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Topic: Inca road system

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	Inca - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In fact, the Inca Empire was conceived like an ambitious and audacious civilizing project, based on a mythical thought, in which the harmony of the relationships between thde human being, nature and Gods was truly essential.
		The Inca road system was key to farming success as it allowed distribution of foodstuffs over long distances.
		However, the Inca Empire cultivated a large variety of distinctly Andean crops that were not appreciated or adapted by Pizarro or the Spanish.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Inca (2727 words)

	Inca road system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Among the many roads and trails constructed in pre-columbian South America, the Inca road system (El Camino Inca) of Peru was the most extensive.
		Because the Incas did not make use of the wheel for transportation, and did not have horses until the arrival of the Spanish in Peru in the 16th century, the trails were used almost exclusively by people walking, sometimes accompanied by pack animals, usually the llama.
		The trails were used by the Inca people as a means of relaying messages, carried via knotted-cord quipu and by memory; and for transporting goods.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Inca_road_system (977 words)

	[No title]
		The center of the Inca empire was Cuzco, and it was here that the ruler would build his palace, as in the practice of the Chimu, sheathed in gold.
		The soothsayers said that their "father the Sun" told them that there would be only "...twelve Incas, his own sons, to reign on this earth; and that then, new, hitherto unknown people would arrive; that they would obtain victory and subject all of [the Inca's] kingdoms to their Empire..." (Lunenfeld, 267).
		As a testimony to the vast amounts of silver and gold that were taken from the Inca in their closing years, between 1532 and 1550, we must go to the reports made to the king by the conquistadors.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/papers/INCA-2.CWK (2694 words)

	Inca Civilization
		At the height of its existence the Inca Empire was the largest nation on Earth and remains the largest native state to have existed in the western hemisphere.
		On the coast, the roads were not surfaced and were marked only by tree trunks The Incas paved their highland roads with flat stones and built stone walls to prevent travelers from falling off cliffs.
		The Inca sovereign, lord of the Tahuantinsuyo, the Inca empire, was held to be sacred and to be the descendant of the sun god.
	www.crystalinks.com /incan.html (4455 words)

	THE INCAS
		The Inca leadership encouraged the worship of their gods, the foremost of which was Inti, the sun god.
		In 1572 the last Inca stronghold was discovered, and the last ruler, Túpac Amaru, Manco's son, was captured and executed, bringing the Inca empire to an end.
		Inca education was divided into two distinct categories: vocational education for common Inca and highly formalized training for the nobility.
	www.solarnavigator.net /history/incas.htm (4060 words)

	Building technologies in Tiwantinsuyu
		Inca expansion was slow until about the middle of the fifteenth century, when the pace of conquest began to accelerate, particularly under the rule of the great emperor Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (1438-71).
		The coastal road was 2,520 miles in length and crossed the desert coast of Peru and Chile.
		Masonry, roads and irrigation channels are Inca achievements that have survived the Inca Empire for centuries.
	www.fortunecity.com /millenium/lilac/612/incas.html (2484 words)

	The Inca Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The title "Inca Empire" was given by the Spanish to a Quechuan-speaking Native American population that established a vast empire in the Andes Mountains of South America shortly before its conquest by Europeans.
		The Inca Empire was the largest nation on earth during its time and remains the largest native state to have existed in the Western Hemisphere.
		The growth of this empire was facilitated by three main contributing factors: the building of an intricate 14,000-mile road system that connected the different regions, the imposition of a common language known as Quechua, and a common religion.
	www.lclark.edu /~woodrich/Bean_incaempire.html (986 words)

	Travel Peru - Topics about Peru Travel and Destinations - Inca Trails (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In many areas, the road was split in two: a wide one with bricks for the Inca, and a narrow dirt one for the servants.
		To the north the road connected the Cinchaysuyo, the northern quarter of the Inca Empire, or Tawantinsuyo.
		Testimony to the fact that the Inca had not achieved and important control of the Amazon rainforest to the east is the relatively few roads descending to the Antisuyo, or the eastern quarter of the Empire.
	www.travelperu.info /topicdesc.asp?ID=5 (599 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Roads were a very important reason why the Incas were able to maintain control over such a large area of land.
		The two main royal roads ran parallel to each other, one through the Andes the other along the coast.
		One of the important uses for the roads were to relay official messages.
	www.ctspanish.com /tyl/incas/9road.htm (158 words)

	Classical Studies Newsletter
		The roads that Inca rulers had built, the "governors and judicial officers" whom they had installed throughout their empire, and above all their "imperial seat," the city of Cuzco, located at the centre of the Inca road system, resonanted with echoes of the Roman past.
		Inca wars, Cieza thought, were just in the same sense that Roman wars had been just; like the Romans so the Incas tempered force with conciliation, and the Inca administrative system functioned with unfailing equity and justice.
		The name Caesar Augustus was thus a direct analogue to the name of the Inca ruler Manco Capac, the legendary riginator of the Inca lineage, whom Garcilaso and others described as the son of the Sun and founder of the city of Cuzco.
	www.umich.edu /~classics/news/newsletter/winter2003/incas.html (3992 words)

	Visiting Peru - Destination Guide - Inca Trail
		If we are lucky, we may hear the distant footsteps of the Chasquis (Inca's messengers) trapped in time; if we are lucky, we may see magnificent sunsets over the ancient Inca ruins, or a clear dawn at the outskirts of Machu Picchu.
		The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is part of an extensive Inca road system, over 23000 kilometres long.
		With them, the Incas sought to keep connected all the regions of the Tahuantinsuyo (Inca Empire), which occupied part of the current territories of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, reaching down to the centre of Chile and the north of Argentina.
	www.peruvianembassy.us /visiting-peru-destination-guide-inca-trail.php (1429 words)

	Camino Inca - Wikimedia Commons
		Inca road system of Peru was the most extensive.
		The Inca road system covered approximately 22,530 km (14,000 mi) and provided access to over three million km² of territory.
		By far the most popular of the Inca trails for trekking is the Capaq Nan trail, which leads from the city of Cusco to Machu Picchu, the so-called "Lost City of the Incas".
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Camino_Inca (485 words)

	Inca Explorers - Cultural and Adventurous Excursions in Cusco, Peru.
		A long time ago, these powerful people, called the Incas, praised the natural elements of the sun, the moon, water, the mountains and the mother earth.
		The Inca Empire, known as "Tawantinsuyo", was covered with crisscrossed Inca Pathways, all paved stone trails with extraordinary engineering, stretching 25,000 Kms.
		Hundred of warriors, messengers and the Inca himself used this road system to go to different provinces.
	www.incaexplorers.com /english/cusco.html (625 words)

	Inca
		The Inca society was arranged by a strict hierarchical structure.
		Even though the Inca never had access to the wheel, they built a sophisticated road system to connect the villages.
		The roads were paved with flat stones and barriers to protect the messengers, or chasqui, from falling down the cliff.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/latinamerica/south/cultures/inca.html (763 words)

	The Inca Empire
		Remains of Inca Roads (over 12,000 miles of roads, with distance markers, rest houses every few miles on the main roads).
		In some parts the royal road was between three and eight meters wide, being more narrow in steep places.
		In return, the system guaranteed that every individual even the old or disabled would receive his or her basic needs.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /AnS/Anthro/Anth210/inca_empire.htm (543 words)

	Inka Trail Trek - Incatrail Trek - Trekking Inca Trail - Inca Route - Inka Road - Incatrail - Inkatrail - Inca Trail ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The most important Inca road was the Camino Real, as it is known in Spanish, with a length of 5200km (3230mi).
		The networks were known as Qhapap Nan (the sovereign’s highway).There are remains of the Qhapaq Nan (The Inca trail) throughout Peru that are still used to this day by local farmers sometimes accompanied by pack animals, usually the Llama.
		The Inca trail is one of the worlds most important trekking and camping routes and is possible to get there in 2 days / 1 night or 4 days / 3 nights and find the altitude between minimum 2600m – 8528ft; maximum 4200m - 13776ft.
	www.peruadventurestours.com /english/inka4.htm (1807 words)

	Gate of the Sun - Ecuador - Andes - Trekking Old Incan Trails to Ingapirca
		The Incan population centres were connected by an elaborate and well-maintained system of roads 5,000 km in length - a larger system than that of the Roman Empire!
		The Inca road follows Rio Cadrul through hilly country on the way to Laguna de las Tres Cruces, passing Cerro Callana Pucara on the West and the pyramidal Cerro Mapaihuana (4.365m) to the East.
		This morning is devoted to the trek to Ingapirca along a portion of the Inca road which is 7 meters wide.
	www.gateofthesun.com /Ingapirca/index.htm (658 words)

	Inca Ruins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A Spanish conquistador described the Royal Inca Road as greater than the Roman road he remembered from his childhood.
		Stone-lined mountain road sections ran across the high Andes mountains east to west extending to present-day Bolivia and beyond.
		The government storehouses were filled with emergency reserves of food and clothing to supply farmers and workers as well as the army and the royal court.
	www.incas.org /90.html (135 words)

	Exploring the Inca Heartland: The Inca Trail
		First explored by Hiram Bingham in 1911, the Inca Trail was opened for walkers by Peruvian archaeologist Victor Angles in 1970.
		Parts of it were likely used in colonial and later times by smugglers of cane spirit and coca, produced at planatations deeper in the jungle, seeking to avoid paying taxes.
		Estimated to have covered 40,000 km (25,000 miles), the system was based on two main north-south roads, one coastal and one in the mountains, joined by numerous east-west trunks.
	www.archaeology.org /online/features/peru/inka.html (1159 words)

	SAE May 2003 Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Indeed, the Inca state, which governed many millions of people, could not have existed without this road system which served for transport, communication and, of course, administration.
		The Inca road system made possible many activities that we tend to regard as separate functions today.
		Much of the Inca road system is still intact and many stretches are in remarkable condition.
	www.saexplorers.org /enewsletter/archive/sae_newsletter27.htm (1303 words)

	CyberSleuth Kids.com: A K-12 Homework Helper and Directory
		Among the many roads and trails constructed in western South America, the Inca road systems in Peru are the most extensive yet constructed on the South American continent
		Inca mythology includes a number of stories and legends that are mythological and helps explain or symbolizes Inca beliefs
		The Inca Empire was an empire located in South America
	cybersleuth-kids.com /cgi-bin/search/hyperseek.cgi?Terms=Incas (230 words)

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