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Topic: Incapacitating agent

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Potential chemical warfare agent

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	Incapacitating agent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term "incapacitation," when used in a general sense, is roughly equivalent to the term "disability" as used in occupational medicine and denotes the inability to perform a task because of a quantifiable physical or mental impairment.
		In this sense, any of the chemical warfare agents may incapacitate a victim; however, again by the military definition of this type of agent, incapacitation refers to impairments that are temporary and nonlethal.
		Although incapacitation may result from physiological changes such as mucous membrane irritation, diarrhea, or hyperthermia, the term "incapacitating agent" as militarily defined refers to a compound that produces temporary and nonlethal impairment of military performance by virtue of its psychobehavioral or CNS effects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Incapacitating_agent (659 words)

	Encyclopedia: Incapacitating agent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term incapacitating agent is defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as Taken from Image:WMD.png by Wapcaplet File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		A blood agent (also called a cyanogen agent) is a compound that prevents the normal transfer of oxygen from the blood to the body tissues, resulting in chemical asphyxiation.
		An anticholinergic agent is a member of a class of pharmaceutical compounds which serve to reduce the effects mediated by acetylcholine in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Incapacitating-agent (1881 words)

	qnb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Agent 15 is an alleged Iraqi incapacitating agent that is likely to be chemically either identical to BZ or closely related to it.
		Agent 15 was reportedly stockpiled in large quantities prior to and during the Gulf War.
		The agent BZ and other anticholinergic glycolates act as competitive inhibitors of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine neurons (1) at postjunctional muscarinic receptors in cardiac and smooth muscle and in exocrine (ducted) glands and (2) at postsynaptic receptors in neurons.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /QNB.html (3658 words)

	Incapacitating agent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term "incapacitation," when used in a general sense, is roughly equivalent to the term "disability" as used inoccupational medicine and denotes the inability to perform a task because of a quantifiable physical or mental impairment.
		Inthis sense, any of the chemical warfare agents may incapacitate a victim; however, again by the military definition of this typeof agent, incapacitation refers to impairments that are temporary and nonlethal.
		Although incapacitation may result from physiological changes such as mucous membraneirritation, diarrhea, or hyperthermia, the term "incapacitating agent" as militarily defined refers to a compound that producestemporary and nonlethal impairment of military performance by virtue of its psychobehavioral or CNS effects.
	www.therfcc.org /incapacitating-agent-102441.html (479 words)

	Encyclopedia: Riot control agent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term incapacitating agent is defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as An agent that produces temporary physiological or mental effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties.
		Any chemical which has this effect may be called lachrymatory, but "riot control agent" or "tear gas" implies a lachrymatory chemical chosen for its low toxicity which is judged to be non-lethal.
		The use of riot control agents in warfare is prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Riot-control-agent (1763 words)

	Incapacitating agent -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In this sense, any of the (Warfare using chemical agents to kill or injure or incapacitate the enemy) chemical warfare agents may incapacitate a victim; however, again by the military definition of this type of agent, incapacitation refers to impairments that are temporary and nonlethal.
		Thus, (Click link for more info and facts about riot-control) riot-control agents are incapacitating because they cause temporary loss of vision due to blepharospasm, but they are not considered military incapacitants because the loss of vision does not last long.
		At the time, the gas was reported to be an unknown incapacitating agent called " (Click link for more info and facts about Kolokol-1) Kolokol-1".
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/I/In/Incapacitating_agent.htm (621 words)

	Firehouse.Com Training Zone - WMD - Definitions: Chemical Agent-Related (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		AGENT DOSAGE: The concentration of a toxic vapor in the air multiplied by the time that the concentration is present or the time that an individual is exposed (mg-min/m3).
		When a lethal amount of a choking agent is received, the air sacs become so flooded that the air cannot enter and the victim dies of anoxia (oxygen deficiency); also known as a dry land drowning.
		INCAPACITATING AGENT: An agent that produces physiological or mental effects, or both, that may persist for hours or days after exposure, rendering an individual incapable of performing his or her assigned duties.
	www.firehouse.com /training/wmd/2002/04_definitions.html (2424 words)

	Choking Agent Symptoms
		Even mild exposure to a choking agent that is accompanied by immediate symptoms may cause fluid to accumulate in the lungs within 2 to 24 hours after exposure.
		Tear agents (also called riot control agents) are local irritants which, in low concentration, act primarily on the eyes, causing intense pain and a considerable flow of tears, stinging of moist, warm skin, and irritation of the nose.
		Incapacitating agents can cause mental symptoms and may also produce physical symptoms, such as staggering gait, dizziness, and blurred vision.
	www.tpub.com /seabee/5-12.htm (477 words)

	Virtual Naval Hospital: Treatment of Chemical Agent Casualties and Conventional Military Chemical Injuries: FM8-285 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		An incapacitating agent is a chemical agent which produces temporary disabling conditions.
		The disabling conditions persist for hours to days after exposure to the agent (unlike that produced by riot control agents, which usually are momentary or fleeting in action).
		An example of this type of agent is BZ (table 1-1) which blocks the muscarinic action of acetylcholine, both peripherally and centrally.
	www.vnh.org /FM8285/Chapter/chapter3.html (1849 words)

	Chapter 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		None of these systemic agents are acceptable for use as incapacitating agents because of their unacceptable safety margins (ie, the ratio of the lethal to the incapacitating dose).
		When administered by the aerosol route, using a particle size of approximately 5 µm, the ID (ie, the dose that incapacitates 50% of the exposed population; this dose is retained in the lungs and is available for absorption) was estimated to be 5.6 µg/kg, approximately twice the ID by the parenteral route.
		Incapacitation produced by less likely candidates such as LSD and other indole derivatives, psychedelic phenethylamines, and potent opioids is theoretically possible, but it is unlikely that any of these compounds would be employed militarily.
	web.usf.edu /sequence/feces/MedicalAspectsofNBC/chapters/chapter_11.htm (9217 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Incapacitating Agents, Agent 15 : Article Excerpt by: Geoffrey M Fitzgerald, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Background: “Incapacitating agent” is a military term used to denote an agent that temporarily and nonlethally impairs the performance of an enemy by targeting the central nervous system (CNS).
		Both BZ and its Iraqi look-alike, Agent 15, are competitive inhibitors of the effects of acetylcholine at the postsynaptic muscarinic receptors in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
		The dose of BZ needed to incapacitate 50% of those exposed is 6.2 mcg/kg, compared to 140 mcg/kg for atropine.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/cbrne---incapacitating-agents-agent-15.htm (629 words)

	Kolokol-1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to Lev Fyodorov, a former Soviet chemical weapons scientist who now heads the independent Council for Chemical Security in Moscow, the gas was originally manufactured in a secret KGB laboratory in Leningrad during the 1970s, and that in the subsequent decade methods of dispersing it were tested on the Moscow public without their knowledge.
		Furthermore, Fyodorov claimed that leaders of the failed August 20, 1991 Communist coup intended to use the agent to recover members of the Russian parliament.
		Writing in the Moscow daily Komsomolskaya Pravda, Viktor Baranets, a former Russian Defense Ministry official, stated that the Ministry of the Interior knew that any normal riot control agent, such as pepper spray or tear gas, would allow the terrorists time to harm the hostages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/KOLOKOL-1 (326 words)

	TAB A -Acronyms, Abbreviations and Glossary
		A blister agent is a chemical warfare agent that produces local irritation and damage to the skin and mucous membranes, pain and injury to the eyes, reddening and blistering of the skin, and when inhaled, damage to the respiratory tract.
		A blood agent is a chemical warfare agent that is inhaled and absorbed into the blood, carrying the agent to all body tissues where it interferes with the tissue oxygenation process.
		G-series nerve agents are lethal chemical warfare agents that work by inhibiting the proper functioning of the cholinesterase enzymes needed for the transmission of nerve impulses throughout the body.
	www.gulflink.osd.mil /kuwaiti_final/kuwaiti_final_taba.htm (2166 words)

	Funding for Counterterrorism and Neuroscience Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		Nerve agents are anti-acetylcholinesterase, organophosphate compounds that bind to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and inhibit its ability to degrade the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
		Incapacitating agents (class II chemical agents) are designed not to injure or kill but rather to induce disorientation and impair performance.
		Incapacitating agents cover a broad range of chemicals with different physical properties but can be ordered into four general categories (Table 2).
	www.ninds.nih.gov /funding/research/counterterrorism (1707 words)

	Lyme Disease - A Biological Weapon?
		When a population is infected with a lethal agent, it is very obvious that measures need to be taken such as quarantine, antibiotics, etc. This helps to curb and abort the epidemic.
		An agent which would produce so many symptoms throughout the body that it would appear that the patient was malingering or faking.
		If the disabling agent is a combination of several diseases, some of which could be genetically engineered, then it becomes very difficult if not impossible to diagnose and treat.
	www.rense.com /general63/lyme.htm (2311 words)

	UNODC - Chemical weapons: what's what
		Blister agents: chemical agent that burns the skin and produ-ces large water blis-ters on skin that heal slowly and may become infected; cause dama-ge to eyes, blood cells and respiratory tract.
		Such incapacitating agents include Bradykinin, psychotropic substances, cannabis, cannabis derivatives (tetrahydrocannabinol, amino-cannabinoida), phencyclidine and derivatives (hallucinogen), chlorpromazine (antipsychotic), fentanyl (narcotic), QNB deriva-tives (hallucinogen), enkephalin (body-made morphine), morphine, etonitaze (painkiller), benzodiazepine-derivatives (convulsants), heroin.
		Nerve gases: probably the most widely stocked chemical agents: liquid, gas or aerosol toxins belonging to the group of organo-phosphorus compounds which are absorbed by through the skin or lungs, usually within 20-30 minutes.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/terrorism_weapons_mass_destruction_page004.html (1326 words)

	Glossary at NBCPROTECT.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A chemical agent that injures the eyes and lungs and burns or blisters the skin.
		Employment of chemical agents to kill, injure, or incapacitate for a significant period of time, man or animals, and deny or hinder the use of areas, facilities, or material, or defense against such employment.
		Riot control agents are chemical compounds that produce only temporary irritating or incapacitating effects when in field concentrations.
	www.nbcprotect.com /new/glossary.htm (1216 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pepper spray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The active ingredient in pepper spray is capsaicin, which is a chemical derived from the fruit of plants in the Capsicum genus, including chillis.
		Jump to: navigation, search Nerve agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in animals.
		It also acts as an inflammatory agent, causing inflammation in the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pepper-spray (1566 words)

	[No title]
		News reports suggested that the most likely combination of agents was a highly potent fentanyl derivative used in conjunction with an inhalational anesthetic agent, such as halothane.8 Aerosols of fentanyl and fentanyl derivatives A large number of fentanyl derivatives have been developed.
		Alfentanil is a ultra-short-acting analgesic agent that has a more rapid onset of action and shorter duration of action than fentanyl and sufentanil.17 Carfentanil Carfentanil is another fentanyl derivative with very high potency and a high therapeutic index.
		Fentanyl and its derivates are commonly used in conjunction with inhalational anesthetic agents.31 Fentanyl, sufentanil, and alfentanil are routinely used with inhalational agents, such as nitrous oxide or isoflurane.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /perspektif/text5/3.txt (2321 words)

	3-quinuclidinyl benzilate
		3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) is an odorless military incapacitating agent.
		BZ is a glycolate anticholinergic compound related to atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine.
		Dispersal would be as an aerosolized solid (primarily for inhalation) or as agent dissolved in one or more solvents for ingestion or percutaneous absorption.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/3-quinuclidinyl_benzilate (3452 words)

	CNS - Moscow Theater Hostage Crisis: Incapacitants & Chemical Warfare - November 4, 2002 - Research Story of the ...
		"An incapacitating agent is an agent producing physiological or mental effects that may persist for hours or days after exposure to the agent has ceased." (U.S. Army field manual FM 3-9).
		In the case of the opiates, for example, it the difference between incapacitating and lethal quantities was found to be about 10-20 fold.
		One might consider remifentanil, a related analogue to fentanyl, to be a possible candidate for the Russian version of the incapacitating agent used in the Moscow theater.
	cns.miis.edu /pubs/week/02110b.htm (2258 words)

	agent
		Each agent possesses the ability to act autonomously; this is an important distinction because a simple act of obedience to a command does not qualify an entity as an agent.
		Agent, Law - In law an agent is a person authorized to act for another, with delegated authority, such as a person holding a power of attorney.
		The term agent is also used for sentient programs found in the Matrix that battle the humans fighting for freedom.
	www.fact-library.com /agent.html (190 words)

	Project Pg 02 Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Incapacitating agent – an agent producing physiological or mental effects that that incapacitates enemy personnel.
		• Volatile agents have high vapor pressure and low boiling points which means they vaporize on dissemination and tend to be carried away by the wind.
		These biological agents are primarily a respiratory threat, but can also enter the body through the skin.
	copland.udel.edu /~cdaigle/Overview.html (293 words)

	TAB A - Acronym Listing/Glossary
		A chemical warfare agent which produces local irritation and damage to the skin and mucous membranes, pain and injury to the eyes, reddening and blistering of the skin, and when inhaled, damage to the respiratory tract.
		The blister agent test spot is made from a material that acts as the stationary solid.
		It is a mixture of granulated aluminum, zinc oxide, and hexachloroethane.
	www.gulflink.osd.mil /m256/taba.htm (879 words)

	Agent-15
		Two precursors to BZ and related agents are listed both in Schedule 2B of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Australia Group export control list: 3-Quinuclidinol and Benzilic acid.
		Three other precursors to BZ and related agents do not appear in any of the Schedules of the Chemical Weapons Convention, but are listed in the Australia Group export control list: 3-Hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine; Methyl benzilate and 3-Quinuclidone.
		The existence of Agent-15 in Iraq's arsenals was revealed by the British Secretary of State George Robertson in a statement to the House of Commons on 9 February 1998.
	projects.sipri.se /cbw/cbw-agents/Agent-15.html (258 words)

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