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Topic: Inflight refueling

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	Computer imaging system and method for remote in-flight aircraft refueling - Patent 5530650
		The refueling system as recited in claim 14, wherein said first aircraft is a tanker aircraft, said second aircraft is the aircraft to be refueled, said first structure is a refueling boom, and said second structure is a boom receptacle.
		The refueling system as recited in claim 14, wherein said locating means determines motion of the first structure relative to the first and second aircraft and of the second structure relative to the first and second aircraft by utilizing trigonometric analysis of triangular relationships between the structures and the aircraft.
		In refueling operations utilizing the boom system, the tanker aircraft is flown in a level flight path while the receiver aircraft is flown into a desired position to enable proper mating of the aircraft boom and receiver aircraft receptacle.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5530650.html (6041 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		An important port with extensive facilities, it is also a refueling station, a holding area for ships entering the canal, and a center for the storage and refining of oil.
		space station space station or space platform, artificial earth satellite, usually manned, that is placed in a fixed orbit and can serve as a base for astronomical observations; zero-gravity materials processing; satellite assembly, refueling, and repair; or, possibly, as weapons platforms.
		It is a major port for NE Africa, as well as an international transshipment and refueling center.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Inflight+refueling (486 words)

	Aerial refueling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nowadays, specialized tanker aircraft have equipment specially designed for the task of offloading fuel to the receiver aircraft, based on Hunter's design, even at the higher speeds modern jet aircraft typically need to remain airborne.
		The drogue (or para-drogue), sometimes called a basket, is a fitting resembling a plastic shuttlecock, attached to a flexible hose at its narrow end, with a valve where the two meet.
		Engineers at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center are evaluating the capability of an F/A-18A aircraft as an in-flight refueling tanker to develop analytical models for an automated aerial refueling system for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inflight_refueling (1535 words)

	Aerial refueling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nowadays, specialized tanker aircraft have equipment especially designed for the task of offloading fuel to the receiver aircraft without spillage, even at the higher speeds modern jet aircraft typically need to remain airborne.
		The drogue, sometimes called a basket, is a fitting resembling a plastic badminton shuttlecock (not the feathered kind), attached to a flexible hose at its narrow end, with a valve where the two meet.
		A famous example of refueling used in this manner in movies can be seen in the opening credits of (a fictional movie, but the scenes are from actual B-52 refueling).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/aerial_refueling (1253 words)

	MacDill AFB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Inflight refueling operations started in May 1952 with KC-97s refueling B-47s on operational training missions leading toward combat ready status.
		ARS KC-97s, and flew non-stop from Fairford to MacDill.
		In 1954 SAC designated specific air refueling organizations and the 306th Air Refueling Squadron became ready to support B-47 operations across the command.
	www.306thbw.org /306thhistory/history_MacDill.htm (994 words)

	Flightinfo.com Hangar - Inflight refueling
		Every time I've ever seen a shot of aerial refueling ops (-135s, KC-10s, etc.), the aircraft (both the tanker and the refuelees) appear to be in a shallow bank.....
		While aerial refueling can theoretically be accomplished at any bank angle (we demoed 90 degrees at CFIC) the normal limit is 30 degrees, and the vast majority is conducted wings level, level flight.
		In a 130, we were at max-get-it to refuel jets and the jets were near stall speed.
	forums.flightinfo.com /printthread.php?t=44512 (2481 words)

	Code One Magazine: Aerial Refueling — January 1993
		Three refueling hoses were fitted to the bomber, one from the fuselage and one each from a pod mounted under each wing.
		While no refueling hose is fitted to refuel probe-equipped aircraft, a special nine-foot adapter hose and drogue can be attached to the boom on the ground.
		A flight of two KC-135s led by Maj. Herb Otten of the 452nd Air Refueling Wing was orbiting in Saudi Arabia near the Israeli border awaiting a return strike force of F-16s when an AWACS advised that the F-16s were low on fuel and that one had sustained serious battle damage.
	www.codeonemagazine.com /archives/1993/articles/jan_93/jana_93.html (4123 words)

	C 130 Refueling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The C130 Hercules has unsurpassed versatility and rescue spacecapsule recovery helicopter refueling landing on snow and ice gun While the C130 technically had a Class A free year an HC130P was directly involved in an HH60 Helicopter Class A that caused the death of six aviators.
		The KC130F made its first test been fitted with an inflight refueling receptacle to extend their additional searchandrescue HC130 tanker aircraft are located units.
		The aircraft were stripped of refueling gear and used for support of fleet operations Naval forces in Vietnam.
	c.rosie2.info /c-com/c-130-refueling.html (453 words)

	Aerial Refueling
		Because radio communication was unreliable at this time, the pilots in the two planes communicated by notes dropped to the ground and by hand signals, flashlight signals, ground panels, and messages written on flboards carried in the planes.
		It is the equivalent of refueling your car by connecting it to a tanker truck while driving down the highway at high speed.
		Another important development was the "single-point refueling system" on receiver aircraft, which allowed all of an airplane's several fuel tanks to be refilled from a single spot instead of from multiple nozzles around the airplane.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Evolution_of_Technology/refueling/Tech22.htm (1690 words)

	RD&PE Zvezda JSC - Inflight Refueling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		n 1968 the works on the unified in-flight refueling pod (УПАЗ) were started in order to provide a system which could refuel all types of aircraft (from a light fighter to heavy transport aircraft).
		Using the in-coming airflow energy, it transfers to a refueled aircraft up to 2700 liters of fuel per minute.
		urrently there are 3 refueling pod modifications in operation which are installed in Su-24, Su-27, IL-78, IL-78M to refuel Su-24, Su-27, MiG-29, MiG-31, Tu-95MC, Tu-160, А-50, А-40 and their modifications.
	www.zvezda-npp.ru /english/06.htm (163 words)

	Instrumented Refueling Test Tankers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Currently there are two major refueling aircraft in the Air Force inventory, the KC-135 and the KC-10.
		Instrumented aerial refueling is required to safely test and certify aircraft for in-flight aerial refueling.
		A instrumentation pallet is maintained at Edwards Air Force Base for rapid installation on a modified KC-10A aircraft possessed by AMC for certification testing behind KC-10 aircraft.
	www.edwards.af.mil /capabilities/docs_html/refueling_tankers.html (105 words)

	THE GREAT PLANES Community - Inflight refueling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This was one weak link in how in-flight refueling worked in those days, and is still one today to some extent.
		Another is the unfortunate series of mishaps in American due to and in the field of in-flight refueling, which were mostly due to poor preparation, communication, or training.
		American military aviation enthusiasts were unenthusiastic about refueling of this type, thinking it dangerous, unproven, and a needless annoyance.
	www.tgplanes.com /public/snitz/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=332 (1365 words)

	In-flight propellant transfer spaceplane design and testing considerations
		Inflight refueling accidents are unheard of in flight test.
		The tanker is itself much higher than it routinely flies for refueling operations, and the angle of attack needed to stay on the tanker could lead to the boom striking the fuselage.
		It was assumed in the early stages of analysis of the inflight propellant transfer concept that the optimal point for separation from the tanker was as high and as fast as the tanker could go.
	www.islandone.org /Launch/BlackHorse-PropTransfer.html (6898 words)

	Aerial Refueling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A Boeing B-52H being refueled by a Boeing KC-135A.
		Aerial refueling allows aircraft engines to receive fuel while in flight and today is common for many large air forces.
		Aerial refueling is now exclusively a military operation, despite Sir Alan Cobham's vision of using it for commercial aircraft.
	www.1903to2003.gov /essay/Evolution_of_Technology/refueling/Tech22.htm (1690 words)

	Re: AF1 range/route/refueling?
		What was the average cost for each passenger with and without > inflight refueling, how large a subsididy was the British Government > willing to pay in peacetime/wartime, how much would a passenger be > willing to pay in peacetime.
		Its quite true that seat price was not the driving factor it is now but I suspect that cost was still an issue and not having to land in nothern canadian waters in a flying boat was seen as a real plus.
		Flying from London to Singapore non-stop takes around 12.5 hours and even if there was no need to refuel the aircraft there's a need at that point to swap cabin crews (they already carry extra flight crew) and clean and re-supply the aircraft.
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/rec.aviation.military/msg15139.html (625 words)

	Global Power
		For example, a unit may be scheduled to conduct a Global Power mission by forward-basing closer to the east or west coast of the CONUS to cut down on flight time and inflight refueling needs.
		When possible, units should request inflight refueling within 800 miles of the tanker base to cut down on tanker flying hours.
		Inflight reports must be made to the unit command post.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/global-power.htm (1801 words)

	A Wake-Up Call For Air Refueling
		SAC became the focal point for all air refueling, and it was SAC bombers that were the primary beneficiary of the early refueling efforts.
		Those that were, were able to refuel enroute to Israel thus cutting the delivery times and lessening airport congestion at intermediate refueling stops.
		By reducing the number of tankers committed to strategic refueling and by accelerating the procurement of the KC-135R modernization kits, we will be better prepared in the near term to cope with an uncertain world.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1991/CAH.htm (4034 words)

	MFD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Indexer Lights are located left and right side the HUD and provide sensitive information to the pilot while on ground, during approaches and during inflight refueling.
		During inflight refueling, this indexer shows the status of the refuel-nozzle, telling the pilot if the connection between the tanker and the Viper has been established or if it has been disconnected.
		RDY informs the pilot about the condition of the intake, weather it is open and ready for refueling or if it is still closed.
	www.phaser-dbs.de /pe_par_idx.htm (491 words)

	[2.0] Second-Generation Su-27s & Derivatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Su-30MKK is a two-seater multirole aircraft with inflight refueling, twelve stores attachments, and the capability of carrying the latest Russian AAMs and smart weapons, but it does not have the canards or vectored-thrust engines of the IAF Su-30MKI.
		A midair refueling probe is not part of the upgrade, as the VVS didn't specify that as part of the requirement.
		A retractable inflight refueling probe was added, while the dorsal airbrake was deleted.
	www.vectorsite.net /avsu272.html (6481 words)

	eFlightManuals.com - Warbird And Commercial Flight Manuals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The designation KB-29P was assigned to 116 B-29s that were converted to boom refuelling tankers by Boeing in 1950-51.
		A very rare manual for the K version inflight refueler of the B-50 bomber.
		This is actually the USAF C-97 fitted with air refueling tanks in the cargo hold and a boom and boom operators position installed in the tail.
	www.eflightmanuals.com /detail/itemList.asp?CategoryGroupID=33 (153 words)

	319 Air Refueling Wing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was replaced by the 445th Troop Carrier Wing in Nov 1957 and the 319th replaced the 4133d Strategic Wing in Feb 1963.
		Tanker crews assigned to the wing assisted in air refueling efforts during the invasion of Panama, Dec 1989.
		The wing briefly lost its refueling mission in Sep 1992, but in Oct 1993, having lost its bombardment squadron, regained the refueling mission.
	afhra.maxwell.af.mil /wwwroot/rso/wings_groups_pages/0319arw.php (578 words)

	Solo's Restaurant - Boeing KC-97 Stratotanker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Boeing KC-97 is the refueling tanker version of the C-97 Stratofreighter, a 74-ton multi-purpose airplane combining both transport and aerial refueling tanker capabilities.
		Boeing fitted the C-97 airframe with a flying boom, which, along with the controls and operator station, were assembled as a single pod and attached beneath the Stratofreighter's fuselage in the space normally occupied by the loading doors.
		The refueling connection was made at high altitude and then the bomber and tanker "tobogganed" together in a descent, enabling the tanker to maintain enough speed.
	www.swaviator.com /html/ISSUEND02/KC97111202.html (489 words)

	THE GREAT PLANES Community - Aerial Refueling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But this showed to be impossible in the very uncalm northern Atlantic, where all German seaplanes had big trouble to lift from the water.
		It would seem that the technology was considered well enough advanced before the war, which makes it, strange that air to air refuelling was not looked at for closing the Atlantic gap and for the patrol aircraft it was written down that it was not needed.
		BOAC had tested AAR before the war for their flying boats when they were competing with Pan Am for the first direct crossing of the Atlantic and no problems were reported but war intervened.
	www.tgplanes.com /Public/snitz/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=189 (430 words)

	Atlanta,Georgia,11Alive,ATLANTA,News,Weather,Doppler,sports,events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The March 23 accident occurred during inflight refueling of the HH-60G en route to a medical evacuation for two children.
		During the refueling, the helicopter disconnected from the HC-130P aircraft that was refueling it and hit the ground a few seconds later.
		An analysis of the helicopter and coroner's report showed that the crew died with the impact of the crash because there was no indication that any inhaled fumes afterward, said Gen. Gregory Power, vice commander of 8th Air Force headquarters at Barksdale AFB, La., who released the findings of an investigating board.
	www.11alive.com /news/printarticle.aspx?storyid=33627 (335 words)

	Sea Power: Osprey prepares for Aerial refueling
		The Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey tiltrotor aircraft has gone through a series of aerial refueling "dry plugs" in preparation for actual aerial refueling tests to be conducted early next year.
		Shown here is Osprey No.10 approaching the refueling drogue of a KC-130F Hercules-assigned to the Force Aircraft Test Squadron at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Md.-for one of over 100 contacts in nearly 12 hours of dry plug tests.
		Early next year, ground tests-in which the refueling probe is hooked up to a drogue and fuel is actually transferred-will be conducted, and will be followed by actual aerial-refueling test flights.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_qa3738/is_199811/ai_n8818185 (444 words)

	KC-135 Stratotanker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The main mission of the KC-135 Stratotankers flown by the 434th Air Refueling Wing is to provide mid-air refueling to long-range bomber, fighter and cargo aircraft.
		A special shuttlecock-shaped drogue, attached to the flying boom, may be used to refuel aircraft fitted with probes.
		The 434th Air Refueling Wing is equipped with the KC-135 "R" model Stratotanker.
	www.afrc.af.mil /434arw/Pa/KC-135.HTM (334 words)

	MC-130E/H Combat Talon I-II Fact Sheet
		The mission of the MC-130E Combat Talon I and MC-130H Combat Talon II is to provide global, day, night, and adverse weather capability to airdrop and airland personnel and equipment in support of US and allied special operations forces.
		Both Combat Talons are capable of inflight refueling, giving them an extended range limited only by crew endurance and availability of tanker support.
		The MC-130E Combat Talon I is capable of air refueling helicopters in support of extended helicopter operations.
	www.globalspecialoperations.com /mc130etalon.html (201 words)

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