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Topic: Inclined orbit

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	SPACE.com -- Pluto Data Sheet
		Its composition is presumed to be rock and ice, with a thin atmosphere of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and methane.
		Pluto's 248-year orbit is off-center in relation to the sun, which causes the planet to cross the orbital path of Neptune.
		Pluto's orbit is inclined, or tilted, 17.1 degrees from the ecliptic -- the plane that Earth orbits in.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/solarsystem/pluto-ez.html (609 words)

	Inclined orbit -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		When a satellite is placed in an inclined orbit it is moved along a (additional info and facts about longitudinal) longitudinal axis away from the (additional info and facts about equatorial plane) equatorial plane by some amount.
		While the satellite remains (additional info and facts about geosynchronous) geosynchronous (completing one revolution every 24 hours) it is no longer stationary, and from a fixed observation point on Earth, it would appear to trace a figure-eight (with the lobes extending North and South).
		Before the fuel comes to an end, satellites shall be moved to a (additional info and facts about graveyard orbit) graveyard orbit to keep the geostationary altitude free for subsequent missions.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/in/inclined_orbit.htm (257 words)

	Wheel chairs & Wheel chair Accessories :: Orbit Medical Wheelchairs
		Our battery operated electric wheelchairs can help you move around freely, reach out to shelves, travel over a wide variety of terrains, get over uneven or inclined surfaces, and hold equal eye-to-eye conversations with others.
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		Orbit offers an effortless online purchase of wheelchairs, all brands and models!
	www.orbitwheelchairs.com (394 words)

	Encyclopedia: Satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A Low Earth Orbiting satellite (or LEO satellite) is a satellite in an orbit that has a semi-major axis that is less than that of a geostationary orbit.
		In astronautics and aerospace engineering, the Hohmann transfer orbit is an orbital maneuver that moves a spacecraft from one orbit to another using a fairly low delta-v.
		The elements of an orbit are the parameters needed to specify that orbit uniquely, given a model of two ideal masses obeying the Newtonian laws of motion and the inverse-square law of gravitational attraction.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Satellite (4797 words)

	Orbits
		The orbit chosen for a satellite is a comprimise between the mission requirements, the capabilities of the rocket used to launch the satellite and orbital mechanics.
		Additionally the orbit is resonant with the rotation period of the earth, meaning that the satellite passes over the same point on the earth at the same time of day at regular intervals (which may be daily or every 2 or more days depending on the resonance).
		A geostationary orbit is a special case of the geosynchronous orbit where inclination = 0 and the period is equal to the rotation period of the earth (approx 1436 minutes), corresponding to a cricular orbit of approx.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/ast121/lectures/lec04.html (1625 words)

	Hohmann Transfer
		Since the point in an orbit where the engines are fired automatically becomes a point in the new orbit (or the burn point becomes the intersection of the old and new orbits), this firing must occur where the current orbit and the desired orbit intersect.
		So, if the satellite is in an orbit inclined 28.5 degrees to the equator the firing must occur at one of two points during each orbit revolution where the spacecraft is directly over the equator.
		Velocity in inclined orbit: 7.726 km/sec at 28.5 degrees to equator.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /academy/rocket_sci/satellites/hohmann.html (852 words)

	New Horizons Web Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Pluto's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25, which means that Pluto's distance from the Sun is as little as 29.7 AU - temporarily bringing it closer to the Sun than Neptune - and as great as 49.7 AU.
		While all of the other planets have orbits that are close to the ecliptic plane, Pluto's orbit is inclined by 17 degrees.
		While Pluto's orbit is close to Neptune's, the planets won't collide since their orbits are in an exact resonance.
	pluto.jhuapl.edu /science/everything_pluto/16_plutoOrbit.html (357 words)

	CelesTrak: "Basics of the Geostationary Orbit"
		While each satellite will complete its orbit in the same time it takes the earth to rotate once, it should be obvious that the geosynchronous satellite will move north and south of the equator during its orbit while the geostationary satellite will not.
		Orbits with non-zero eccentricity (i.e., elliptical rather than circular orbits) will result in drifts east and west as the satellite goes faster or slower at various points in its orbit.
		Since the geostationary orbital plane is not coincident with the plane of the earth's orbit (the ecliptic) or that of the moon's orbit, the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon act to pull the geostationary satellites out of their equatorial orbit, gradually increasing each satellite's orbital inclination.
	celestrak.com /columns/v04n07 (1553 words)

	ACTS Used for Inclined Orbit Operations
		The system is now operating in an inclined orbit that increases at a rate of 0.8°/yr.
		The project began its transition from geostationary operations to inclined operations in August 1998.
		Since inclined orbit operations began, the ACTS experiments program has supported 43 investigations by industry, Government, and academic organizations, as well as four demonstrations.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/RT1999/6000/6100bauer.html (456 words)

	Space Weather: Important Satellite Orbits
		If the orbit plane is inclined away from the true north-south direction, the asymmetric pull of the Earth's gravitational field causes the orbit to precess (move around the Earth in local time).
		The sun-synchronous orbit is a special case of near-Polar orbit with inclination of 98.7 degrees, that precesses at exactly the required rate (~ 1 degree per day) to remain in the same local time plane as the Earth rotates around the sun.
		In an inclined orbit the coverage is no longer truly global because the satellite does not travel over the polar region.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /spaceweather/types_orbits.html (437 words)

	CSI 803 Project Slide 16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The white vertical reference lines are equally spaced every 3 hours (exactly the period of the orbit) with the first line occuring at the first cluster of near collisions for the inclined orbit.
		It is now clear that some periodicity occurs in the inclined orbit's collision behavior and that the collisions are occuring at roughly the same latitude due to the sun-sunchronicity requirement.
		Hence, the collision behavior is periodic for the inclined orbit.
	www.science.gmu.edu /~tsulliva/vis16.html (282 words)

	Method and apparatus for spacecraft payload pointing registration - Patent 6441776
		The method comprises the steps of determining spacecraft orbit parameters, spacecraft bus attitude parameters and spacecraft payload attitude parameters, and directing the payload at the target location by applying a spacecraft bus steering law determined at least in part from the orbit and bus/payload attitude parameters.
		In one embodiment, this is accomplished by using the measured or estimated spacecraft orbital parameters to determine a transformation between the measured spacecraft 100 orbital reference frame 230 and the ideal orbital reference frame 228 and a transformation between the measured payload reference frame and spacecraft bus body frame.
		The orbit plane of the satellite 604 is inclined from the ideal orbit plane 602 by inclination angle.mu.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6441776.html (6643 words)

	LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION v. Space Systems/Loral
		A geosynchronous orbit in the equatorial plane allows a satellite to maintain the same position relative to fixed points on the earth’s surface, and is often referred to as “geostationary.” A satellite in geostationary orbit, when viewed from the ground, appears to remain stationary in the sky.
		Therefore, in an inclined orbit, the antennae of a communications satellite point north of the equator for half of the orbit and south of the equator for half of the orbit.
		During inclined orbit, the “roll bias generator” and “yaw momentum bias generator” of the SSL satellites vary the speed of the V-Wheels or the L-Wheel, intentionally causing the satellite to point north or south.
	www.ll.georgetown.edu /federal/judicial/fed/opinions/00opinions/00-1310.html (5753 words)

	Geostationary Orbits Part 5: INCLINED-ORBIT SATELLITES
		This is the fifth in a series of articles about geostationary orbits; i.e., the orbits occupied by communications satellites which remain at fixed points in the sky.
		An inclined orbit is indeed geosynchronous, but it is not a circle and it does not lie in the earth's equatorial plane.
		A geosynchronous satellite whose circular and direct orbit lies in the plane of the earth's equator and which thus remains fixed relative to the earth; by extension, a satellite which remains approximately fixed relative to the earth.
	www.ctiinfo.com /SatControl/ComTrack/InclinedOrbitTutorial/satgeom5.htm (2000 words)

	ASP: Up, Up, and Away (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		During the rendezvous maneuvers, the astronauts must change their orbit to match the orbit of the spacecraft they'd like to visit.
		The perigee of the new elliptical orbit is the altitude of the low orbit; the apogee is the altitude of the geosynchronous orbit.
		In an orbit inclined 51.6 degrees to the equator, the station will be easy for the Russians to reach, since their launch site -- the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan -- is at a high latitude.
	www.astrosociety.org /education/publications/tnl/34/space2.html (1385 words)

	2.0 Schemes Considered for Constellation Deployment
		Although this represented a downtrack motion of 25º relative to Jupiter, the mass was still in a stable orbit with a semi-major axis of approximately 5.5 AU.
		Inclined orbits would ensure that at least one of the secondary ring transponders would be out of plane at all times.
		Thus, in hohangle.f and position.f the orbits of Earth and Jupiter were both assumed to be circular and noninclined, which is more or less true, and the Space Shuttle and Titan IV were again used as LEO delivery systems.
	www.tsgc.utexas.edu /archive/design/pstar/schemes.html (1172 words)

	A Transfer Tether
		The Moon orbits in a plane which is inclined by 5.13 degrees to the ecliptic (the plane in which the Earth orbits the Sun).
		In this remarkable system, a tether is strung from a satellite in geosynchronous orbit (22,300 miles up, so that its orbital period is 24 hours, and it position in the sky appears fixed), all the way down to the surface of the Earth; another tether is strung upwards to a counterbalance.
		In this case, as before, the transfer station orbits in the plane with the Moon, and will have an orbit period of 24 hours to match the space elevator (and therefore its altitude is 22,300 miles).
	members.aol.com /Nathan2go/xferteth.htm (4144 words)

	Star One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		APOGEE - Point in the orbit around the Earth in which the celestial body or satellite is furthest from the Earth.
		INCLINED ORBIT - Orbit of a satellite around the Earth with a null eccentricity whose inclination is not maintained near zero.
		PERIGEU - Orbit point around the Earth in which the celestial body or satellite is the closest to the Earth.
	www.starone.com.br /english/starone/tecnologia/mecanica_glossario.php (719 words)

	Major extrasolar planet discovery announcement on Aug 31st - Page 2 - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum
		A planet orbiting at 2.4 million miles completing the circuit in just under three days is not moving as fast as a planet that would be orbiting at 30 million miles and completing the orbit in the same amount of time.
		The orbital period is a function of the length of the semi-major axis of the orbit and the mass of the parent star.
		Maybe I'm misunderstanding you, but the orbit of a planet is pretty much independent of the mass of the planet (not quite independent--if the mass of the planet is a significant percentage of the mass of the star it's orbiting then things get messier).
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?p=270713#post270713 (2640 words)

	Investigation of the equatorial LEO orbit for small satellite applications
		In this orbit, a satellite appears to be "stationary" and can therefore be used for telephony, data transmission, TV broadcasting and other applications using dish antennas on the ground which point to a fixed position in the sky.
		They are usually placed in highly- inclined orbits, ie their paths pass closer to the North and South poles than to the equator.
		For a single satellite in LEQ orbit, the actual period varies from 90 minutes to 127 minutes and the pass length from 9 minutes to 31 minutes at the equator as the height varies from 270 km to 2000 km.
	www.ee.surrey.ac.uk /Research/CSER/UOSAT/IJSSE/issue1/seumahu/seumahu.html (2491 words)

	1994
		It was launched on the 13th March 1994 alongside STEP/TAOS on a TAURUS launcher into a 550km circular orbit inclined at 105 degrees.
		A 113 kg Indian minisatellite, was launched by a ASLV-D4 test booster from Sriharikota station at 00:00 UT on the 4th May 1994 into a 433x917km, 46.0 degree inclined orbit.
		The 318kg mini-satellite was to be placed into a 192x1518km orbit inclined at 90 degrees.
	centaur.sstl.co.uk /SSHP/mini/mini94.html (690 words)

	ipedia.com: Planet X Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Its existence was argued for on the basis of apparent discrepancies in the orbit of Neptune.
		If a tenth planet exists, it is unlikely to be native to the solar system: comprehensive surveys of the ecliptic have been undertaken, concluding that no planet of Earth size or greater exists in the ecliptic plane closer than 60AU.
		Thus, any tenth planet would have to be in a highly inclined orbit, and so likely to be a captured object and not one that was formed with the solar system.
	www.ipedia.com /planet_x.html (486 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		I'd say that lunar orbits had to be more instable than Earth orbits, because Earth has much more gravitational influence on a lunar orbit than the moon has on an Earth orbit.
		I guess that if you are in a semi-inclined orbit then your ApD and PeD will shift throughout the course of the orbit as the earth is not of constant radius, this is due to the way orbit MFD calculates your orbital data.
		If it is a maximum of 10km per orbit that means that in one day the orbit of the ISS will increase by 160, not 120.
	www.orbitersim.com /v2/read.asp?id=21800 (2400 words)

	1970 to 1980
		It weighed 126.8kg (125.2 on orbit) and was cylindrical in shape (0.9m diam x 0.71m), with a conical shell at one end with an extendable 1.8m probe, and solar cells at the other feeding a NiCd battery.
		It was intended to aid regular observations by means of radio waves of the global distribution of the critical frequencies of the ionosphere, and for utilization of the results of the observation for radio wave forecasts and warning necessary for effective operation of short-wave radio-communication.
		Ariel-6 was launched on the 2nd June 1979 into a 600x654km orbit inclined at 55 degrees, on a SCOUT launcher from Wallops I into a 600x654km orbit inclined at 55 degrees.
	centaur.sstl.co.uk /SSHP/mini/mini70s.html (2858 words)

	Distant Object Could Hold Secrets to Earth's Past (washingtonpost.com)
		A Feb. 14 article about the planet/planetoid Sedna said that all planets orbit the sun in a circle and all planets are on a similar plane.
		Pluto's orbit is inclined 17 degrees, but scientists disagree about whether Pluto is a planet.
		Such an explanation would account for Sedna's inclined orbit because Oort cloud comets, the principal evidence that the Oort cloud exists, come into the solar system from all angles, probably after passing stars jog them from their icy habitat.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A21549-2005Feb13_2.html (482 words)

	1970 to 1980
		Dial (Diamant Allemagne) was launched on the 10th March 1970 on a Diamant B launcher from Kourou into a 301x1631km orbit inclined at 5.41 degrees.
		D2-A was launched on the 15th April 1971 on a Diamant B launcher from Kourou into a 456x703km orbit inclined at 46 degrees.
		The 39.9kg and 42.9kg microsatellites were unsuccessfully launched on A SCOUT launch vehicle from the Western Space and Missile centre on the 5th December 1975, with the mission to measure the atmospheric density and lower exosphere.
	centaur.sstl.co.uk /SSHP/micro/micro70s.html (2239 words)

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