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Topic: Income inequality metrics

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Total personal income

Poverty line

Economic inequality

Gini coefficient

Relative poverty

Lorenz curve

Per capita income

Gini index

Poverty level

Social inequality

Poverty

Poverty in the United States

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Purchasing power

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Social Inequality
		Social inequality is generally considered to be exponential as one traverses the strata of national and world societies from top-to-bottom.
		Some argue that inequality is in large part the negative consequence of destructive state policies (such as capitalism) and wars, past and present, while others see inequality as the natural consequence of social darwinism (see IQ and the Wealth of Nations).
		Social inequality is sometimes considered disproportionate to societal advancement; for example, feudalist societies are usually considered to have had higher levels of social inequality than advanced democracies.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Social-Inequality (798 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Wage gap
		However, income disparity is also used by those people concerned with the low level of the minimum wage, relative to the income of the wealthy.
		Income disparity is the situation where the output level of two workers is equal but their incomes are not as a result of unassociated bias.
		Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are techniques used by economists to measure the distribution of income among members of a society.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Wage-gap (489 words)

	Income inequality metrics
		Relative income measures compare the income of one individual (or group) with the income of another individual (or group).These measures are most useful when analyzing the scope and distribution of income inequality.
		For example, in measuring inequality changes dueto the development of less developed countries, absolute measures typically show improvements as the general income level rises,but it is also common for relative measures to deteriorate as the new wealth becomes concentrated in the hands of the upperpercentiles.
		Income inequality metrics are seldom used to quantify and examine the causes of income inequality.
	www.therfcc.org /income-inequality-metrics-3337.html (781 words)

	4engr: All the information of U of T researchers say risk of disability rises for income inequality
		A massive survey conducted by researchers at the University of Toronto reveals Americans living in states with high rates of income inequality are significantly more likely to have a disability that limits the completion of daily tasks such as dressing, bathing and mobility at home.
		Income inequality in the United States refers to the extent to which income, most commonly measured by household or individual, is distributed in an uneven manner.
		While there seems to be consensus among social scientists that some degree of income inequality is needed, the extent of income inequality and its implications on society continue to be a subject of great debate, as they have been for over a century.
	www.4engr.com /research/catalog/426/index.html (654 words)

	India, Indian States, India States, Indian hotels, Indian News and Indian Tourism, India Travel
		Inequality is most often measured using the Gini coefficient (defined based on the Lorenz curve).
		Income inequality and the social capital index in 50 U.S. states.
		Income inequality and mortality in 282 metropolitan areas of the United States.
	www.bangalorein.com /wiki-Economic_inequality (5496 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Income inequality metrics
		Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are techniques used by economists to measure the distribution of income and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general.
		Of all inequality measures, this measure is the simplest and least interpretative one.
		Evidence from a broad panel of recent academic studies shows the relation between income inequality and the rate of growth and investment is indeed robust however not linear.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Income_inequality_metrics (1685 words)

	Definition of Income inequality metrics
		Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are techniques used by economists to measure the distribution of income amoung members of a society.
		For example, in measuring inequality changes due to the development of less developed countries, absolute measures typically show improvements as the general income level rises, but it is also common for relative measures to deteriorate as the new wealth becomes concentrated in the hands of the upper percentiles.
		Income inequality metrics are seldom used to quantify and examine the causes of income inequality.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Income_inequality_metrics (943 words)

	Income inequality metrics - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are techniques used by economists to measure the distribution of income among members of a society.
		Gini coefficient - This is a summary statistic used to quantify the extent of income inequality depicted in a particular Lorenz curve.
		Income inequality metrics are seldom used to quantify and examine the causes of income inequality.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Income_inequality_metrics (1456 words)

	Income disparity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Income disparity or wage gap is a term used to describe inequities in average pay or salary between socio-economic groups within society, or the inequities in pay between individuals who produce the same work.
		The income gap between the wealthy and the poor.
		In the context of economic inequality, gender gap generally refers to the systemic differences in the social and economic roles of men and women, or boys and girls.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Income_disparity (570 words)

	Income inequality metrics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are techniques used by economists to measure the distribution of income among members of a society.
		Gini coefficient - This is a summary statistic used to quantify the extent of income inequality depicted in a particular Lorenz curve.
		Income inequality metrics are seldom used to quantify and examine the causes of income inequality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Income_inequality_metrics (1439 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Income is increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.
		Net income or net profit which is not expended to shareholders in the form of dividends becomes part of retained earnings.
		In economics, factor income is the flow (that is, measured per unit of time) of revenue accruing to a person or nation from labor services and from ownership of land and capital.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Income (988 words)

	Income inequality metrics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It has been estimated (by A.S. Blinder in The Decomposition of Inequality, MIT press) that 30% of measured income inequality is due to the inequality an individual experiences as they go through the stages of life.
		For example, in measuring inequality changes due to the development of less developed countries, absolute measures typically show improvements as the general income level rises, but it is also common for relative measures to deteriorate as the new wealth becomes concentrated in the hands of the upper percentiles.
		* Income inequality metrics are seldom used to quantify and examine the causes of income inequality.
	www.wapipedia.org /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=Income_inequality_metrics (858 words)

	Population Health Metrics \| Full text \| Assessment of the health of Americans: the average health-related quality of ...
		Inequality in HRQL by race was smaller in 1995 than 1990 because race had smaller effect on the way health was distributed in 1995 than 1990.
		Although this study does not intend to undertake a full investigation of health inequality by race in the US, the focus on race is compatible with the recent extension of the attention from inequalities in health care by race [31,32] to inequalities in health outcomes by race [33,34].
		Inequality in the HALex by race was smaller in 1995 than 1990 because race had smaller effect on the way health was distributed in 1995 than 1990 while the absolute mean differences between racial groups were the same between these years.
	www.pophealthmetrics.com /content/3/1/7 (6239 words)

	American Prospect Online - ViewWeb
		Inequality is not the only thing that matters, and risk and security issues should be on the table as well, but anything that aims at further downplaying the extent to which the distribution of wealth and income is a legitimate subject of political controversy should be resisted.
		The literature on wealth and income inequality mostly hews to the same pattern: At the start of the 1930s, the top 1 percent controls 20 percent of the wealth and 8 percent of the wage income.
		If inequality of income and security are further reinforced by widening inequalities in education and health care quality, and also by political inequality (and there's another book to be written on just that topic), then we will be, indeed, two nations.
	www.prospect.org /web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewWeb&articleId=12159 (4088 words)

	Gini coefficient - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of a distribution, defined as the ratio of area between the Lorenz curve of the distribution and the curve of the uniform distribution, to the area under the uniform distribution.
		It is often used to measure income inequality.
		The Gini coefficient's main advantage is that it is a measure of inequality by means of a ratio analysis, rather than a variable unrepresentative of most of the population, such as per capita income or gross domestic product.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gini_coefficient (1932 words)

	Poverty
		Income security, economic stability and the predictability of one's continued means to meet basic needs all serve as absolute indicators of poverty.
		The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is based on "economic distance", a level of income set at 50% of the median household income.
		Income inequality for the world as a whole may be diminishing.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Poor (2841 words)

	Has State Action Reduced Inequality in the US.? - Mises Institute
		In previous essays, I have argued that a) we may not be measuring inequality correctly and that a proper conception of the concept may lead us to the conclusion that inequality is actually decreasing, and b) that even if inequality is increasing, it is unclear that it is necessarily detrimental to society.
		Let's go ahead and assume that income inequality is the proper metric by which we gauge true material inequality.
		One of the most popular measures of income inequality is the Gini coefficient, which is a number between zero and one that shows us how income is distributed across groups.
	www.mises.org /story/1231 (856 words)

	Social inequality Sociology
		Inequality is most often measured using the Gini coefficient(defined based on the Lorenz curve).
		In such a system inequality would be low or non-existent assuming everyone had the same "needs." Libertarianismgenerally does not take a stance on inequality per se, but opposes government intervention in society meaning that libertarians favor allowing inequality to remain as long as it is a result of the free market.
		The main practical argument in favor of the acceptance of economic inequality is that, as long as the cause is mainly due to differences in behavior, the inequality serves as an economic engine to push the society towards economically healthy and efficient behavior, and is therefore beneficial.
	www.lumrix.com /medical/sociology/social_inequality.html (4550 words)

	Growing income inequality: sign of the next Great Depression? - Actuarial Outpost
		Income inequality grew significantly in 2005, with the top 1 percent of Americans -- those with incomes that year of more than $348,000 -- receiving their largest share of national income since 1928, analysis of newly released tax data shows.
		Income inequality used to be a rabble-rousing issue of the left.
		There is a lot of noise in income inequality, especially as the baby boomers are nearing retirement, so it would be hard to argue that the full 14% increase they have seen is policy driven, but at least some of it very well could be.
	www.actuarialoutpost.com /actuarial_discussion_forum/showthread.php?p=2031076 (2503 words)

	sociology - Economic inequality
		Economic inequality is generally considered to be exponential as one traverses the strata of national and world societies from top-to-bottom.
		Economic inequality has always existed; its very nature, cause and importance is open to broad debate.
		Numerical indexes measuring economic equality either look at absolute inequality - essentially, quantifying poverty - and relative inequality, which compares the well-being and numbers of the rich with those of the poor.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Social_inequality (353 words)

	The Ultimate Income inequality metrics - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Gini coefficient - This is a summary statistic used to quantify the extent of income inequality depicted in a particular Lorenz curve.
		For example, in measuring inequality changes due to the development of less developed countries, absolute measures typically show improvements as the general income level rises, but it is also common for relative measures to deteriorate as the new wealth becomes concentrated in the hands of the upper percentiles.
		Income inequality metrics are seldom used to quantify and examine the causes of income inequality.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Income_inequality_metrics (923 words)

	Keywords » Inequality Roundup
		That’s looking at wealth, rather than income, but Michael Turton sent me a link to this great dynamic chart which tracks global income inequality as well as a host of other demographic factors, such as life expectancy and concentration of populations in urban areas.
		The importance of wealth, as opposed to income, can be seen in this great editorial piece about inequality in Korea: “Forty percent of Korean households and half of Seoul’s citizens don’t own their own home.
		Elsewhere I’ve written about inequalities that persist within the US at the primary level…for instance, the fact that wealth is a major factor in predicting educational success or failure (more than race or income).
	keywords.oxus.net /archives/2006/12/20/inequality-roundup (1237 words)

	Per capita income - Search.com
		When determining the per capita income of a community, however, it is not economic activity that is divided by the population, but the total personal income.
		It is usually expressed in terms of a commonly-used international currency such as the Euro or United States dollar, and is useful because it is widely known and produces a straightforward statistic for comparison.
		Data on per capita income based on a country's total personal income are rarely available.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Per_capita_income (467 words)

	Poverty & Inequality
		With the help of a new measure for income inequality, a new report refutes the notion that "the rich are getting richer and the poor...
		Much of the increase in income inequality in recent decades is due to the expanded business practice of paying workers based on their individual levels...
		To improve affordability, we must increase family incomes and reduce governmental policies that restrain housing supply and raise costs.
	www.heritage.org /Research/welfare/povertyinequality.cfm (629 words)

	Income Distribution Essays\| Income Distribution Dissertations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the cumulative distribution function of a probability distribution; it is a graph showing the proportion of the distribution assumed by the bottom y% of the values.
		It is often used to represent income distribution, where it shows for the bottom x% of households, what percentage y% of the total income they have.
		The percentage of households is plotted on the x-axis, the percentage of income on the y-axis.
	www.economics.degree-essays.com /income-distribution-essays.html (1097 words)

	Truck and Barter
		Of individuals who were in the lowest income quintile in 1975, 5.1 percent were still there in 1991, 14.6 percent had moved up to the second quintile, 21 percent to the middle quintile, 30.3 percent to the fourth quintile and 29 percent to the highest quintile.
		Individuals in the lowest income quintile in 1975 saw, on average, a $25,322 rise in their real income over the 16 years from 1975 to 1991.
		That is, the average income of the sample would be expected to rise each year simply as a result of the individuals in the sample growing older and gaining more work experience.
	www.truckandbarter.com /2003_10_01_truckandbarter_archive.html (12151 words)

	Per capita income
		The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population.
		Per capita income is often used as a measure of the wealth of the population of a nation, particularly in comparison to other nations.
		Data on Per capita income based on a country's total personal income is very difficult to find.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/Per_capita_income (394 words)

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