other industrialized countries for handling this is through imputation credits.
		In this system, company shareholders receive imputation credits, which are tax credits equal to the corporate tax paid by the company on the dividends.
		The United Kingdom and Germany represented countries that have an imputation credit, but no tax credit for R&D, while the United States and Japan represented countries with a tax credit for R&D, but no imputation credit.
	waltoncollege.uark.edu /faculty/research.asp?article=RU1-1b (669 words)

	Barry T. Hirsch at IDEAS
		"Match Bias from Earnings Imputation in the Current Population Survey: The Case of Imperfect Matching," IZA Discussion Papers 1846, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
		"Economics Departmental Rankings: Comment [Economics Departmental Rankings: Research Incentives, Constraints, and Efficiency]," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol.
		Department of Economics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Connecticut using
	ideas.repec.org /e/phi17.html (1320 words)

	Department of Economics
		Research in international factor mobility, the economics of illegal immigration, U.S. – Mexico trade, political economy of trade and immigration legislation, and the Mexican financial market.
		Research in labor economics includes the measurement of wage differentials, empirical analysis of labor unions, wage determination in regulated and deregulated industries, and the role of race and gender in the labor market.
		Research in labor economics, empirical analysis of unions, earnings imputation, health care labor markets, the labor market for workers with disabilities, hospital competition and technology investment.
	www.trinity.edu /departments/economics/faculty.html (299 words)

	NYU - (FAS) Economics Department - CURRICULUM VITAE - Mario Rizzo
		Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Economics, New York University (1988 -- 1990).
		Research Fellow in Law and Economics, University of Chicago Law School (winter and spring, 1981).
		Edited at Law and Economics Center, Emory University and published by Macmillan.
	www.nyu.edu /econ/dept/vitae/rizzom.htm (835 words)

	EconPapers: Market Arbitrage of Cash Dividends and Franking Credits
		Between 1 April 1986 and 30 May 2004 the Government of the day introduced six major legislative amendments intent on improving the efficiency of the dividend imputation system.
		Keywords: Dividend imputation; cash dividends; franking credits; drop-off ratio; tax legislation; structural breaks.
		Econpapers is hosted by the Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics at Örebro University.
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/mlbwpaper/947.htm (247 words)

	Washington Statistical Society - 2004 Seminars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 2003, the Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Clive Granger "for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)" and to Rob Engle "for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)".
		The use of mass imputation is employed to focus on where the sample is "representative." Formally we expand Royall's original idea to quantify the degree to which a given sample is representative.
		The way we approach this is to massively employ nearest-neighbor imputation to connect the balanced sample drawn with the population elements by matching the two together on the frame variables.
	www.scs.gmu.edu /~wss/sem2004.html (11353 words)

	SSRN-Match Bias from Earnings Imputation in the Current Population Survey: The Case of Imperfect Matching by ...
		Wage equation parameters are estimated based on mixed samples of workers who do and do not report earnings, the latter group being assigned earnings of donors who share some but not all the attributes of the recipients.
		Regressions that include attributes not used as imputation match criteria (e.g., union status) are severely biased.
		Bollinger, Christopher R. and Hirsch, Barry T., "Match Bias from Earnings Imputation in the Current Population Survey: The Case of Imperfect Matching" (November 2005).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=858964 (419 words)

	imputation - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "imputation" is defined.
		imputation : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Example: "The imputation that my success was due to nepotism meant that I was not taken seriously"
	www.onelook.com /?w=imputation (214 words)

	Lara K
		Donna Gilleskie Department of Economics UNC-Chapel Hill
		Wilbert van der Klaauw Department of Economics UNC-Chapel Hill
		Thomas A. Mroz Department of Economics UNC-Chapel Hill
	www.unc.edu /~lkbryant/lbryant_CV.htm (130 words)

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