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Topic: Inclusion mineral

	Inclusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		inclusion (set theory), the binary relation of one set being a subset of another.
		inclusion (mineral), a mineral or rock enclosed in a larger body of rock.
		inclusion (education), the practice of educating pupils with special needs in mainstream schools.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inclusion (148 words)

	Inclusion (mineral) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Inclusions are usually other minerals or rocks, but may also be water, gas or petroleum.
		Liquid or vapor inclusions are known as fluid inclusions.
		The analysis of atmospheric gas bubbles as inclusions in ice cores is an important tool in the study of climate change.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inclusion_(mineral) (108 words)

	Diamond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lonsdaleite is a polymorph of diamond (and a distinct mineral species) that crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry.
		These rocks are characteristically rich in magnesium-bearing olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole minerals which are often altered to serpentine by heat and fluids during and after eruption.
		Inclusions may be crystals of a foreign material or another diamond crystal, or structural imperfections such as tiny cracks that can appear whitish or cloudy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diamond (9445 words)

	Diamonds \| American Museum of Natural History
		Diamonds with inclusions are like little space capsules from the mantle: pristine mineral samples are protected by the diamond's indomitable embrace and transported to the surface by a volcanic rocket.
		Inclusions capture a picture of the rock and environment in which diamonds grow and indicate that garnet harzburgite (a type of peridotite) and eclogite are the most common rocks in which diamonds have grown.
		Some inclusion minerals are virtually unique to diamond sources and are thus sought in the exploration for diamonds.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/diamonds/inclusion.html (211 words)

	8th INTERNATIONAL KIMBERLITE CONFERENCE (8IKC)
		A data base of REE concentrations in 135 peridotitic garnet inclusions in diamonds derived from eight different cratons is used to assess the evolution of lithospheric diamond sources and to obtain constraints on the type of fluid/melt involved in the precipitation of diamond.
		Inclusions in eclogitic diamonds consist of sulfide, garnet, clinopyroxene, rutile and ilmenite in decreasing abundance.
		The diamonds inclusions are dominantly of peridotitic and eclogitic paragenesis, with subordinate contributions from websteritic and calc-silicate parageneses.
	www.venuewest.com /8IKC/s3oral.htm (7202 words)

	422. Mineral oil (food grade) (WHO Food Additives Series 10)
		There is evidence now that small amounts of mineral oil (2%) are absorbed as such by the intestinal mucosa and are distributed throughout the body.
		Mineral oil passes through the gut wall unchanged and more is absorbed in the presence of powerful emulsifiers, provided that the particle size of the emulsion is about 0.5 µ (Frazer et al., 1944).
		TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES Special studies on carcinogenicity A wide range of fractions of mineral oil contain carcinogenic compounds especially higher boiling fractions of the range 300°-350°- 400°C as shown by skin painting of mice and rabbits (Cook et al., 1958) but refined material may be free from these carcinogenic constituents (Prigal, 1967).
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v10je08.htm (1759 words)

	The Electron Microscopy Center @ USC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The results suggest that mineral inclusions in diamonds formed in an earlier stage, most likely, before the formation of kimberlitic magma, and most mineral inclusions in chromites, especially carbonates and hydrous silicates, were trapped probably during the stage of the formation of kimberlitic magma.
		The chemistries and species of mineral inclusions in diamonds and in chromites suggest that the metasomatism became stronger from the source of diamonds to the source of kimberlite or that the metasomatism was started from the stage of diamond growth until the generation of kimberlitic magma.
		The wide and diverse chemical compositions and mineral species of chromites and their mineral inclusions relative to those for the same minerals in the diamonds studied suggest a multiple origin of chromite macrocrysts in kimberlites at the same or different depths.
	emc.biol.sc.edu /Staff/donggao/geodzhao.html (1954 words)

	1999 Survey - Samples Taken & Materials Testing
		Characterization included confirmation of the mineral content of the marble inclusions, gypsum crusts, and the identification of brown streaking apparent on the facade that was believed to be an earlier treatment coating.
		Mineral inclusion 2 is similar to mineral inclusion 1.
		Mineral inclusion 3 is similar to mineral inclusions 1 and 2.
	www.design.upenn.edu /hspv/second_bank/conservation/samplestesting.htm (1272 words)

	Fluid Inclusion Laboratory
		Fluid inclusions are therefore considered to be direct samples of the volatile phases which circulated through the Lithosphere over the course of the Earth's history, and their chemical analysis provides information on the composition and density of these geologically important phases.
		The aims of petrography are to discriminate the various compositional types and generations of fluid inclusions in the sample of interest, to identify their mechanism of formation (primary, secondary or pseudosecondary) and their ages relative to each other and relative to the mineral parageneses in which they occur.
		Inclusions in certain nominally "opaque" minerals can be observed in IR light, and their images made visible using a video camera sensitive to 1100 nm wavelength.
	www.unileoben.ac.at /~buero62/minpet/Fluid_Inc_Lab/Flinc_Lab.html (1926 words)

	Understanding The Mineral King Controversy
		Mineral King is a spectacular secluded valley surrounded by 12,000' peaks in the heart of the southern Sierra Nevada.
		The 1978 legislation which secured national park protection for Mineral King included two key stipulations regarding permit use: 1) Permits are to be granted only to the 1978 permit-holders; and 2) They may be renewed every five years until the death of the owner and his or her spouse.
		They treat Mineral King as rightfully "theirs", despite the fact that the land on which the cabins are built has been public property since the 1860s.
	kernkaweah.sierraclub.org /mineralking/cabin_controversy.html (893 words)

	Abstact LXX, 2001
		Fluid inclusion isochores were constructed and an equilibrium curve was developed (calculated using thermodynamic data in the KFMASH system) for a mineral reaction involving quartz and contact phases (andalusite, muscovite and mineral solid solutions: biotite and cordierite).
		From lithostratigraphical considerations, microscopic investigations and microprobe mineral analyses, as well as stable oxygen isotope thermometry, these parageneses formed during a multistage tectonothermal event at a maximum temperature of 440°C and pressure of at least 3.4 kbar during the Brasiliano tectonothermal episode between 680 and 450 Ma.
		Mineral relics present in the micro-textures of glassy materials (i.e., fining slags) have great archaeometric value, because they may indicate the provenance of raw materials.
	tetide.geo.uniroma1.it /riviste/permin/abstract01-1.htm (1567 words)

	Mineral Gallery - Parting and Other Properties of Minerals
		All the minerals that have some reaction to acids tend to be carbonates and a few minerals that contain significant amounts of carbonate ions.
		Arsenic minerals tend to have a garlic scent as is consistent with the element and poison arsenic.
		Inclusions of air and water are called two phase inclusions and are commonly found in gypsum and quartz.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/property/parting.htm (1148 words)

	Essential Trace Minerals for Grazing Cattle in Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Selenium inclusion is federally regulated at a maximum inclusion level not to exceed 3 mg/d.
		Remember that the majority of trace mineral intake beyond that nutritionally required by the animal is excreted in urine and feces.
		However, no differences occurred in the trace mineral content of steer-selected vs. clipped forage, suggesting that hand-clipped forage samples are a good reflection of the trace mineral concentration of animal-selected forage.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /BODY_AN086 (2774 words)

	SAI -- Mineral Included Quartz
		This is a very cool polished quartz point that has what looks like a chlorite mineral back that makes for a very nice presentation inside the ultra clear quartz.
		This is a unique polished quartz point with a very strong "red" (probably some form of iron) inclusion throughout the whole crystal.
		This polished quartz freeform is a mix of clear and opalized quartz with an orange mineral inclusion as well as other minerals.
	www.saimport.com /forsale/1-includedmineral.htm (1168 words)

	[No title]
		The compositions of MI and their host minerals can be used to: (1) determine the partitioning behavior of trace elements into growing crystals, and (2) evaluate if chemical gradients (i.e., boundary layers) that developed during host crystal growth affected the compositions of MI.
		To better understand the role of boundary layers during melt inclusion formation, the trace element chemistry of melt inclusions in zircon, allanite, plagioclase and quartz from the rhyolitic 74 ka Toba Tuffs of Sumatra, Indonesia were examined.
		If melt inclusion scale (tens of microns) chemical gradients developed adjacent to the growing crystals are large enough to affect inclusion compositions, then this boundary layer effect should be most pronounced in the smallest melt inclusions analyzed because they represent the melt closest to the crystal surface.
	www.geol.vt.edu /research/gssrs/gssrs2003/abstracts/thomas.doc (692 words)

	Metamorphic minerals image gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Note the diamond-shaped inclusion cloud to the bottom left, which is the center of the crystal, and the inclusion trails that radiate from the corners of the diamond.
		In this view the andalusite are the large gray areas (mostly), and the sillimanite after andalusite are the vertically elongated white diamonds scattered throughout the upper-left half of the image..
		Tourmaline is unusual among common elongate minerals in having its strongest absorption when the plane of polarization is perpendicular to the crystal length.
	www.union.edu /PUBLIC/GEODEPT/COURSES/petrology/met_minerals.htm (1162 words)

	Gemology World - Can. Institute of Gemmology
		Inclusions are generally randomly (irregularly) arranged in most instances - with no "rhyme or reason" being evident in their position within the Host Crystal.
		In some instances, however, shore is often clear evidence that the inclusions are positioned in some definite relationship to the crystal structure of the Host Mineral.
		This mineral contains carbonaceous inclusions which are regularly arranged in the shape of a cross (or other symmetrical shape formed of small oblongs or squares) when viewed in a transverse section of the Host Crystal.
	www.cigem.ca /inclusion/inclusions.html (1520 words)

	GemResearch Swisslab (GRS) Specializing in Origin Determination of Fine Rubies and Sapphires
		Mineral inclusions in sapphire can be related to at least two metasomatic events (e.g.
		Mineral inclusions composed of these elements are present in the sapphires (e.g.
		Some indications to that extent were obtained by the rarely occurring mineral inclusion of zircon (Kiefert et al., 1996) and quartz (this present work), which may have formed in later veins not equilibrated with the skarn rocks.
	www.gemresearch.ch /andranon/madcon.htm (721 words)

	[No title]
		Certain minerals, such as zircon and monazite, which form as common trace constituents in igneous rocks, have crystal structures which can accommodate varying amounts of the naturally occurring radioactive elements, uranium and thorium.
		When these minerals occur as inclusions in certain other minerals, most notably the mica family, they are often seen to develop discoloration, or "pleochroic" haloes.
		From this generalization, and without considering the variability in the density and the crystal structure of the host mica (or even the variable density of air), Joly attempted to correlate the radial size of the concentric ring haloes with the alpha particles of specific isotopes (he was first to suggest polonium).
	earthfriendarts.tripod.com /evolve/gentry.html (6455 words)

	New Page 2
		To study fluid inclusions and quenched glass inclusions doubly unmounted polished slices of the host rock 0.1 to 0.5mm thick were put mounted on a support drilled with a hole 1mm in diameter to avoid using KBr plate.
		In GII the inclusions are sized between 10 and 20 micrometres and are brown in colour.
		This analysis is important if we are to understand the origin of the mineral, as the data shown in Figure 5 pinpoints the presence of water in the magma at the time of mineral differentiation and constrains the temperatures involved in the thermal mantle anomaly [23].
	www.ijvs.com /volume3/edition1/section6.html (4089 words)

	Glosary from Meteorites knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		mineral found to occur in the iron phase of iron and stony iron meteorites
		mineral formed by terrestrial weathering of primary meteoritic mineral on Earth or during atmospheric entry
		a mineral always present in the iron phase of iron and stony iron meteorites
	www.csi.uottawa.ca:4321 /meteorites/glossary.html (789 words)

	Igneous minerals image gallery
		The inclusion in the center has an irregular outer boundary, inside of which is a layer of liquid water, a layer of liquid CO, and a central bubble of vapor (mostly CO At the time of trapping of this secondary inclusion, the fluid was a binary H
		Damage produced to this soft mineral during thin section grinding causes speckles of light on the biotite, where the crystal lattice has been deformed.
		This patch of biotite rimming garnet (mineral occupying the lower part of the image) shows the range of pleochroic colors because of different crystals being in different orientations.
	www.union.edu /PUBLIC/GEODEPT/COURSES/petrology/ig_minerals.htm (1836 words)

	MineralKing.org: The Road to Historic Designation Time Line
		Mineral King community granted 10 year permits during proposed construction phase of the resort.
		Mineral King District Association starts efforts to brings about legislation that would change the 1978 law that called for an end to cabin leases.
		The Mineral King road corridor including the three cabin tracts of the community are determined to be historically significant and eligible for listing in the National Register.
	www.mineralking.org /timeline.htm (1134 words)

	Bastin - Abalone
		Mineral deposition is unique, in shape and structure, to the tissue involved, and certain minerals may have distinct functions in various locations of the organism.
		Protein(s) control(s) the nucleation of crystal growth, the shape and size of the crystals, and rigidity of the materials due to the formation of a composite material consisting of a few percent by weight of the protein dispersed within a solid framework of the biomineral.
		To this end, we are studying the effect of proteins known to control the crystal growth of calcium carbonate during biomineralization in a controlled laboratory environment.
	www.science.widener.edu /~bastin/abalonepage.html (1557 words)

	Sierra Club Outings \| Majestic Mineral King, Kings Canyon National Park, California \| 06114A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Mineral King is at the end of Highway 198, 25 miles up a winding road from Three Rivers, just west of Visalia in the Central Valley California.
		Mineral King is about seven hours drive from San Francisco or six hours from Los Angeles.
		It was itself the site of a major conservation battle that led to the inclusion of Mineral King in Sequoia National Park, saving it from development as a ski resort by the Disney Corporation.
	www.sierraclub.org /outings/national/brochure/06114A.asp (1997 words)

	EFFECT OF MINERAL AND SLOW-RELEASE NITROGEN COMBINATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF TOMATO IN A CONIFEROUS BARK MEDIUM
		The effects of mineral and slow-release N on the growth of tomato in a bark medium of mixed conifer composition was assessed.
		Dry weights decreased with the addition of 412 and 824 mg mineral N. Plant growth in the Osmocote treatments was restricted by P deficiency.
		The results indicate that the inclusion of mineral and slow-release N can successfully cater for plant requirements and the N immobilisation requirements in uncomposted bark media.
	www.actahort.org /books/82/82_5.htm (251 words)

	Mineral Gallery: The Minerals of Mexico
		Tellurates from the mines of Moctezuma are quite unusual, having provided at least seventeen new tellurate minerals to science as well as specimens of many other tellurium minerals.
		No discussion of Mexican minerals or Mexican gemstones would be complete without mentioning the not one, but two outstanding amethyst localities of Vera Cruz and Guerrero.
		There simply is not enough space to discuss all of the wonderful minerals and mineral localities of Mexico.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/fablocal/mexico.htm (1379 words)

	Moissanite Mineral Data
		Location: Found in a cobble at a beach along the Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea, around 150 km NW from Izmir, and is most likely derived from Tertiary volcanic rocks outcropping in the area.
		The gray shading in the BSE mage consists mainly of pure silicon (Si metal).
		Inclusions - Generally found as inclusions in other minerals.
	www.webmineral.com /data/Moissanite.shtml (307 words)

	FY04 Mineral Resources External Research Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Mineral Resources Program (MRP) offered a grant and/or cooperative agreement opportunity to universities, state agencies, industry, or other private sector organizations that have the ability to conduct research in topics that meet the goals of the Mineral Resources Program in March 2004.
		Understand the geologic setting and genesis of the Nation’s mineral resources in a global context, in order to ensure a sustainable supply of minerals for the Nation’s future.
		Understand the influence of mineral deposits, mineralizing processes, and mineral-resource development on environmental integrity, ecosystems, public health, and geologic hazards.
	minerals.usgs.gov /news/mrerp/results04.html (286 words)

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